View
212
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Teaching and Teaching and LearningLearning
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
The word “assess”The word “assess”
Comes from the Latin verb ‘Comes from the Latin verb ‘assidereassidere’ ’ meaning ‘meaning ‘to sit withto sit with’. In assessment ’. In assessment
one is supposed to sit with the one is supposed to sit with the learner. This implies it is something learner. This implies it is something
we do we do withwith andand forfor students and not students and not toto students (Green, 1998)students (Green, 1998)
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
ReferencesReferences
Paul Black, Christine Harrison, Dylan Paul Black, Christine Harrison, Dylan Williams- Williams- Kings College LondonKings College London
Rosalind Driver – Rosalind Driver – Leeds UniversityLeeds University
Ruth Butler – Ruth Butler – USAUSA. . Harris Cooper – Harris Cooper – NC, USANC, USA. . Berliner & Cassanova - Berliner & Cassanova - USAUSA. .
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
AssessmentAssessment
Summative FormativeSummative Formative
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
What are summative and What are summative and formative assessment?formative assessment?
The garden analogy
Think of the pupils as plantsThink of the pupils as plants
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
Summative assessmentSummative assessment of the of the plants is the process of simply plants is the process of simply measuring them. It might be measuring them. It might be interesting to compare and interesting to compare and analyse measurements but, in analyse measurements but, in themselves, these do not affect themselves, these do not affect the growth of the plants.the growth of the plants.
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
Formative assessmentFormative assessment, on other , on other hand, is the garden equivalent hand, is the garden equivalent of feeding and watering the of feeding and watering the plants - directly affecting their plants - directly affecting their growth.growth.
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
Comparison Comparison
FormativeFormative SummativeSummativelearner drivenlearner drivenconstant feedbackconstant feedbackteacher, peer and self teacher, peer and self assessmentassessmenthelps with pupil learning…helps with pupil learning…
content drivencontent drivenend point testend point testexam paper assessmentexam paper assessmentchecks what has/not been checks what has/not been
learned…learned…
……assessment assessment FORFOR learning learning ……assessment assessment OFOF learning learning
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
QuestioningQuestioning
HomeworkHomework
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
QuestioningQuestioning
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
QuestioningQuestioning
Increasing the ‘wait time’Increasing the ‘wait time’
Answers are longerAnswers are longer Failure to respond decreasesFailure to respond decreases Responses are more confidentResponses are more confident Students improve and challenge answersStudents improve and challenge answers More alternative answers are offeredMore alternative answers are offered
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
Questions are not for……Questions are not for……
Controlling misbehaviourControlling misbehaviour Helping ‘needy’ studentsHelping ‘needy’ students Putting down studentsPutting down students Saying “yes, but…..”Saying “yes, but…..” Showing students what they don’t knowShowing students what they don’t know
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
Improving Classroom QuestioningImproving Classroom Questioning
Ask fewer questionsAsk fewer questions Ask ‘higher order’/ ‘open’ questionsAsk ‘higher order’/ ‘open’ questions Question for depthQuestion for depth Question to promote thinkingQuestion to promote thinking Use ‘wait time’Use ‘wait time’ Acknowledge and give feedback.Acknowledge and give feedback. Look for the positive in the response.Look for the positive in the response.
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
Lower Order / Closed Questions Lower Order / Closed Questions
What?What? Who?Who? StateState When?When? How many?How many?
One word answersOne word answers
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
Higher Order / Open Questions Higher Order / Open Questions
How can you be sure that…….?How can you be sure that…….? What is the same/different about……?What is the same/different about……? Is it always/ever true/false that…….?Is it always/ever true/false that…….? What would happen if…….?What would happen if…….? How would you explain…….?How would you explain…….? What does that tell you about…….?What does that tell you about…….? What is wrong with saying…….?What is wrong with saying…….? You could argue that…...You could argue that…...
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
Concept CartoonsConcept Cartoons
GlaxoGlaxo Smith Kline Smith Kline
HomeworkHomework
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
Old AdageOld Adage
You don’t make You don’t make the pig heavier the pig heavier by weighing itby weighing it
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
What should homework do?What should homework do? Review material taught in class, not introduce Review material taught in class, not introduce
new materialnew material Should be an extension of what students Should be an extension of what students
learned in classlearned in class Give students opportunities to practice skillsGive students opportunities to practice skills Lead to better retention of factual knowledge Lead to better retention of factual knowledge Lead to better critical thinking and concept Lead to better critical thinking and concept
formationformation Help students relate new information to their Help students relate new information to their
prior knowledge and experiencesprior knowledge and experiences
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
Homework Homework
Requires feedbackRequires feedback Should not be used as or perceived Should not be used as or perceived
as punishmentas punishment Should not be used to learn new Should not be used to learn new
conceptsconcepts
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
Type of homeworkType of homework
Memory/ recall/practiceMemory/ recall/practice
Students correct their own or other Students correct their own or other student’s copiesstudent’s copies
Do not gradeDo not gradeDo not require a Do not require a
comment/feedbackcomment/feedback
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
Comprehension, application,Comprehension, application,
analysis, synthesis or evaluationanalysis, synthesis or evaluation Need oral discussion if corrected in Need oral discussion if corrected in
classclass Require students to think - allow timeRequire students to think - allow time Encourage other students to delete or Encourage other students to delete or
add to their answersadd to their answers Comment/feedback very importantComment/feedback very important
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
FeedbackFeedback
MarksMarks
CommentsComments
Marks and CommentsMarks and Comments
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
Feedback Feedback (Butler,1988)(Butler,1988)
Type of Feedback GivenType of Feedback Given Achievement GainAchievement Gain
Marks onlyMarks only NoneNone
Comments onlyComments only Scores increased by one-Scores increased by one-thirdthird
Marks and commentsMarks and comments NoneNone
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
A B
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
CommentsComments Identify Identify
• what has been done wellwhat has been done well• what needs improvementwhat needs improvement• how improvement might be madehow improvement might be made
Praise the work, not the pupil, when Praise the work, not the pupil, when appropriateappropriate
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
“If a school sends out students with a desire for knowledge and some idea of how to acquire and use it, it will have done its work. Too many students leave school with the appetite killed and the mind loaded with undigested lumps of information.” (Abbott, 1999)
www.juniorscience.iewww.juniorscience.ie
SnoopySnoopy
Recommended