TCFS Environments Report: Sustainable Cities

Simon Budiman Widjaja

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� �  Introduction…………4 �  Food…………9

�  Organic vs. Non-Organic Food…………10 �  Packaging and Waste…………28 �  Energy…………33 �  Water…………35

� Business…………36 �  Oxfam Shop…………37 �  Oxfam…………43 �  Oxfam Unwrapped…………46 �  Sustainable Business or NGO in Indonesia

PT. Tjiwi Kimia – Asia Pulp Paper…………49

Table of Contents

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� � Buildings…………55

�  60L Building…………56 � Energy Efficient Building in Indonesia…………62

Graha Kirana Megah (GKM) Tower � Acknowlegement…………65 � Bibliography…………67

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� � What is Environmentally Sustainable Development

(ESD)? Is is the development/ progress without harming and damaging the environment and the resource base (biosphere). ESD also underlines how important it is to maintain the quality of life and the environment, and also to maintain the resource base for future generations. ESD also focuses on gaining maximum profit without harming the environment.

Introduction

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� Until now, about 50% of the world’s population is living in cities and this number is increasing. However cities also requires a huge amount of energy and produce a very large amount of carbon emissions has great environmental impacts. Other than that big cities, although only occupies 2% of land can consume up to 75% of the world’s resources. One reason that many people move and live in cities is that to pursue a better quality of life, but if cities cannot have balance between how it runs and the environmental impacts this can be a bad thing. That is why cities should aim to be sustainable, as cities is where people can make a difference.

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� � Map

QVM Oxfam Shop 60L Building

Source : Melways

www.street-directory.com.au

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� � The Queen Victoria Market is located 1.4 km North

from Melbourne City Centre (GPO) � The Oxfam Shop is located 2.2 km North from

Melbourne City Centre (GPO) � The 60L Building is located 1.9 km North from

Melbourne City Centre (GPO)

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Figure 2.1 Queen Victoria Market 9

� Organic vs. Non-Organic Foods � Meat Prices

Food : Queen Victoria Market

Hagens Biodynamic Store

Non-Organic Meat Stalls

Porterhouse Steak AU $ 44.80 AU $ 19.99

Lamb Shoulder Rack AU $ 28.00 AU $ 16.00

Rump Steak AU $ 38.00 AU $ 14.99

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Figure 2.2 & 2.3 Porterhouse Steak at Haagens Biodynamic Store

Haagens Biodynamic Store

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Figure 2.4 Lamb Shoulder Rack Figure 2.5 Rump Steak 12

� Non-Organic Meat Stalls

Figure 2.6 Porterhouse Steak

Figure 2.7 Lamb Racks and Rump Steak 13

� � Chicken

�  Free Range Chicken Free Range is the practice of farming where the animals are kept in their own natural conditions, where they are free to move and not confined. The quality of life of the animals is very crucial.

Figure 2.8 Free Range and Organic Eggs a t the Eggporium store

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� �  Benefit of Free Range than Cage-Fed Chicken

�  Health Benefits �  Free range chicken produce eggs which have higher omega-3

fatty acids, folic acid, beta carotene, vitamins E, A, D and B12 �  Free range chicken produce eggs which have lower cholesterol

and saturated fat �  Free range chicken products do not contain added hormones or

antibiotics �  Animal Welfare

�  The chickens are treated humanely �  The chickens are not confined, free to move freely

�  Landscape �  Chickens can eat insects and leftover crops �  Chickens can provide natural fertilizers

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� � Grocery Stall

Things sold : 1.  Bread 2.  Cereals 3.  Jams 4.  Dried Fruit 5.  Milk and Yogurt (Dairy Products) 6.  Wraps 7.  Eggs

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Figure 2.11 Muesli

Figure 2.10 Fruit jam (cherry)

Figure 2.9 Eggs

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Figure 2.14 The Grocery Stall at QVM

Figure 2.13 Food wraps

Figure 2.12 Skim milk

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� � Organic Food Stalls Fruits or

Vegetables Price Origin

Bananas AU $ 5.95 / kg Organic Grown in Australia

Crimson Seedless Grapes

AU $ 7.50 / kg Organic Grown in Australia

Apple Fuji AU $ 6.95 / kg

Organic Grown in Australia

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� Organic Food Stalls

Figure 2.15 Apple Fuji Figure 2.16 Crimson Seedless Grapes

Figure 2.17 Bananas

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� � Non-Organic Food Stalls

Fruits or Vegetables

Price Origin

Bananas AU $ 3.49 / kg

Australia

Grapes AU $ 4.99 / kg Australia

Apple Fuji AU $ 3.99 / kg Australia

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Figure 2.18 Apple Fuji Figure 2.19 Crimson Seedless Grapes

Figure 2.20 Bananas

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� � Invita Café The Invita Café sells vegan, organic, and natural food. They also serve gluten-free and natural foods without using any preservatives and animal products of any kind.

Figure 2.21, 2.22, & 2.23 The Invita Café 23

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Figure 2.24 & 2.25 The invita Café

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� � Benefits of Organic Food

�  For People �  More nutrients �  Better taste �  Safer for babies and children �  Do not contain any chemicals and preservatives

�  For the Environment �  Use safe methods �  Do not harm animals �  Do not harm the environment �  Good for the soil �  Ensures animal welfare and sustainability

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� � Prices of Organic and Non-Organic Foods Organic foods is more expensive than conventional, non-organic foods.

Why? �  Producing organic foods require more effort and labor �  The products produced is not in a very large amount, so it

is hard to keep up with demands �  Higher standards for animal and environmental welfare �  Productivity is inneficient

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� � Benefits of Locally Produced Food

�  For People �  Tastes better (seasonal and fresh) �  Money goes to the farmers �  Money used to strengthen local economy

�  For the Environment �  Use less packaging so less waste produced �  Minimizes food miles so less fossil fuel used and less

greenhouse gas emission �  Less processed

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� Packaging and Waste � Packaging for Shoppers The shoppers at QVM are provided with plastic bags as well as cornstarch bags and paper bags and wraps which are recycle-able and reuse-able, both for the shoppers and the market. The shoppers are also free to take their own bag or container. Now the QVM are going plastic bag free and most of the shops provides only paper bags as packaging.

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Figure 2.26 Cornstarch Bag Figure 2.27 Brown Paper Bags

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� � Cardboard and Polystyrene Waste These kinds materials in QVM are usually used to store fruits and vegetables on the stalls. After used these kinds of waste are collected. Some of them which are still in good conditioned are cleaned and used again. Others are recycled and reused in other ways, could be in QVM and also other places.

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� � Organic Waste Organic waste such as rotten fruits and vegetables are collected separately. These kind of waste can later on be used as fertilizers.

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Figure 2.28 Cardboard and Polystyrene waste Figure 2.29 Organic Waste

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� Energy � Solar Panels

� One of the main source of energy in QVM is solar energy, by using solar panels located in the roofs of the marketplace to generate heat and electricity.

�  1,328 solar panel �  252,000 kilowatt hours of

electricity / year Figure 2.30 Solar panels on the roof of QVM 33

� � Benefits of Solar Energy

�  For People �  Costs less �  Requires little maintenance �  Silent �  Easy

�  For the Environment �  Do not harm the environment �  Reduce carbon footprint �  Solar is a renewable source of energy, will not run out �  Produce no emissions

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� Water � The Rainwater Harvesting Project

� Collecting and recycling rainwater from the roof �  25% less potable water consumption

� Storm Water Quality �  Filters ground water run off � Diversion pits separates clean water to be collected

and contaminating organic materials to the sewers

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Figure 3.1 The Oxfam Shop 36

� Oxfam Shop All the goods sold at the Oxfam Shop are fair trade. �  Benefits of Fair Trade

�  For People �  Increase the income of producers and farmers �  People (farmers) have greater chance to improve their quality of

life �  Consumer awareness of the products that they buy �  Ensure fair price and good working conditions �  No child labor �  Gender equity Women are also encouraged to not only work but also take part in leadership roles and decision making

Business : The Oxfam Shop

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� �  For the Environment

�  Good environmental health and value, does not harm the environment

�  Uses organic and natural methods

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� �  Fair Trade Products

�  Food : Divine Chocolate with Chilli and Orange, 100g �  Origin : Ghana �  Price : AU $ 8.00 �  Ingredients

�  Cocoa beans from Kuapa Kokoo cooperat ive in Ghana

�  Fair trade sugar, cocoa butter, orange and chilli

�  Emulsifier: Soy Lecithin (non GM), fa ir t rade Vanilla

Figure 3.2 Divine Chocolate with Chili and Orange Source : http://www.oxfamshop.org.au/

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� �  Clothing : Krama Traditional

Khmer Scarf, Blue Grey �  Origin : Cambodia �  Price : AU $ 24.95 �  Materials

�  100% hand-woven cotton in blue grey color

�  Additional Info �  Unisex �  A symbol of Khmer heritage in

the Angkor period. �  Handcrafted in rural villages �  Typically worn around the neck,

as bandanas, sun towel, sarongs and to carry children or groceries

�  Hand wash, do not brush and hang dry.

�  160 x 50 cm

Figure 3.3 Krama Traditional Khmer Scarf Source : http://www.oxfamshop.org.au/

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� �  Interior Home Décor : Red

Beaded Abesia Bowl �  Origin : Indonesia �  Price : AU $ 69.95 �  Materials

�  Albesia Wood

�  Additional Info �  Lightweight and durable �  20.5 x 15 cm Figure 3.4 Red Beaded

Abesia Bowl Source : http://www.oxfamshop.org.au/

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� � Packaging for Shoppers

� The Oxfam Shop provides brown paper bags as packaging. Those paper bags are recycled from used paper and can be reused again by both the shop and the shoppers.

� The products packaged with very minimum and effective packaging, while also considering the travel distance and the handling of the products (Oxfam Australia Trading 2013).

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� Oxfam � Vision

Oxfam views that the world should be without poverty, where everyone are valued and treated equally

� Purpose To help create a lasting solution to poverty

� Goals To embrace the positive side to those living in poverty as well as bring out a positive change to poverty

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� � Current Projects One of the Projects that Oxfam is currently ongoing is running is focus of water and sanitation This projects is called Global : Life-Saving Innovation

�  Location : Currently Bangladesh and all over the world �  Bangladesh suffers from flood, storms and tropical cyclones �  Oxfam supports the development water filtration system

called 'Chulli' Water Purifier for individual households � The filter works by passing water through a modified

household stove to heat it, and when used correctly by families has been proven to kill the micro-organisms such as E.coli that cause diarrhoeal disease.

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� � Aim of this Project

�  Develop Oxfam’s WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Innovation Funding) approaches and technologies

�  Develop communities �  Develop evidences and field researches �  Enable a permanent and positive change in water,

sanitation and public health sector

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� Oxfam Unwrapped Oxfam Unwrapped is a project by Oxfam that when a person buys an Oxfam Unwrapped gift, their donation helps life-changing people and conditions worldwide, organized by Oxfam. The person will receive a card explaining how their gift helped others. Each gift has their own theme and projects that they belong to.

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� � Oxfam Unwrapped : Piglet

�  Price / Cost : AU $37.00 �  A pig will help fertilize crops,

breed with other pigs to make baby pigs and get rid of scraps

�  For each donation, a pig will be given to a family in Vietnam

�  Oxfam also provides training on raising and taking care of the pigs Figure 3.5 Oxfam

Unwrapped Gift Card 47

� “Oxfam and its local partners established pig producer women’s groups in Lung Khau Nhin commune, Vietnam. It has proven to be one of our most successful programs in Vietnam, as we help local women learn agricultural techniques, protect their livestock from diseases and keep the area where their pigs live hygienic and clean. The most exciting part about the women’s groups is that members are so proactive in teaching others in their communities how to apply new knowledge and skills, leading to an improved position of women within their families and community.” Grishma Bista, Program Management Coordinator, Oxfam Australia.

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� PT. Tjiwi Kimia – Asia Pulp Paper One of Indonesia’s leading paper manufacturers Paper products : � Uncoated paper � Coated paper � Cast-coated paper � Non-carbon required paper �  Specialty paper � Office paper

Sustainable Business in Indonesia

Figure 3.6 PT. Tjiwi Kimia

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� Tjiwi Kimia is one of the members of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development in Indonesia

Figure 3.7 World Business Council for Sustainable Development Logo

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� How do they look after the people? �  Public Education Program called “Rumah Pintar”

�  Provides education for all through scholarship programs in all level of education (elementary to university)

�  Provides school supplies, facilities and infrastructure, and transportation �  The Facilities are Library, Computer Centre, Audio Visual Centre, Handicraft

Centre, Games Centre, and Angklung Centre �  Health Care Program

�  Focuses on HIV/Aids which started in 2002 �  For people in the workplace and the surrounding community

�  Citra Medika Hospital �  Non-Government C-type plus hospital �  Established Feb 1, 2001 �  Capacity of 110 beds �  For people in the workplace and the surrounding community

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Figure 3.8 Students of “Rumah Pintar” Source : www.tjiwi.co.id

Figure 3.9 PT. Tjiwi K i m i a ’ s H I V / A i d s Health Care Programs Source : www.tjiwi.co.id

Figure 3.10 Citra Medika Hospital Source : www.tjiwi.co.id

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� How to they look after the environment? � Ensures that the company meets the regional, national,

and international standards and regulations � Ensures the main wood materials are from sustainable

forests � Effective and efficient use of materials � Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle �  The pulpwood used are from suppliers that plants more rather

than harvesting tress, so helps increase the national forested area.

�  Built an environmentally friendly Deinking Plant �  Deinking : Removing printing ink from paper fibres of recycled

papers

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�

Figure 3.11 Sustainable Forest Source : www.tjiwi.co.id

Figure 3.12 Environmentally Friendly Deinking Plant Source : www.tjiwi.co.id

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Figure 4.1 The 60L Green Building 55

� 60L Building � Saves Energy

� Uses solar panels and solar energy � Uses individually-controlled air conditioning system � Has a glass atrium in the central part of the building to

maximize natural lighting � Uses chimneys to maximize natural ventilation � Use energy efficient appliances � Use energy efficient lights

Energy Efficient Buildings

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�

Figure 4.2 Glass Atrium Source :http://www.acfonline.org.au

Figure 4.3 Chimneys Source :http://www.acfonline.org.au

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� � Water The 60L Building uses 90% less water than ordinary buildings of the similar size How?

� Waterless urinals � Low flush volume toilet pans � Collects rainwater �  100% on-site treatment � Reusing grey-water (basins and sinks) and black-water

(sewage) for irrigating landscape features and gardens

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�

Figure 4.4 Part of the roof of the 60L Building where rainwater is harvested Source :http://www.acfonline.org.au

Figure 4.5 Water tanks for storing rainwater Source :http://www.acfonline.org.au 59

� � Waste The 60L Building has their own ways on reducing the waste produced How?

�  Compost �  Maximizing the use of old and recycled materials to reduce

waste �  Green Lease

�  An agreement with the tenants to reduce consumption of energy, water and materials, produce less waste and recycle as much as possible

�  Using efficient lighting, turning off appliances, photocopy using reused paper, and recycling

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� �  Materials The materials used in both the exterior and interior part of the 60L Building as well as the things inside the building focuses on minimizing the use and consumption of materials used and maximizing the reuse How?

�  Using recycled materials �  Exposing materials used (piped, bricks, water

tanks, etc.) �  The original building was not bulldozed but

partially dismantled so things could be re-used (timber floor and planks, bricks, glazed partitions and the old building structure)

�  60% of the concrete used was made from crushed concrete from other buildings

�  Windows, doorframes, steel, and carpets were made from recycled materials

�  Uses 50% less PVC than other ordinary buildings of the similar size

Figure 4.6 Recycled timbre from the original building Source : http://www.acfonline.org.au 61

� Graha Kirana Megah (GKM) Tower The Graha Kirana Megah (GKM) Tower is located in TB S i m a t u p a n g R o a d , S o u t h Jakarta, Indonesia

Energy Efficient Building in Indonesia

Figure 4.7 Graha Kirana Megah (GKM) Tower in South Jakarta Source : http://gkmtower.com

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� GKM Tower focuses on making maximum benefit of sustainability How? � Green leads to Efficiency, Efficient leads to Profit

�  Green and Sustainability in the workplace is believed to can improve the productivity and efficiency of workers, at the same time also contributes to the environment

� Health and Sustainability �  Ensures the health of the workers �  Using energy, water and resources in a more efficient way �  Reducing waste and pollution

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� How is the GKM Tower energy efficient? �  Saves Energy

�  Uses renewable energy resources and technologies �  Uses biodiesel and solar energy �  Uses natural lighting �  Uses shading and natural ventilation

�  Water �  Harvests rainwater �  Recycles grey water

�  Waste �  Local garden composting without using any incinerator

�  Materials �  For the building materials; both on the exterior and interior part, uses

low energy consumption equiptments and appliances

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� I would like to thank our Environment and Development course teacher; Jane Sykes, for taking us to the Oxfam Shop, Queen Victoria Market, and the 60L Building, as well as fellow Environment and Development students for accompanying myself on the field trip.

Acknowledgement

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� �  http://www.mosman.nsw.gov.au/environment/sustainability/definition �  http://www.thecrystal.org/why-cities-matter.html �  http://www.civil.hku.hk/cicid/3_events/95/95_ppt_2.pdf �  http://www.unsprawl.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26&Itemid=97 �  http://www.un.org/en/sustainablefuture/cities.shtml �  http://www.freerangechicken.com.au �  http://www.sunrisefarm.net/newsarticles/benefitsoffreerange.html �  http://homeguides.sfgate.com/benefits-freerange-chicken-79307.html �  http://www.invita.com.au �  http://www.thebestofrawfood.com/advantages-of-organic-foods.html �  http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq5/en/ �  https://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/why-buy-locally-grown �  http://www.fair-trade-hub.com/benefits-of-fair-trade.html �  http://www.oxfamshop.org.au �  http://www.oxfam.org.uk/get-involved/philanthropy/donate-to-a-project/take-a-look-at-the-projects/wash-2013 �  http://www.acfonline.org.au/sites/default/files/resources/Detailed_report_on_60L.pdf �  http://www.monash.edu.au/fawb/publications/demo-project-melbourne.pdf �  http://www.acfonline.org.au/about-us/our-home-60l/why-60l-has-unique-green-lease �  http://www.acfonline.org.au/about-us/green-building �  http://www2.acfonline.org.au/category/reduce-waste/blog/melbourne-open-house-weekend-and-greenhome �  http://www.qvm.com.au/about/sustainability/ �  http://www.acfonline.org.au �  http://www.tjiwi.co.id �  http://gkmtower.com �  http://xa.yimg.com

Bibliography

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