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System selection for Stand-alone PV-DG
Hybrid system 2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia
Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
Leonics Co., Ltd. Thailand.
Phone: +66 8 1815 3787/ Email: wuthipong@leonics.com
System selection for SSystem selection for Standtand--alone PValone PV--DG DG
Hybrid system Hybrid system 2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia
Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
Leonics Co., Ltd. Thailand.
Phone: +66 8 1815 3787/ Email: wuthipong@leonics.com
AgendasAgendas-DC and AC coupling PV energy systems
-Efficiency of each type
-Which one is better, DC or AC coupling?
-Load profile impact performance and energy cost
-What is the best solution?
-Real performance from system in operation
-Conclusion
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
General Electrical Power SystemGeneral Electrical Power System
AC SHS
DC coupling Stand Alone
PV-WT Hybrid System
AC coupling Stand Alone
PV-WT Hybrid System
Urban AreaUrban Area
Power SystemPower System
Remote AreaRemote Area
Power SystemPower System
Stand-Alone
PV
Stand-Alone
PV
Stand-Alone
PV Hybrid
Stand-Alone
PV Hybrid
Stand-Alone PV Hybrid Mini-Grid
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
StandStand--alone Hybrid Minialone Hybrid Mini--Grid SystemGrid System
StandStand--alonealone-System is not connected to utility power network
HybridHybrid-The system has more than one type of energy sources
- Diesel fuel by Diesel generator
- Solar energy by PV
- Wind energy by wind turbine
- Hydro energy by Hydro turbine
- Biomass / Biogas energy
MiniMini--GridGrid
-There are group of users or villages who consume power
from the system via local distribution line
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
Why the Hybrid System should be Why the Hybrid System should be
considered to implement? considered to implement?
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
Source: Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2013, IEA
Why the Hybrid System should be considered to implement?
- There are people in remote area live without electricity
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
Simple StandSimple Stand--alone Hybrid Minialone Hybrid Mini--Grid SystemGrid System
One Inverter, One Diesel GeneratorOne Inverter, One Diesel Generator
From 5 kW to 300 kWFrom 5 kW to 300 kW
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
StandStand--Alone PV system Design Concept usingAlone PV system Design Concept using
DC Coupling : PV energy goes into system at DC Bus
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
StandStand--Alone PV system Design Concept usingAlone PV system Design Concept using
Bi-Directional Inverter
Grid Connect Inverter
AC Load
AC Bus
AC Coupling : PV energy goes into system at AC Bus
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
AC Coupling VS DC CouplingAC Coupling VS DC Coupling
AC coupling Stand Alone
PV-WT Hybrid System
Bi-Directional Inverter
Grid Connect Inverter
DC coupling Stand Alone
PV-WT Hybrid System
InverterCharge Controller
AC Load
AC Load
Efficiency from PV to supply load = 96% Efficiency from PV to supply load = 93.1%
96% 95%
98%
Real Load = Load + BDI Loss
Day time system efficiency when PV supply Load
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
Bi-Directional Inverter
Grid Connect Inverter
DC coupling Stand Alone
PV-WT Hybrid System
InverterCharge Controller
AC Load
AC Load
96% 98%
AC Coupling VS DC CouplingAC Coupling VS DC Coupling
90%
90%
95%
82.08% from 100% of PV output
88.20% from 100% of PV output
Day time system efficiency when PV charge battery
Efficiency of PV energy path
to charge Battery = 88.2%
Efficiency of PV energy path
to charge Battery = 82.08%
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
Bi-Directional Inverter
Grid Connect Inverter
DC coupling Stand Alone
PV-WT Hybrid System
InverterCharge Controller
AC Load
AC Load
95%
95%98%
AC Coupling VS DC CouplingAC Coupling VS DC Coupling
95%
95%
88.20% from 100% of PV output
Efficiency from PV to battery and
Back to supply load = 74.07%
Efficiency from PV to battery and
Back to supply load = 79.6%
Night time system overall efficiency when battery supply load
82.08% from 100% of PV output
95%
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
- Both of them are good in different time
- DC coupling is better when PV is used to charge battery
- AC coupling is better when PV is used to direct supply
load
- DC or AC coupling which one is better should be
effected by Load profile that the PV system operates.
System
Efficiency
Day time
charge in to
Battery
Day time supply
to Load
Night time round
trip supply load
DC Coupling 88.20% 93.1% 79.60%
AC Coupling 82.08% 96.0% 74.07%
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
Cost of Energy comparision Cost of Energy comparision
from using DC or AC Couplingfrom using DC or AC Coupling
whenwhen
Load Profiles are different Load Profiles are different
simulated by using HOMERsimulated by using HOMER
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
1.1. Uses HOMER to simulate cost of energyUses HOMER to simulate cost of energy
2.2. Same load energy consumption per day Same load energy consumption per day
3.3. Same PV power, Converter, Battery capacitySame PV power, Converter, Battery capacity
4.4. Change Load Profile Change Load Profile
-- Flat Load, Flat Load,
-- High Day time Load, High Day time Load,
-- High Night time LoadHigh Night time Load
5. Change PV configuration5. Change PV configuration
-- PV on AC busPV on AC bus
-- PV on DC busPV on DC bus
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
Cost of Energy
(USD/kWh)
PV AC Coupling PV DC Coupling
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
The Hybrid DC and AC coupling Hybrid DC and AC coupling can benefit by using better point of both PV at DC and AC coupling.
96%
98%
Direct Supply load 96%
form AC Coupling
Direct Charge Battery 98%
From DC Coupling
Balance fluctuation
of the Sun
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
Bidirectional InverterMPPT Charge Controller
Grid Connect Inverter
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
MPPT Charge Controller
Grid Connect Inverter
Bidirectional Inverter
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
95%
Supply Night time Load
With efficiency 95%
form Battery
The Hybrid DC and AC coupling Hybrid DC and AC coupling can benefit by using better point of both PV at DC and AC coupling.
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
MPPT Charge ControllerBidirectional Inverter
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
HOMER Pro simulation with DC and AC coupling
with real village load profile
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
Hybrid DCHybrid DC--AC design approachAC design approachHybrid DCHybrid DC--AC Coupling can improve system efficient 3AC Coupling can improve system efficient 3--7% by 7% by
Use AC Coupling for Day time LoadUse AC Coupling for Day time Load
Use DC Coupling to Charge BatteryUse DC Coupling to Charge Battery
for Night time Load for Night time Load
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
Load Profile of haminadhoo
Night Day Pattern load Real load
0:00 160.14 160.14 160.14
1:00 159.36 159.36 159.36
2:00 159.19 159.19 159.19
3:00 157.34 157.34 157.34
4:00 163.41 163.41 163.41
5:00 172.91 172.91 172.91
6:00 159.77 159.77 159.77
7:00 134.07 134.07 134.07
8:00 136.86 136.86 136.86
9:00 130.50 130.50 130.50
10:00 131.74 131.74 131.74
11:00 122.52 122.52 122.52
12:00 113.62 113.62 113.62
13:00 109.95 109.95 109.95
14:00 124.35 124.35 124.35
15:00 133.20 133.20 133.20
16:00 147.33 147.33 147.33
17:00 162.66 162.66 162.66
18:00 222.78 222.78 222.78
19:00 247.30 247.30 247.30
20:00 222.51 222.51 222.51
21:00 210.96 210.96 210.96
22:00 194.16 194.16 194.16
23:00 182.50 182.50 182.50
kWh 2,709.06 1,150.07 3859.13 3859.2
Ratio 70.20% 29.80% Peak power 247.30
160.80 Cal Average 160.8
225.12 kWh per hours
Average Load/h
Add Increase factory 40%
Design DC Couple side by using nigh time energy consumption Design DC Couple side by using nigh time energy consumption
and AC Coupling side using day time energy consumptionand AC Coupling side using day time energy consumption
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
% pf PV % of Fuel Produce CO2
100.00% 0.00% - kg/day
Irradia tion 6.37 kWh/m2.day
Ambi ent Temp. 31.8oC
Peak Load 247.30 kW Aver. Load 160.80 kW/h Tota l Load 3859.20 kWh/Day
# of Inverter 250 kW
3 Uni ts
Units
300.00 1 units
Back Up DG Power ra ting 300.00 kW AC Coupling PV 700.00 kWp
Consume Dies el Fuel - Li ters /day Installation Area 5967.50 m2
Fuel Consumption rate 0.28 Liter/kWh
Battery 9000.00 Ah
8 480 Vdc
Units 240.00 Cel ls Annua l Load Energy cons umption 1,408,608 kWh
Annua l Energy generated form PV 1,901,181 kWh
Expect Batt Li fe 5.95 Years Annua l Dies el fuel cons umption - Li ters
Replace fuel @ Energy Price 0.347 IPP 0.340 USD/kWh
DC Coupling PV 500.00 kWp Annua l Dies el fuel reduction 0 Li ters
Installation Area 4262.50 m2
Annua l Dies el fuel amount s aving 0 USD
Total Investment 2,747,641 USD
Simpl e Pay back period 5.62 Years
Project Li fe 18 Year
Confidentia l information, this hybrid minigrid design is property of Leoni cs Co., Ltd., may not reproduce without prio noti ce to Leonics Co., Ltd.Project IRR reduce us e of fuel 10.19% IPP 9.69% %
Averag daily system operation condition and consumptions Site Name : TG. Labian
Project Owner : Site Location (Lat./Long.) : 5.18o N 119.24
o E
Des ign by :Wuthipong S. Version/Rev. : 1A Date :16-Sep-14 Alti tude : Meter (ASL)
Bidirectiona Inverter
MPPT charger
16
0.1
15
9.4
15
9.2
15
7.3
16
3.4
17
2.9
15
9.8
13
4.1
13
6.9
13
0.5
13
1.7
12
2.5
11
3.6
11
0.0
12
4.4
13
3.2
14
7.3
16
2.7 22
2.8
24
7.3
22
2.5
21
1.0
19
4.2
18
2.5
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
kW
Real load Profile
Grid Connected Inverter
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
MW scale StandMW scale Stand--Alone Hybrid MiniAlone Hybrid Mini--Grid SystemGrid System
Kema850 kWp (PV)
850 kW (I)4,800 kWh (B)
1600 kW (DG)
Banggi1,200 kWp (PV)
2,075 kW (I)2,880 kWh (B)
1,650 kVA (DG)
Tanjung Labian1,212 kWp (PV)
1,650 kW (I)4,320 kWh (B)
1250 kW (DG)
Bario906 kWp (PV)
1,100 kW (I)3,860 kWh (B)
1,443 kVA (DG)
(PV) = Photovoltaic Module, (I) = BDI + GCI, (B) = Battery, (DG) = Diesel Generator
3.45MW
3.30MW
4.93MW
4.45MW
X.xxMW
Total Power of INV+DG+PV
T&C 14-Nov-12
T&C 19-Nov-12
T&C 25-Jan-14
Bi-directionalBattery Inverter 300kW x 3 = 900kW
Grid Connect Inverter 250kW x 3 = 750kW
MPPT Charge Controller70 kW x3 = 210kW
GS
Diesel Generator350kW 500kW 500kW
GS GS
PV on AC Coupling
Remote Station
Grid Connect Inverter 75kW x 3 = 225kW
Battery480Vdc 720 kWh
Battery480Vdc 2,880 kWh
Banggi
4.93MW
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
PV-DG Main Power station t Banggi Island, Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia
COD on : 25 January 2014
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
BDI 3BDI 2
BDI 1
Charge ControllerGCI 3
GCI 2
GCI 1
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
ConclusionsConclusions-Both DC and AC coupling are good in different time
-DC coupling is better when using with high nigh time load
-AC coupling is better when using directly supply load at day time
-The best performance is using both DC and AC coupling together in
a PV system.
-Load profile is useful in determining portion of DC and AC coupling
to supply energy to PV system
-HOMER Pro simulation software has simulation result that Hybrid
DC and AC coupling has lower cost of energy than using DC coupling
or AC coupling alone.
-There are hybrid PV-DG power plants in operation using DC-AC
coupling design and have plant performance as design calculation.
2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.
Thank you for bring us electricity
Children in Papua, Indonesia at the moment that they have electricity, Dec 2012
Thank you for bring us electricityThank you for bring us electricity
Children in Papua, Indonesia at the moment that they have electrChildren in Papua, Indonesia at the moment that they have electricity, Dec 2012icity, Dec 2012
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