Tdc 1 moodle- class 3

TDC 1Pedagogical GrammarClass 3

Parts of Speech - Review

In pairs, list the eight parts of speech we have talked about, define each and give an example.

Review – Page 63

Exercises

• Nouns - Workbook Pages 38 - 41• Verbs – Workbook Pages 41 - 47• Pronouns – Workbook Pages 48 - 49• Adjectives – Workbook Pages 49 - 51• Adverbs – Workbook Pages 51 - 53• Conjunctions – Workbook Page 55 - 57• Prepositions – Workbook Pages 57 - 59• Review – pages 60 - 61

Now, let’s check our answers for Task 2

Count and non-count nouns

1. What is the difference between count and non-count nouns?2. What must all singular count nouns have?3. According to Folse, when do most ELLs mistakenly omit the indefinite article?4. Are there any exceptions to the rule described in question 2?5. What is a determiner? What types of determiners are there?6. Is there a way to predict whether a given word is count or non-count?

Explain it.7. Is there a way to predict whether a given word is count or non-count?

Explain it. Should this information be included in a beginning lesson about non-count nouns? Why (not)?

8. How do we quantify non-count nouns? Exemplify.9. What quantifiers are easier for ELLs? What quantifiers are more difficult?

Why?10. To ask about the quantity of a noun, English uses two question phrases.

What are they? How similar are they to other languages? Is the distinction between the two question phrases used in English easy for all ELLs to learn?

11. In what situations is "much" used? How does it differ from the use of "many"?

12. What is the distinction between "I have a few friends" and "I have few friends"? How can this distinction be explained to ELLs?

When I read Shakespeare - D.H. Lawrence When I read Shakespeare I am struck with (1) wonderThat such trivial people should muse and thunderIn such lovely (2) language. Lear, the old buffer, you wonder his (3) daughtersDidn’t treat him rougherthe (4) chough, the old chuffer! And Hamlet, how boring, how boring to live with,So mean and self-conscious blowing and snoringHis wonderful (5) speeches, full of other folks’ whoring! And Macbeth and his (6) Lady, who should have been choring,Such suburban (7) ambition, so messily goringold Duncan with (8) daggers!How boring, how small Shakespeare’s (9) people are!Yet the language so lovely! Like the dyes from (10) gas-tar.

Word Forms

Parts of Speech - Uses

Verbs a verb shows action or being

(existence) The verb is the heart of the sentence

Group 1 – page 64Group 2 – page 47 – 48Group 3 – page 48 – 49Group 4 – page50Group 5 – page 51

Parts of Speech - Uses Nouns – Subject / Direct Object / Indirect Object / Subject or

Object Complement / Object of Preposition Pronouns – Subject / Direct Object / Indirect Object / Subject or

Object Complement / Object of Preposition Adjectives – Modifying Noun or Pronoun/ Subject Complement /

Object Complement Verbs – Predicate

Adverbs – Modifying Verb/ Modifying Adjective / Modifying Adverb / Modifying Passages

Prepositions – Introducing Prepositional Phrases

Conjunctions – Coordinating: Joining Words, Phrases or Clauses of Equal Rank / Subordinating: Joining Clauses

Interjections – Showing Emotion

Phrases, Clauses and Sentences

• A phrase consists of one or more words.

• A clause consists of one or more phrases.

• A sentence consists of one or more clauses.

• A word is the smallest element that may be uttered in isolation with semantic or pragmatic meaning.

• Based on the entries above, come up with your own definition of the terms phrase, clause and sentence.

Phrases, Clauses and Sentences• A phrase is a group of words (or sometimes a

single word) that form a constituent and so function as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence.

Examples:

The very rare volume of the collection that she was looking for so desperately was Woodland Ecology.

All the underlined forms are phrases.Different colors indicate different types of phrases.

Types of Phrases

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Preposition

The very rare volume of the collection that she was looking for so desperately was Woodland Ecology.

Identify the types of phrases in the following sentence:

Noun Phrase - NP

A phrase whose head is a noun:NOUN

IappleItalycheese

(determiner)(modifier) (modifier)

the red in my bag

NP =

beautiful

some on my pasta

Verb Phrase - VPA phrase whose head is a verb:

VERBateeatensleeping

VP = (auxiliary)

could have

were

Prepositional Phrase - PPA phrase whose head is a preposition:

prep +forunderby

PP = NP

me

the bedmy most favorite Hollywood actor

Adjective Phrase - AdjPA phrase whose noun is an adjective:

adjectivegorgeousunpleasant

AdjP = (modifier)

very

Adverb Phrase (AdvP)A phrase whose head is an adverb:

adverbmerrilyslowly

AdvP = (modifier)

very

Clauses• A clause is the smallest grammatical unit that

can express a complete proposition.

• A clause is a group of words that require both a subject AND a conjugated verb (predicate).

I love chocolate.

because it makes me happy

S

S

V

V

ClausesINDEPENDENT x DEPENDENT

I love chocolate because it makes me happy.

Independent clause: It’s a clause that nad stand alone without being subordinate to another clause. It’s also known as main clause.

Dependent clause: It’s a type of clause that is subordinated to an independent clause. Also known as subordinate clause.

IndependentMain

DependentSubordinate

Types of dependent clauses:

Noun:

Adjective: Adverb:

I don’t know who wrote it.

She’s the girl who sent him that weird e-mail.

The package arrived before Mark had the chance to leave.

Phrases, Clauses and Sentences

• A sentence is a grammatical unit expressing an independent statement , question, request, etc, often preceded and followed in speech by pauses.

Example:

The very rare volume of the collection that she was looking for so desperately was Woodland Ecology.

Sentences

A sentence may appear in any lenght. All of the examples below are sentences. Compare:

Look!Don’t go.I love chocolate.My husband and I have three cats.Driving too fast isn’t advisable because it can result in a serious accident.How many times have I told you that you can’t bring your friends here unless you check with me first?

Sentences may contain multiple phrases and clauses.Sentences must have full punctuation.

Phrases, Clauses and Sentences

Can clauses or phrases be sentences?Yes, if they have a conjugated verb and complete punctuation:Example:

look This is a verb phrase, but if we are using the imperative, it is also a clause because, in this case, it also have a subject.

If you add the punctuation, Look!

the verb phrase/independent clause becomes a sentence.

Sentences• A sentence is a grammatical unit expressing an

independent statement , question, request, etc, often preceded and followed in speech by pauses.

1. Simple2. Compound3. Complex4. Compound-

complex

_____ Washington died before Lincoln was born, so these two famous citizens never met each other. _____ Washington died in 1799, and Lincoln was born in 1809._____ Washington died before Lincoln was born._____ Washington was the first U.S. president.

1

2

3

4

Sentences1) A simple sentence... ... has one independent clause.

2) A compound sentence... ... contains two independent clauses.

3) A complex sentence... ... has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

4) A compound-complex sentence... ... contains two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

HomeworkBook:- Pages 64 – 73 (Self-study)

“Basic Grammar Labels for Sentence Structures”

- Pages 193 – 200 (Self-study) “Adjective Clauses and Reductions”

Workbook:

- Pages 63 – 76 (Self-study) “Adjctive Clauses and Reductions”

- Pages 162 – 165 (Self-study) “Adjctive Clauses and Reductions”

Moodle Week

3) Graded Exercise• Parts of Speech• Verb Tenses• Phrases

2) Basic Grammar Labels for Sentence Structure• Subject, Predicate• Phrases, Clauses and Sentences• Verb Transitivity• Objects

1) Grammar Key 9• Adjective Clauses and

Reductions