TERMS OF REFERENCE

TERMS OF REFERENCE

If you speak Spanish, you may find the following mnemonics useful:Rostral (rostro means face); Ventral (vientre means tummy);Caudal (cola means butt)

Terms of Reference

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Like an apple

Like a loaf of bread

Like a hamburger(horizon)

Central Sulcus

Lateral Fissure

LATERAL VIEW

8. Ventrolateral frontal cortex (aka lateral orbitofrontal cortex)10. Lateral fissure, superior temporal gyrus, 13. Amygdala lies below the cortex 5 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

_________ VIEW

DORSAL VIEW

VENTRAL VIEW

_Ventral__ VIEW

Locate:Orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortexTemporal pole

Localize: Anterior Cingulate gyruscorpus callosum, Ventro medial prefrontal cortex, midfrontal cortex

Amygdala, Coronal view

Amygdala, horizontal cut, dissection

TheReward

System:

Activities of survival (sex, feed) activate the reward system

Drugs of abuse similarly activate the reward system

Dopamine

Dopamine

Electrical stimulation of the reward system is also addictive

Electrical intracranial self-stimulation

Olds & Milner (1954)

The mind is its own place, and in itself, can make heaven of Hell, and a hell of Heaven.

(Satan, in John Milton’s Paradise Lost, book 1, ll. 254–5)Quoted by R. Cardinal

VTAn. accumbens

stimulation

dopamine

Neuroimaging of face, bird and car experts

“Face Experts”

FusiformGyrus

FusiformGyrus

CarExperts

BirdExperts

FusiformGyrus

Gauthier et al., 2000

Cars-Objects Birds-Objects

ControlGroup

AutismGroup

Hypoactivation of fusiform face area Schultz, et al. 2000

Faces

FusiformGyrus

FusiformGyrus

Children with autism as face “novices”