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Teacher Materials
This packet is designed to accompany the All Together Now app for students in Years 2 and 4
Version updated: August 14, 2016
This Teacher Materials Packet was assembled by
the University of Maryland consulting team of Dr. Melanie Killen, Laura Elenbaas, and Michael T. Rizzo
Contact information: Dr. Killen, mkillen@umd.edu,
University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Text for the scenarios that accompany the app were created by Gabiann Marin of Telltale Scripts and Story Development
Digital illustrations were developed by Sarah Gleeson of Meekins Design
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Teacher Materials Packet
Table of Contents
Research background for the app………………………………………………………..……………….……3 Instructions to students before playing the app……………………………………………….……5 Ideas for teachers to foster classroom discussion after students play the app
Week 1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…7 Week 2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..9 Week 3……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………11 Week 4……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………13 Week 5……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15 Week 6……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………17 Week 7……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19 Week 8……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21
Vocabulary word bank……………………………………………………………………………………………..…23 Suggested resdings about prejudice in childhood…..……………………………………………26 All Together Now is a national Australian charity dedicated to reducing racism through education. The predominant location for racism to occur among children is at school, with the majority of perpetrators being other students. At All Together Now, our response to this problem is to provide an evidence-based web app in order to teach students how to identify and challenge all forms of exclusion and bias, resulting in positive behavioural change.
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Research Background for the App Why was this app created?
Prejudiceandracismcontinuetobepersistentanddetrimentalaspectsofsociallife,limitingindividualaspirationsandcontributionstosociety,creatingintergrouptensionsandconflictsthatreduceproductivityandsocialharmony,anddismantlingeffortstoformajustandcivilsociety.
Extensiveresearchinsocialpsychologyhasshownthat,whileexplicitprejudicehasdeclineddramatically
overthepast50years,implicitbiasesremainpervasive.Moreover,extremesocietalconditions(suchasforcedimmigrationpatternsduetogovernmentalupheavalsorcivilwar)createrenewedconditionsforthere-emergenceofexplicitbiasandprejudicialattitudes.
Thisinterventionisdevelopmentallyappropriatebecauseitprovidesawaytodiscusscomplexissues
aboutraceandprejudicethatemergeintheeverydaylifeofchildreninfamiliarsettingssuchasatthepark,ontheplaygroundandathome. What is the role of children’s peer relationships for reducing prejudice?
Peersareimportanttochildren,providingsourcesofaffiliation,friendship,support,intimacy,andloyalty.Positivepeerrelationshipscanbufferchildrenfromexperiencesofbullyingandhelpchildrentoacquirenotionsoffairness.However,peergroupsalsohaveanegativerolewhengroupidentitycreatesin-groupbiasandout-groupdistrust.Inearlychildhood,childrenareofteninteractingwithsame-grouppeers.Astheymoveintochildhood,biasesemergeandbegintoaffecthowtheytreatout-grouppeers.Yet,childrenalsoknowthattherearetimeswhenchallengingone’sowngroupistherightcourseofaction,asdepictedinthescenariosintheAllTogetherNowapp.
Thebenefitsofpositivepeerrelationshipsarealsowellknown.Childrenwhohavefriendsofdifferent
racial,ethnic,religious,andnationalitybackgroundsarelesslikelytodisplayimplicitbias,andmorelikelytorejectsocialexclusionbasedonrace,ethnicity,orotherformsofgroupmembership(Killen,Elenbaas,&Rutland,2015).Inadditiontodirectcross-groupfriendships,indirectcontact(readingbooksaboutpeerswhohavecross-groupfriendships)canalsoreduceprejudiceandbias.
Unfortunately,cross-raceandcross-ethnicfriendshipsoftendecreasewithage.Thus,effortstopromote
positiveintergroupfriendshipsareessentialforreducingprejudiceandbiasbeginningearlyinchildhoodandcontinuingonintoadolescenceandadulthood.Interventionsdesignedtopromotepositiveintergroupattitudesinchildhoodalsohavepositiveeffectsforreducingadults(parents’andteachers’)biasesgiventhatadultsareofteninvolvedinteachingorparticipatingintheprogramsdesignedforchildren.
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Research Background for the App Do children understand what it means to treat others fairly?
Childrennaturallydevelopinclinationstobefairtoothers,tocareaboutother’swelfare,andtodistributeresourcesinanequalmannerasearlyas3and4yearsofage.Childrenandadolescentsdislikeindividualsinpositionsofauthoritywhodothingsthatareunfairorunequal;theyviewtheinflictionofharmaswrongbecausetheyunderstandthenegativeintrinsicconsequencesoffeelingpainandwhatitmeanstobeavictim.EncouragingchildrentostandupforthefairandequaltreatmentofothersisacoreprincipleoftheAllTogetherNowapp.
Do we have to address prejudice early?
Whensubtlepatternsofdiscriminationandantagonismbetweenpeersgounchecked,negativeoutcomesoftenfollow.Sometimesadultsdonotpayattentiontosubtleformsofprejudicialattitudesinchildhoodwiththeexpectationthatthenegativeconsequencesareminor,negligible,ortemporary.Yet,itisveryimportanttoaddressissuesofprejudiceinchildhood.
Childrenwhoexperienceprejudiceandbiasareatriskforlongtermnegativeconsequencesintermsof
academicachievementandsuccessintheworkforce(Killen,Rutland,&Ruck,2011).Asiswellknown,stereotypesaredeeplyentrenchedbyadulthood;thetimeforinterventionandchangeischildhood. What can we do about prejudice and biases in childhood?
Educatorsareuniquelypoisedtopromotepositiveintergroupsocialrelationshipsinchildhood.Intergroupsocialrelationshipsareonesinwhichtwoormoreindividualsarefromdifferentbackgrounds(suchasethnic,racial,religious,ornationality).Oneofthemostsignificantpredictorsforrejectingprejudicialattitudesistheexperienceofcross-raceandcross-groupfriendships.Thisisbecausehavingafriendofadifferentracial,ethnic,ornational(orothergroupcategory)backgroundprovideschildrenwiththedirectevidencetorejectastereotypicimageorattitudethattheyhearinsociety(throughthemediaorfromadultmessages).
Teachers,parents,andothernon-parentaladultsplayaveryimportantroleinpromotingpositive
attitudestowardsothersandreducingprejudiceinchildhood.Thisroleistohelpchildrenunderstandtheconnectionsbetweenactsandconsequences,tolearnthehistoryandcultureofgroupsthataredifferentfromtheirown,topromoteconceptsofequalandfairtreatmentofothers,andtolearnhowtoresolvesocialconflictsinconstructiveways.Thesefoundationspavethewayforgeneralisingpositivesocialskillsinintergroupcontexts.
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Teacher Instructions to Students before Playing the App
AllTogetherNowandtheATNScientificAdvisoryBoard(madeupofdevelopmentalandsocial
psychologistsinAustraliaandtheU.S.)designedauniqueprogramtoaddresstoleranceandinclusion.TheAustralianGovernmentDepartmentofEducationandTraininghasbeenworkingwithAllTogetherNowtoenableeducatorstousethisuniqueprogramintheclassroomcontext.Earlyformsofpositiveintergrouprelationshipssetthestageforalifetimeofpositiveconsequences,suchasthemotivationtoattendschool,achieveacademicandcareersuccess,andthedesiretocelebratediversityandformnewfriendships.
Teachers’ introduction:Weencourageteacherstoprovideageneraloverviewforstudents
aboutthegoalsofthisgamepriortochildrenplayingtheapp.Thegoalistokeeptheconversationgeneralandfocusedonconflictresolutionratherthanondiversityspecificallybeforechildrenbegin.Thisistoencouragechildrentomakechoicesaboutinclusionorexclusionbasedontheirownthoughts,ratherthanontheteacher’ssuggestions.
Hereisasuggestionforpointstomaketotheclasspriortoplayingtheapp:“Anewprogramhasbeendevelopedforstudentslikeyouinwhichyougettoplayagameonthe
computerthatinvolveskidslikeyouinsituationswhereconflictsarise.Andyouaregoingtohelpthemsolvetheseconflicts.
Thesearenotkidsthatyouknowpersonally,butthesekindsofsituationsareonesthathappenevery
day.Youmightrecogniseitontheplayground–somethingyousawyesterdayortoday-andwewantyoutohelpthemfigureoutthebestthingtodo.
Inthisgameyouwillhearaboutkids.Youwillbeaskedhowthedifferentcharactersfeel,whetheryouthinkwhattheydidwasallrightornotallright,andwhy.
Thenyouwillalsobeaskedtodecidehowtheyshouldresolvetheirconflict.Afteryoumakeyourdecision
youwillseewhathappensnextbasedonhowyouansweredit.Thesestorieswillhavepeoplewhoarefromdifferentbackgroundsandyouwillbeaskedtofigurethis
out.Whenyouaredonewewilltalkaboutwhatyouthinkaboutit.Talkingabouthowweresolveconflictsis
importantforlearninghowtogetalongwellwithothers.Conflictsarepartofeverydaylife;thismeansthatlearninghowtoresolveconflictsinapositivewayisveryessentialformakingfriendsandbeingamemberofagroup,aclassroom,aschool,aneighbourhood,andourglobalcommunity.”
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Ideas for Teachers to Foster Classroom Discussion after Students Play the App
Thissectionincludeseighttwo-pageguidesforhowtocreateclassroomdiscussionsafterchildrenplay
eachsegmentoftheAllTogetherNowapp(thereareeighttotalsegments).
Eachtwo-pageguidecoversthetopicsforthatweek’sscenarioandprovidesaframeworkforteacherstocreateclassroomdiscussionsaboutthethemesfortheweek.
Withineachweekwehighlight:1. Themainthemes
2. Thetake-awaymessages
3. Children’sinterpretationsandevaluationsoftheexchangesbetweencharactersineachstory
4. Solutionsforsolvingsituationsinwhichonechildfeelsexcludedorrejectedbecauseoftheirgender,
race,ethnicity,religion,ornationality
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Week 1 Setting: The playground Group focus: New kid at school Teacher Introduction 1. Main theme: Themainthemeforthisweekishelpingchildrentoidentifywithindividualswhoare
excluded.Everyonehasbeen“new”atsomepoint,andthisweek’sstoryprovidesastarttotheconversationusinganexperiencethateveryonecanrelateto,whichissomeonenewatschool.Childrenunderstandtheperspectiveofboththeexcludedandtheexcluderswhichhelpstoopenuptheconversation.
2. Why we chose the topic: Asafirststep,it’shelpfultohavethe“target”ofexclusionbeneutral(a“newkid”),beforesteppingintoissuesofracialexclusion.
3. Take-away message:Thetakeawaymessageisthatincludingsomeonenewisnotashardasitmightseematfirst,andthatdoingthismakesthenewchildfeelmorecomfortableintheirnewenvironmentwhileaddingafunnewperspectivetoyourusualactivities.
Student Interpretations 1. What happened in the story? WejustheardthisstoryaboutBlake,Matt,andConnor.What
happenedinthestory? 2. What did you choose to have happen? DidyouchoosetoinviteBlaketojoinMattandConnor,
ordidyouchoosetonotinvitehim?Whydidyoumakethisdecision?
Student Emotions/Motivations Attributions (Perspectives of Matt, Connor, and Blake) 1. Perspective 1:
a. WhatdidConnorthinkaboutinvitingBlaketohangoutwiththem?WhydidConnorthinkthat?b. HowmightConnorfeelifMattagreestoinviteBlake?HowmightConnorfeelifMattdoesn’twantto
inviteBlake?2. Perspective 2:
a. WhatdidMattthinkaboutinvitingBlaketohangoutwiththem?WhydidMattthinkthat?b. HowdidMattfeelaboutConnorwantingtoinviteBlake?
3. Perspective 3: a. WhatwasBlaketryingtodo?b. HowdidBlakefeelwhenMattbrushedhimoff?c. HowmightBlakefeelifConnorandMattaskhimtohangoutwiththem?HowmightBlakefeelifthey
continuetoignorehim?
Student Evaluations of the Characters’ Choices 1. Evaluation of negative choice: DoyouthinkitwouldbeOKornotOKforMattandConnorto
keepignoringBlakethenextday?Whydoyouthinkit’sOKornotOK?
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2. Evaluation of positive choice:DoyouthinkitwouldbeOKornotOKforMattandConnortoaskBlakethehangoutwiththemthenextday?Whydoyouthinkit’sOKornotOK?
Guided Interpretations: Suggestions for Teacher-Led Discussions 1. Teacher reiteration of main message: Themainthemeforthisweekwastothinkabouthow
othersfeelwhenweignorethem,andhowitcanbeeasyandfuntoincludesomeonewho’snewatschool.2. What did we learn?: Thisweekwelearnedabouthow,byinvitingsomeonewhowasnewatschool,
MattandConnorfoundanewfriendwholikedalotofthesamethingsthattheydid.3. Probing children’s identification of themes: Itcanbescarystartingoutatanewschool,and
lotsofkidscoulduseahandmakingnewfriends.Whenwebrushpeopleawaythough,ouractionscanhavearippleeffect.DidyounoticewhathappenedtoBlakewhenMattandConnorwereignoringhim?
Solutions 1. Enabling children to identify with the activities of the context
a. Whatdoyouliketodoatrecess?b. Doyouandyourfriendseverinvitenewpeopletojoinyou?
2. Have you ever experienced this? a. Haveyoueverbeennewatsomething?What’sthelastgamethatyoulearned?b. Hasanyoneeverexcludedorignoredbecauseyouwerenew?Becausetheythoughtyouwouldn’tfit
inwiththem?c. Haveyouevernoticedsomeoneelsebeingexcludedorignoredbecausetheywerenew?
3. Bystander roles: a. Ifyouseesomeonebeingexcludedorignored,whatcouldyoudoaboutit?b. Howdoyouthinkyouwouldgoaboutchangingsomeone’smindtogetthemtoseeit’snotsohardto
includeothers?4. Challenging unfair actions of in-group:
a. Haveyoueverheardoneofyourfriendssayingthatit’sbettertojuststicktotheusualroutine,andnotworthittoreachoutandincludesomeoneelse?
b. Whatcouldyousaytothemtohelpthemrealisethatitmightbefuntomeetnewpeople?
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Week 2 Setting: Dance team Group focus: Aboriginal People Teacher Introduction 1. Main theme: Themainthemeforthisweekistheinclusionofothersfromdifferentculturalgroupsand
howlearningaboutnewwaysofdoingthingsbenefitseveryone.Thisenablesstudentstolearnthattheirownwayofdoingsomethingcanbeenhancedbylearningsomethingnewfromotherswhoarefromdifferentethnicandculturalbackgrounds.
2. Why we chose the topic: Thistopicisimportanttodiscusswithchildrenbecausetheydonotalwaysrecognisethebenefitsofincludingotherpeersfromdifferentbackgroundsandthebenefitsthatcancomeaboutfromtryingnewthingsfromothercultures.
3. Take-away message: Thetakeawaymessageisthat,byincludingindividualswhoaredifferentfromyouintoyouractivities,youcanmakesomeoneelsefeelthattheyarepartofyourgroup,andyoucanmakeyourownactivitiesmorefun.
Student Interpretations 1. What happened in the story? SowejustheardthisstoryaboutMaggie,Chloe,andKala.What
happenedinthisstory?2. What did you choose to have happen? DidyouchoosetogiveKalaanauditionordidyou
choosetonotlethertryout?Whydidyoumakethisdecision?
Student Emotions/Motivations Attributions (Perspectives of Kala, Maggie, and Chloe) 1. Perspective 1:
a. WhatdidMaggiethinkaboutlettingKalajoin?WhydidMaggiethinkthat?b. HowmightMaggiefeelifKalaisallowedtoaudition?HowmightMaggiefeelifKalaisnotallowedto
audition?2. Perspective 2:
a. WhatdidChloethinkaboutlettingKalajoin?WhydidChloethinkthat?b. HowmightChloefeelifKalaisallowedtoaudition?HowmightChloefeelifKalaisnotallowedto
audition?3. Perspective 3:
a. WhatwasKalatryingtodo?WhydidKalawanttodothat?b. HowmightKalafeelifsheisallowedtoaudition?HowmightKalafeelifsheisnotallowedto
audition?
Student Evaluations of the Characters’ Choices
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1. Evaluation of negative choice: DoyouthinkitwouldbeOK/notOKforMaggieandChloetonotinviteKalatoaudition?Whydoyouthinkit’sOK/notOK?
2. Evaluation of positive choice: DoyouthinkitwouldbeOK/notOKforMaggieandChloetoinviteKalatoaudition?Whydoyouthinkit’sOK/notOK?
Guided Interpretations: Suggestions for Teacher-Led Discussions 1. Teacher reiteration of main message: Themainthemeforthisweekwastothinkabouthow
includingpeoplefromdifferentculturalgroupscanhelpuslearnaboutothers,andmaybeevenimprovethewaywedothings.
2. What did we learn?: Thisweekwelearnedabouthow,byinvitingsomeonefromanAboriginalheritage,MaggieandChloelearnedacoolnewdancethattheywouldn’thaveotherwisegottolearn.Theyalsogottomakeanewfriend,whowashappytobeapartoftheirdanceteamandteachthemnewthings.
3. Probing children’s identification of themes: DoyouthinkMaggieandChloewouldbebetteroffiftheyletKalaauditionornot?Howmighttheybebetteroff?
Solutions 1. Enabling children to identify with the activities of the context
a. Canyouthinkofsomethingthatyouliketodo,thatmaybesomeoneelselikestododifferentlythanyoudo?Whatabouttheholidaysyoucelebrate,sportsyouplay,artyouenjoy,orthegamesyouplay?
b. Whataresomeofthewaysthatyouthinkitwouldbecooltotryanewversionofsomethingthatyouenjoy?
2. Have you ever experienced this? a. Haveyoueverbeenexcludedbecauseyoudidthingsdifferentlyfromsomeoneelse?b. Haveyouevernoticedsomeoneelsebeingexcludedfromsomethingbecausetheylikedtodothings
differently?3. Bystander roles:
a. Ifyouseesomeonebeingexcludedfordoingthingsdifferently,whatcouldyoudoaboutit?b. Howdoyouthinkyouwouldgoaboutchangingsomeone’smindtogetthemtoseetheimportanceof
tryingnewthings,especiallyfromdifferentcultures?4. Challenging unfair actions of in-group:
a. Haveyoueverheardoneofyourfriendssayingthatit’sbettertojuststicktoyourways,andnotincludeotherpeoplebecausetheywouldchangethings?
b. Whatcouldyousaytothemtohelpthemrealisethatitmightbefuntotrynewthings?
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Week 3 Setting: Birthday party Group focus: Muslim Teacher Introduction 1. Main theme: Themainthemeforthisweekisthatgettingtoknowpeoplepersonallyisthebestwayto
findoutwhatthey’rereallylike.Specialeventsaregreattimetocelebrateyourculture,butit’sgoodtobeopentoincludingothersfromanotherculturalbackground.Infact,childrencanevenhelptheirfriendsovercomediscomfortandworriesbysettingupopportunitiesforpositiveinteraction.
2. Why we chose the topic: Thistopicisimportanttodiscusswithchildrenbecausestereotypesarepervasivethroughoutchildhood,andcanexacerbatetensionsbetweengroups.It’snormaltowanttoshareone’sownculturaltraditionswithfriends,butwhenfriendsshowstereotypes,it’simportanttostepupandchallengetheseexpectations.
3. Take-away message:Thetakeawaymessageisthatchildrenhavetopowertopromoteunderstandingbetweenpeers.Thebestwaytofindoutifsomeoneisgoingtolikewhatyoulikeistotalktothemyourself,andthisissomethingthatchildrencanfacilitate.
Student Interpretations 1. What happened in the story? WejustheardthisstoryaboutMadhi,Sal,Amir,andJames.What
happenedinthisstory? 2. What did you choose to have happen? DidyouchoosetoinviteJamestothepartyornot?Why
didyoumakethisdecision?
Student Emotions/Motivations Attributions (Perspectives of Madhi, Sal, Amir, and James) 1. Perspective 1:
a. What did Madhi think about inviting James? Why did Madhi think that? b. How might Madhi feel if James is invited? How might Madhi feel if James is not
invited? 2. Perspective 2:
a. What did Sal think about inviting James? Why did Sal think that? b. How might Sal feel if James is invited? How might Sal feel if James is not invited?
3. Perspective 3: a. What did Amir think about inviting James? Why did Amir think that? b. How might Amir feel if James is invited? How might Amir feel if James is not
invited? 4. Perspective 4:
a. What do you think James wanted to do? Why did James want to do that? b. How might James feel if he is invited? How might James feel if he is not invited?
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Student Evaluations of the Characters’ Choices 1. Evaluation of negative choice: DoyouthinkitwouldbeOK/notOKforMadhitonotinvite
Jamestohisbirthdayparty?Whydoyouthinkit’sOK/notOK?2. Evaluation of positive choice: DoyouthinkitwouldbeOK/notOKforMadhitoinviteJamesto
hisbirthdayparty?Whydoyouthinkit’sOK/notOK?
Guided Interpretations: Suggestions for Teacher-Led Discussions 1. Teacher reiteration of main message: Themainthemeforthisweekisthatgettingtoknow
peoplepersonallyisthebestwaytofindoutwhatthey’rereallylike.Birthdaysareaspecialtimetocelebrateourfamiliesandourculture,butsometimesfriendscanbeuncomfortableaboutinvitingothersfromadifferentculturalbackground.Whenthathappens,wecanhelpourfriendsfindoutforthemselvesthatpeoplefromotherculturesarenotsodifferent.
2. What did we learn?: Thisweekwelearnedabouthowfriendscansometimeshavestereotypesaboutpeopleofothercultures.SalwasworriedthatJamesmightnotlikethefoodatMadhi’sbirthdayparty,butwowwashesurprised!ItturnedoutJameswasactuallyexcitedtocome.Madhihadtobebravetostanduptohisfriend,butheknewthatSalhadtoseeforhimselfthatJameswouldbeafunpersontoinvitetotheparty.Thesetypesofattitudesareonesthatwecanallwatchfor,andhelpeachotherseepaststereotypes.
3. Probing children’s identification of themes: WhywasSalworriedaboutinvitingJames?WhydidhethinkJameswouldn’tlikethefoodattheparty?HowdidMadhiknowthatitwouldbealrighttoinviteJames?WhataboutAmir,washemorelikeSalormorelikeMadhi?
Solutions 1. Enabling children to identify with the activities of the context
a. Whatdoesyourfamilydoforyourbirthday?Whodoyouusuallyinvite?b. Whattypesoffoodsdopeopleinyourneighborhoodeat?Doyoulikeanyfoodsfromothercountries?
2. Have you ever experienced this? a. Haveyoueverbeennervousaboutinvitingsomeonetohangoutwithyoubecauseyouthoughtthey
wouldn’tfitinwithyourotherfriendsfromyoursameculture?Haveanyfriendsevertoldyounottoinvitesomeonetoyourbirthdayparty,ornottoinvitesomeonetohangoutwithyou,becausetheythoughtthatpersonwouldn’tlikepartsofyourculture?
b. Haveyoueverbeenleftoutbecausesomeonethoughtthatyouwouldn’tbeinterestedinthesamefoodsorgamesasthem?
c. Hasanyoneeveraskedyouwhetherornotyoulikethesamefoodsthattheydo?3. Bystander roles:
a. Ifyourfriendwantstoexcludesomeonebecauseofassumptionsaboutthem,whatcouldyoudoaboutit?
4. Challenging unfair actions of in-group: a. Nowthatyou’veheardaboutMadhi,Sal,andJames,whatideasdoyouhaveforhelpingpeoplesee
forthemselvesthatculturedoesn’tlimitwhatpeopleliketodo?
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Week 4 Setting: A Fun Park Group focus: Sudanese Teacher Introduction 1. Main theme:Themainthemeforthisweekistheinclusionofothersfromdifferentculturalgroupsand
notmakingassumptionsaboutthembasedonculturalstereotypes.Thisenablesstudentstolearnthattheirexpectationsofhowotherswillactmaynotalwaysbecorrect,especiallywhenexpectationsarebasedonstereotypes,andthatthebestwaytofindoutwhatsomeoneislikeistotalktothem.
2. Why we chose the topic: Thistopicisimportanttodiscusswithchildrenbecausestereotypesarepervasivethroughoutchildhood,andevenrelativelyinnocuousones(e.g.,beingshy)areharmfultoeveryoneinvolved.Gettingchildrentorecognisewhentheirexpectationsarebasedonstereotypes,andlearninghowtochallengetheseexpectationsiscriticalforyoungchildren.
3. Take-away message:Thetakeawaymessageistonotmakeassumptionsaboutothersbasedontheirculturalorethnicheritage.Thebestwaytogettoknowifsomeoneisgoingtobeshy/outgoing,nice/mean,etc.istotalktothemandgettoknowwhotheyareandwhattheylikefirsthand.
Student Interpretations 1. What happened in the story? SowejustheardthisstoryaboutChristy,Imogen,Miranda,and
Lanfen.Whathappenedinthisstory?2. 3. What did you choose to have happen? DidyouchoosetoinviteLanfentothefunparkornot?
Whydidyoumakethisdecision?
Student Emotions/Motivations Attributions (Perspectives of Lanfen, Christy, and Imogen/Miranda) 1. Perspective 1:
a. WhatdidChristythinkaboutinvitingLanfen?WhydidChristythinkthat?b. HowmightChristyfeelifLanfenisinvited?HowmightChristyfeelifLanfenisnotinvited?
2. Perspective 2: a. WhatdidMirandaandImogenthinkaboutinvitingLanfen?WhydidMirandaandImogenthinkthat?b. HowmightMirandaandImogenfeelifLanfenisinvited?HowmightMirandaandImogenfeelifLanfenisnotinvited?
3. Perspective 3: a. WhatdoyouthinkLanfenwantedtodo?WhydidLanfenwanttodothat?
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b. HowmightLanfenfeelifsheisinvited?HowmightLanfenfeelifsheisnotinvited?
Student Evaluations of the Characters’ Choices 1. Evaluation of negative choice:DoyouthinkitwouldbeOK/notOKforChristy,Miranda,and
ImogentonotinviteLanfentothefunpark?Whydoyouthinkit’sOK/notOK? 2. Evaluation of positive choice: DoyouthinkitwouldbeOK/notOKforChristy,Miranda,and
ImogentoinviteLanfentothefunpark?Whydoyouthinkit’sOK/notOK?
Guided Interpretations: Suggestions for Teacher-Led Discussions 1. Teacher reiteration of main message: So,themainthemeforthisweekwastothinkabout
howourassumptionsaboutpeoplefromotherculturalgroupsmaynotalwaysberight.Thebestwaytogettoknowsomeoneistotalktothemtolearnaboutwhotheyareandwhattheylike.
2. What did we learn?: Thisweekwelearnedabouthow,bynotinvitingsomeonebecauseweexpectedthemtonothaveagoodtime,basedontheirculturalandethnicheritage,wecanloseoutontheopportunitytohavealotoffunwithnewpeople.MirandaandImogenmayhaveexpectedLanfennottohavefunbecauseoftheirassumptionsabouther,butintheendtheyallgottolearnabouteachotherandhaveatonoffunatthefunpark.
3. Probing children’s identification of themes: DoyouthinkChristy,Miranda,andImogenwouldbebetteroffiftheyinvitedZoeorLanfen?Howmighttheybebetteroff?
Solutions 1. Enabling children to identify with the activities of the context
a. Haveyoueverbeentoafunparkbefore?Whatgroupsofpeopledidyouseethere?b. Didyounoticethatcertainculturalgroupsstayedawayfromrides,ordidyounoticethattherewere
somepeoplefromalldifferentgroupsenjoyingtheridestogether?2. Have you ever experienced this?
a. Haveyoueverbeenexcludedbecauseofwhatsomeonethoughtthatyoulikedordidn’tlike,ratherthancomingandtalkingtoyouaboutit?
b. Haveyouevernoticedsomeoneelsebeingexcludedfromsomethingbecauseofwhatpeoplethoughttheymightormightnotlike,withoutaskingthemaboutit?
3. Bystander roles: a. Ifyouseesomeonebeingexcludedbecauseofassumptionspeoplearemakingaboutthem,whatcould
youdoaboutit?b. Howdoyouthinkyouwouldgoaboutchangingsomeone’smindtogetthemtoseetheimportanceof
talkingtopeopleandgettingtoknowthem,ratherthanjustmakingassumptionsaboutthem?4. Challenging unfair actions of in-group:
a. Haveyoueverheardoneofyourfriendsmakingassumptionsaboutotherpeoplebasedtheirculturalorethnicheritage?
b. Whatcouldyousaytothemtohelpthemrealisethatitwouldbebettertojusttalktootherstoseewhattheyactuallylike?
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Week 5 Setting: The beach Group focus: Indian Teacher Introduction 1. Main theme: Themainthemeforthisweekisintroducingchildrentosomeofthechallengesthat
minoritygroupsinAustraliaface,andemphasizingtheongoingthemeofnotmakingassumptionsaboutothersbasedonculturalstereotypes.Thisstoryenablesstudentstotaketheperspectiveofachildwhohasexperienceddiscriminationandidentifysomeofthebarrierstoinclusionthatshefaces.
2. Why we chose the topic: Itiscrucialforchildrentorecognisethatdiscriminationhaslong-termharmfuleffects.Peersfromminoritybackgroundsmayfeelasenseofthreatthatmakesthemworry.Childrenwhorecognisetheexistenceofdiscriminationarebetterequippedtoincludeothersandmakethemfeelwelcome.
3. Take-away message: Thetakeawaymessageisthatitishardtobeamemberofagroupthatexperiencesdiscrimination.Ifweallworktogethertomakesurethatnewcomersfeelwelcome,wecanmakelifeinAustraliaeasierandmorefun.
Student Interpretations 1. What happened in the story? WejustheardthisstoryaboutAshna,Chandani,andJo.What
happenedinthisstory? 2. What did you choose to have happen? DidyouchoosetohaveAshnagooverandplaywith
JoorstaywithChandani?Whydidyoumakethisdecision?
Student Emotions/Motivations Attributions (Perspectives of Ashna, Chandani, and Jo) 1. Perspective 1:
a. WhatdidAshnathinkaboutgoingovertobuildsandcastleswithJo?WhydidAshnathinkthat?b. HowmightAshnafeelifshewentovertoplaywithJo?HowmightAshnafeelifshestayedwithChandani?
2. Perspective 2: a. WhatdidChandanithinkaboutgoingovertobuildsandcastleswithJo?WhydidChandanithinkthat?b. HowmightChandanifeelifAshnawentovertoplaywithJo?HowmightChandanifeelifAshnastayed
withheranddidn’tplaywithJo?3. Perspective 3:
a. WhatdoyouthinkJowantedAshnaandChandanitodo?WhydidJowantthemtodothat?b. HowmightJofeeliftheyjoinedher?HowmightJofeeliftheydidn’tjoinher?
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Student Evaluations of the Characters’ Choices 1. Evaluation of choice: DoyouthinkitwouldbeOK/notOKforChandanitosaythatAshnashouldn’t
playwithJobecause,inChandani’sexperience,AussiekidsonlyliketoplaywithAussiekids?Whydoyouthinkit’sOK/notOK?
Guided Interpretations: Suggestions for Teacher-Led Discussions 1. Teacher reiteration of main message:Themainthemeforthisweekwastothinkabouthow
peoplefromcertainculturalgroupsaresometimestreatedverybadly.Peopledon’ttrustthemanddon’twanttobefriendswiththem.Thisisnotafairthingtodo,anditcanreallyhurtkidsfromthesegroups.TheystarttothinkthatAustraliansarenotfriendly,andtheygetnervousaboutbeingtreatedbadlyagain.
2. What did we learn?: LotsofAustralians,likeJo,areveryhappytomeetpeoplefromotherculturalbackgrounds.Joknewthatmosteveryonelikesbuildingsandcastlesatthebeach,andshesawachancetoinviteAshnaandChandanitohavefunwithher.EventhoughChandaniwasworried,intheend,shehadagreattime!Wecanalldothingslikethistomakesurethateveryonefeelswelcomehere.
3. Probing children’s identification of themes: DoyouthinkAshnawouldbebetteroffifshehadlistenedtohersisterandstayedawayfromJo,orgoneovertoseeforherself?Howmightshebebetteroff?DoyouthinkChandaniwillbeworriedaboutplayingwithotherAussiekidsnow,orwillshefeelbetteraboutmakingfriends?
Solutions 1. Enabling children to identify with the activities of the context
a. Haveyoueverbeentothebeach?Whatgroupsofpeopledidyouseethere?b. Didyounoticethatcertainculturalgroupsonlydidcertainthings,ordideveryonedosimilarthings?
2. Have you ever experienced this? a. Hasanyoneeverwarnedyouaboutplayingwithpeoplefromanotherculturalbackground?Wheredoyouthinktheygotthatidea?
b. Howdiditmakeyoufeeltohearthat?3. Bystander roles:
a. Ifyouseethatsomeoneisnervousaboutjoininganactivitywithpeoplefromanotherculturalbackground,whatcouldyoudoaboutit?
b. Nowthatyou’veheardaboutJo,Chandani,andAshna,whatnewideasdoyouhaveforhowwecanallmakesurethateveryonefeelswelcomeinAustralia?
4. Challenging unfair actions of in-group: a. Haveyoueverheardanyonesaysomethingnegativeaboutpeopleofanotherculturalgroup?Howcouldyouhelpthemrealisehowharmfulthatis?
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Week 6 Setting: The park Group focus: Indonesian Teacher Introduction 1. Main theme: Themainthemeforthisweekisstandingupforsomeonewhoisthebuttofajokeorthe
targetofbullying.Standingupforothersenablesstudentstobuildastrongerpeercommunity,andensurethateveryoneisabletolearnandplay.
2. Why we chose the topic: Thistopicisimportanttodiscusswithchildrenbecauseithighlightstheimportanceofbystandersinchallengingbullyingandtargetedexclusion.Mostchildrenrecognisethatbullyingiswrong,butfewerseetheimportanceofbystandersinstoppingit,andfewerstillunderstandtheappropriatewaystointervene.Gettingchildrentorecognisetheobligationthatbystandershavetointervene,andtheappropriatewaystodoso,iscriticaltominimisingtheharmfuleffectsofbullying.
3. Take-away message: Thetakeawaymessageistorealisethatbystandersplayacriticalroleinwhetherbullyingandtargetedexclusioncontinuesornot.Whenwitnessingbullyingortargetedexclusion,thereareanumberofthingsthatchildrencandotostoporpreventbullyingfromhappening,includingstandingupforthevictimisedpeer,and,ifthatdoesnotwork,contactingateacherorauthoritymember.
Student Interpretations 1. What happened in the story? SowejustheardthisstoryaboutJayden,Tyler,Lucas,Brian,and
Adi.Whathappenedinthisstory? 2. What did you choose to have happen? DidyouchoosetohavethemstickupforAdiorwalk
awayandsaynothingaboutit?Whydidyoumakethisdecision?
Student Emotions/Motivations Attributions (Perspectives of Adi, Brian, and Lucas): 1. Perspective 1:
a. WhatdidLucasandBrianthinkaboutlettingAdiwing?Whydidtheythinkthat?b. HowmightLucasandBrianfeelifJadenandTylerstickupforAdi?Doyouthinktheymightfeelguilty
aboutwhattheydid?c. HowmightLucasandBrianfeelifJadeandTylerjustwalkawayanddon’tstickupforAdi?Doyou
thinktheywouldrealisewhatthey’vedone,orwilltheyjustkeepswingingandforgetwhattheydidtoAdi?
2. Perspective 2: a. WhatdidJadenandTylerthinkaboutwhatLucasandBriandidtoAdi?Whydidtheythinkthat?b. HowmightJadenandTylerfeeliftheystickupforAdi?HowmightJadenandTylerfeeliftheyjust
walkawaydon’tstandupforAdi?3. Perspective 3:
a. WhatdoyouthinkAdiwantedtodo?WhydidAdiwanttodothat?
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b. HowmightAdifeelifJadenandTylerstuckupforhimandgothimaturnontheswings?HowmightAdifeelifJadenandTylerjustwalkedawayanddidn’tstandupforhim?
Student Evaluations of the Characters’ Choices 1. Evaluation of negative choice: DoyouthinkitwouldbeOK/notOKforJadenandTylertojust
walkawayandnotsayanythingtoLucasandBrian?Whydoyouthinkit’sOK/notOK? 2. Evaluation of positive choice: DoyouthinkitwouldbeOK/notOKforJadenandTylertostand
uptoLucasandBrianforAdi?Whydoyouthinkit’sOK/notOK?
Guided Interpretations: Suggestions for Teacher-Led Discussions 1. Teacher reiteration of main message:So,themainthemeforthisweekwastothinkabouthow
importantitistostickupforpeerswhoarebeingbullied.Oftentimes,bullieswillstoppickingonsomeoneiftheirfriendsorgroupmemberstellthemtostopandthatwhatthey’redoingiswrong.
2. What did we learn?: Thisweekwelearnedabouthow,bynotstandingupforsomeonewhoisbeingbullied,youareallowingthebullyingtocontinue.IfJadenandTylerdidn’tsaysomething,LucasandBrianwouldkeepbullyingAdi.Bystandinguptothem,JadenandTylerhadanopportunitytohelpLucasandBrianrecognisethatwhattheyweredoingwasn’tfunny–itwaswrong.ThebestthingtheycouldhavedonewastotalktoLucasandBrianaboutwhattheyweredoingandtrytogetthemtoseewhyitwaswrong.
3. Probing children’s identification of themes: WhatdoyouthinkJadenandTylercouldhavesaidtoLucasandBriantogetthemtorecognisewhyitwaswrongtosaythosethingstoAdi?
Solutions 1. Enabling children to identify with the activities of the context
a. Haveyoueverbeentoaparkbefore?Whatkindsofthingsdoyouliketodoatthepark?2. Have you ever experienced this?
a. Haveyoueverbeentoldthatyoucouldn’tplayonsomeoftheequipmentbefore?Howdidyoufeelwhenyouweretoldyoucouldn’tplay?
b. Haveyouevernoticedsomeoneelsebeingtoldthattheycouldn’tplayonsomeoftheequipmentbefore?Howdoyouthinkitmadethemfeel?
3. Challenging unfair actions of in-group: a. Haveyoueverseenorheardoneofyourfriendsbullyingorexcludingsomeoneelse?
4. Bystander roles: a. Ifyouseesomeonebeingbulliedorexcluded,whatcouldyoudoaboutit?b. Howdoyouthinkyouwouldgoaboutchangingsomeone’smindtogetthemtoseethatbullyingisn’t
coolorfunny?
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Week 7 Setting: Football Group focus: Gender Teacher Introduction 1. Main theme: Themainthemeforthisweekisgettingstudentstoexpandtheirawarenessofexclusion
andrecognisethatabilityisnotlimitedbygender.Racial,ethnic,andculturalexclusionarethemainfocusonthisapp,butgender-basedstereotypesandexclusionarealsowidespreadinchildhoodandadulthood.
2. Why we chose the topic: Thistopicisimportanttodiscusswithchildrenbecauseitillustrateshowstereotypescancropupinmanycontexts,providinganopportunityforchildrentoconnecttheirdevelopingawarenessofracialstereotypestobroaderissuesofdiscrimination.Thisstorydepictsanindividuallearningfirsthandthattheirgenderstereotypesaboutgirlswerewrong,andhighlightshoweveryonedeservesachance.
3. Take-away message: Thetakeawaymessageisthatyouneverknowwhatpeoplearecapableofuntilyougivethemachancetoshowwhattheycando.Makingassumptionsaboutwhatotherscandobasedontheirgendermayevenmeanlosingoutonavaluableandtalentedfriendorteammember.
Student Interpretations 1. What happened in the story? WejustheardthisstoryaboutBrandon,Nico,andSarah.What
happenedinthisstory? 2. What did you choose to have happen? DidyouchoosetohaveBrandonpickSarahfortheir
team,orpickanotherboy?Whydidyoumakethisdecision?
Student Emotions/Motivations Attributions (Perspectives of Nico, Brandon, and Sarah) 1. Perspective 1:
a. WhatdidNicothinkaboutpickingSarahfortheirteam?Whydidhethinkthat?b. HowmightNicofeelifBrandonpickedSarah?HowmightNicofeelifBrandonpickedsomeoneelse?
2. Perspective 2: a. WhatdidBrandonthinkaboutpickingSarahfortheirteam?Whydidhethinkthat?
3. Perspective 3: a. WhatdoyouthinkSarahwantedtohappen?WhydidSarahwantthattohappen?b. HowmightSarahfeelifsheknewBrandondidn’twanttopickherjustbecauseshe’sagirl?How
mightSarahfeelifsheknewNicowantedtopickherbecauseshe’sgoodatfootball?
Student Evaluations of the Characters’ Choices 1. Evaluation of negative choice: DoyouthinkitwouldbeOK/notOKforBrandontorefusetopick
Sarahbecauseshe’sagirl?Whydoyouthinkit’sOK/notOK?
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2. Evaluation of positive choice: DoyouthinkitwouldbeOK/notOKforBrandontolistentoNico,whoknowsthatSarahisgreatatfootball?Whydoyouthinkit’sOK/notOK?
Guided Interpretations: Suggestions for Teacher-Led Discussions 1. Teacher reiteration of main message: Themainthemeforthisweekthatgenderdoesn’ttell
youwhatapersonisgoodat.Wehavebeentalkingaboutgettingtoknowpeopleandnotmakingguessesaboutwhatthey’relikebasedontheircultureorwherethey’refrom,butthereareotherkindsofassumptionsthatpeoplemaketoo,includinggenderstereotypes.
2. What did we learn?: Thisweekwelearnedabouthow,bymakinganassumptionaboutwhatSarahcoulddo,Brandonmissedoutonavaluableandtalentedteammember.LikeNico,weknowthatgirlscanbeverygoodatfootball.It’spracticethatmakespeoplegoodfootballplayers,notgender.So,whenwegotochoosepeopleforourteam,orevenjustchoosepeopletohangoutwith,it’simportanttofindoutwhatthey’rereallylikeandnotmakeguessesbasedonwhattheylooklikeorwhetherthey’reagirloraboy.Youneverknowwhatpeoplearecapableofuntilyougivethemachancetoshowwhattheycando.
3. Probing children’s identification of themes: Whydidn’tBrandonlistentoNicowhenhesaidthatSarahwasreallyquickandplaysfootballalotontheweekends?DoyouthinkBrandonstillthinksgirlsarenotgoodatfootball,ordidSarahchangehismind?
Solutions 1. Enabling children to identify with the activities of the context
a. Doyouplayanysports?What’smostimportantwhenyou’repickingteams?2. Have you ever experienced this?
a. Haveyoueverbeentoldthatyoucouldn’tplayorleftbehindfromagamejustbecauseyou’reagirlorjustbecauseyou’reaboy?
b. Howdidyoufeelthen?3. Challenging unfair actions of in-group:
a. Haveyouheardanyotherthingsaboutwhatboysaregoodatorwhatgirlsaregoodat?Whosaysthesethings?Doyouthinkthosearealwaystrue?
b. Whatcouldyousaytoapersonwhohadastereotypeaboutwhatgirlsorboysaregoodatornotgoodat?
4. Bystander roles:
Ifyouseesomeonebeingexcludedfromagamebecauseoftheirgenderortheirrace,whatcouldyoudoaboutit?
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Week 8 Setting: TV show Group focus: Vietnamese
Teacher Introduction 1. Main theme: ThemainthemeforthisweekisrecognisinghowdifferentrolesinmoviesandTVshows
canbeharmfultoothers.2. Why we chose the topic: Thistopicisimportanttodiscusswithchildrenbecauseimplicitand
explicitmediamessagesaboutgroupsofpeopleareeverywhereintoday’ssociety.Helpingchildrenrecogniseandchallengeharmfulbiasesinthemediacanenablethemtomakepositivechoiceswiththeirmediacontent.
3. Take-away message: Thetakeawaymessageistorecognisehowbiasesinthemediacanbeharmfultoothers,andtothinkaboutwhatchildrencandotoavoidcontributingtothosebiases.
Student Interpretations 1. What happened in the story? SowejustheardthisstoryaboutGeorgeandBin.Whathappenedin
thisstory? 2. What did you choose to have happen? DidyouchoosetohaveGeorgetellBinhnottobesilly,
thatit’sjustashow,ordidyouchoosetohaveGeorgeaskwhyBinhdoesn’tliketheshow?Whydidyoumakethisdecision?
Student Emotions/Motivations Attributions (Perspectives of George and Binh) 1. Perspective 1:
a. WhatdidGeorgethinkabouttheTVshow?WhatdidGeorgethinkaboutwhyBinhdidn’tliketheTVshow?Whydidhethinkthat?
b. HowmightGeorgefeelifhetalkstoBinhandBinhsayshedoesn’twanttowatchtheshow?HowmightGeorgefeelifhetellsBinhtostopbeingsillyandthatheknowsBinhisn’tlikethat?
2. Perspective 2: a. WhatdidBinhthinkabouttheTVshow?Whydidhethinkthat?b. HowmightBinhfeelifGeorgetalkstohimabouttheshowandaskswhyhe’supsetbyit?Howmight
BinhfeelifGeorgetellshimtostopbeingsillyandthatheknowsBinhisn’tlikethat.
Student Evaluations of the Characters’ Choices 1. Evaluation of negative choice: DoyouthinkitwouldbeOK/notOKforGeorgetotellBinhto
stopbeingsillyandthatheknowsBinhisn’tlikethat?Whydoyouthinkit’sOK/notOK? 2. Evaluation of positive choice: DoyouthinkitwouldbeOK/notOKforGeorgetotalktoBinh
abouttheshowandaskswhyhe’supsetbyit?Whydoyouthinkit’sOK/notOK?
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Guided Interpretations: Suggestions for Teacher-Led Discussions 1. Teacher reiteration of main message: So,themainthemeforthisweekwastothinkabout
howdifferentrolesinTVshowsandmoviescanmakeotherpeoplefeelandwhatwecandotounderstandtheirperspectivebetter.
2. What did we learn?: Thisweekwelearnedabouthow,byalwayshavingVietnamesepeopleportrayedasthebadguys,Binhfeltuncomfortablewiththeshow.Wealsolearnedhow,byaskingBinhaboutwhyhedoesn’tliketheshow,ratherthanjusttellinghimnottobesilly,GeorgewasabletoseewhytheshowwashurtfultoBinh.
3. Probing children’s identification of themes: WhatdoyouthinkaboutdifferentrolesinTVshowsandmovies?WhatdoyouthinkisthebestthingthatGeorgecouldhavedonetomakesurethathisfriend,Binh,hadagoodtime,too?
Solutions 1. Enabling children to identify with the activities of the context
a. WhataresomeofyourfavoriteTVshowsandmovies?Whoarethemaincharacters,good“guys”andbad“guys”?
b. HaveyouevernoticedthatthesamegroupsofpeopletendtobecastforthepositiveandnegativerolesinTVshowsandmovies?
2. Have you ever experienced this? a. HaveyouevernoticedthatagroupthatyoubelongtowascastasthevillainsinaTVshowormovie?
Howdidthismakeyoufeel?b. Haveyouevernoticedthatafriendofyourswasthesameethnicorculturalgroupthatwasbeing
negativelyportrayedinaTVshowormovie?3. Challenging biased messages:
a. Whatcanyoudotomakesurethatyourfriendsdon’tfeeluncomfortablebecauseofhowtheirgroupisportrayedinTVshowsormoviesthatyou’rewatching?
b. Isitenoughtojustnotwatchtheshowaroundthem,ordoyouthinkthatitwouldbeworthittostopwatchingtheshowaltogether?
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Vocabulary Word Bank Thefollowingisalistofwordsthatreflectcentralconceptsandthemesthatarisewhendiscussingprejudiceandbiaswithchildren.Discussingtheseconceptscanhelptoestablishasharedclassroomvocabularyaroundissuesofracialexclusionandinclusion.Eachwordisaccompaniedbyadefinitionandanexamplefromoneofthestoriesintheapp. Discrimination: Discriminationmeansdenyingsomeonetheopportunitytodosomethingsolelybecauseoftheirrace,gender,religion,ornationality.Discriminatingagainstsomeonemakesthepersonfeelbadespeciallybecausethereisnothingthattheydidtodeservebadtreatment.
Exampleintheapp:LucasandBrianwerediscriminatingagainstAdibynotlettinghimplayontheswingsjustbecausehewasfromadifferentbackgroundfromthem.Fortunately,LucasandBrianstuckupforAdi. Empathy: Empathymeansidentifyingwithwhatsomeoneelseisgoingthrough.Havingempathymeanstakingthetimetothinkaboutthefeelings,thoughts,andattitudesofanotherperson.
Exampleintheapp:WhenJadenandTylerstuckupforAdiontheplayground,theywereshowingempathybecausetheythoughtaboutwhatAdiwasfeelinganddecidedtomakesurethathegotachanceontheswingslikeeveryoneelse. Equality: Equalityreferstotheequaltreatmentofothers.Treatingothersequallymeansunderstandingthatitwouldbewrongtogivesomepeoplespecialopportunitiesthataremeantforeveryonetohave.
Exampleintheapp:WhenChandanisaidthatotherAustralianchildrenhadtoldherthattheydidn’twanttoplaywithherbecauseshewasdifferentsheexperiencedunequaltreatmentfromothers.HersisterAshnahadapositiveexperienceplayingwithJowhichhelpedhersistertofeelbetteraboutmakingnewfriendsandtoseethattherearechildrentheiragewhotreatothersequally.
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Vocabulary Word Bank Fairness: Fairnessmeanstreatingeveryonejustlybasedontheirabilitiesandneeds.Issuesoffairnessoftencomeupwhenpeoplemakedecisionsabouthowtodivideupresourcesoropportunities,suchastoystoplaywithorwhogetstoplayonasportsteamorwhogetsnewschoolsupplies.Beingfairmeansnotfavouringonepersonoveranotherwheneveryonedeservesthesameopportunity.
Exampleintheapp:WhenNicosaidthatSarahwouldbeagoodpersontohaveontheirfootballteambecausebothboysandgirlsshouldhaveachancehewastalkingaboutfairness;treatingotherplayersbasedontheirabilities,nottheirgender. Mutual Respect: Mutualrespectreferstowhenindividualsrespecteachother’sgoals,desires,andvalues,andunderstandthateveryoneisentitledtotheirownbeliefs,aslongastheseopinionsarenotintentionallyharmfultoothers.Mutualrespectdoesn’thavetomeanthateveryoneagrees,butitmeansthatindividualsexpressingdifferentviewpointstreateachotherwithfairnessandrespect.
Exampleintheapp:WhenMaggieandChloeletKalaauditionforthedanceteam,theywereshowing
mutualrespect,becausetheyrespectedthefactthatshedanceddifferentlythantheydid,andintheend,theygottolearnsomethingnewfromher. Prejudice: Prejudicemeans“pre-judging”inawaythatisunfairtoothers,suchasexpectingthatsomeonewilllackcertaintraits,talents,abilities,andinterestsbasedsolelyontheirgroupmembership,suchasgender,race,religion,orculture.It’sunfairtoassumethatsomeonelackstalentsjustbecauseofthewaythattheylook.
Exampleintheapp:BeforeMaggieandChloeletKalaauditionforthedanceteam,theywereactinginaprejudicialwaybecausetheythoughtherstyleofdancewouldnotbegoodjustbecauseshewasfromadifferentbackground.Butoncetheygaveherachance,theyrealisedtheywerewrong.
Racism: Racismmeansbelievingthatpeoplefromoneraceorethnicityarebetterthanpeoplefromotherracesorethnicities.Beingracistmeansnotlikingpeoplejustbecausetheyareofacertainethnicheritageandtreatingtheminanunkindandunfairmanner.
Exampleintheapp:Unfortunately,racismappearsinmanyplacesinsociety;itcanalsoappearonTV.GeorgeandBinhsawashowthatwasracistbecauseitmadefunofpeoplebecauseofthewaythattheylook.BinhhelpedGeorgetoseehowpeoplefromminoritybackgroundsareoftenshowninanegativeway,creatinghurtfulfeelingsbythosewhoidentifywiththegroupthatistargeted.
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Vocabulary Word Bank Social Exclusion: Socialexclusionmeansshuttingsomeoneoutfromanopportunity,suchaswhenagroupofchildrenexcludesomeonefromanactivityforunfairreasons.Sometimesexclusionoccursoutoffearofsomeonenewwhomightwanttodothingsdifferently,creatingunnecessarymistrust.Learningnewwaysofdoingthingscanbeaverypositiveexperience,though.Itcanalsobeawaytodiscovernewthingsabouttheworldaroundyou.
Exampleintheapp:Atfirst,ConnorandMattwerebeingexclusivetowardsBlakebecausehewasnewandtheythoughthemightnotlikethesamethingsthattheyenjoyed;butintheendtheyrealisedthatbyincludingBlaketheyhadmorefun.
Social Inclusion: Socialinclusionmeansbeingopenandcuriousaboutotherswithadesiretoincludepeopleintoanactivityoranopportunity.Beinginclusivemeanslookingforwardtomakingfriendswithpeoplewhomighthaveanotherperspective.
Exampleintheapp:WhenChristy,Miranda,andImogeninvitedLanfentothefunpark,theywerebeinginclusive,becausetheydecidedtohavefunandsharetheirspecialtripwithsomeonenew. Tolerance: Tolerancemeansrecognisingthatmanycultureshavedifferenttraditions,customs,andconventions,andthatdiversityofthistypecanbesomethingtocelebrateandenjoy.Beingtolerantmeansthatyourecognisethatpeopleofdifferentethnicities,religions,orbeliefscanbefriends,sharegoals,andhavecommonvalues.
Exampleintheapp:WhenMadhihelpedSalseethatJameswouldbeagreatpersontohaveathisbirthdayparty,hewashelpinghisfriendbetolerant.
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Suggested Readings about Prejudice in Childhood Academic articles and books: Cameron, L., Rutland, A., & Brown, R. (2007). Promoting children’s positive intergroup attitudes towards stigmatized groups:
Extended contact and multiple classification skills training. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31, 454–466. doi:10.1177/0165025407081474
Juvonen, J., Nishina, A., & Graham, S. (2006). Ethnic diversity and perceptions of safety in urban middle schools.
Psychological Science, 17, 393–400. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01718.x Killen, M., Elenbaas, L., Rizzo, M. T., & Rutland, A. (in press). The role of group
processes in social exclusion and resource allocation decisions. In A. Rutland, D. Nesdale, & C. Spears Brown (Eds.), Handbook of group processes in children and adolescents. New York, NY: Wiley.
Killen, M., Elenbaas, L., & Rutland, A. (2015). Balancing the fair treatment of others while preserving group identity and autonomy. Human Development, 58, 253–272. doi: 10.1159/00044415
Killen, M., & Rutland, A. (2011). Children and social exclusion: Morality, prejudice, and group identity. Wiley-Blackwell. doi:
10.1002/9781444396317 Killen, M., Rutland, A., & Ruck, M. (2011). Promoting equity, tolerance, and justice in childhood. Social Policy Report:
Sharing Child and Youth Development Knowledge, 25, 1–33. Nesdale, D. (2008). Social identity development and children’s ethnic attitudes in Australia. In S. M. Quintana & C. McKown
(Eds.), Handbook of race, racism, and the developing child. (pp. 313–338). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Nesdale, D., Maass, A., Durkin, K., & Griffiths, J. (2005). Group norms, threat, and children’s racial prejudice. Child
Development, 76, 652–63. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00869.x
AdditionalmaterialsandcurriculumideasareavailableattheTeachingTolerancewebsite:www.teachingtolerance.org
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