SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE. INDEX INTRODUCTION CONCEPTS ISSUES ASSESSMENT

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTUR

E

INDEXINTRODUCTION

CONCEPTS

ISSUES

ASSESSMENT

INTRODUCTION

The Brundtland  Commission of  the United  Nations on  March  20,  1987:  “sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

At  the 2005  World  Summit it  was  noted  that  this  requires  the  reconciliation of environmental, social equity and economic demands  -  the  "three  pillars"  of sustainability or (the 3 E's).

The  three  pillars  of  sustainability  are  not  mutually  exclusive  and  can  be  mutually reinforcing.

WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

The  word  development  in  this  definition  implicates  two  important  aspects  of  the concept: 

• It is omnidisciplinary

• There is no set aim, but the continuation of development is the aim of the development.

The definition is based on two concepts:

NEEDS

LIMITS

basic needs such as food, clothing, housing and employment

every individual should have the opportunity to  try  and  raise  his/her  life  standard  above this absolute minimum

natural limitations like finite resources

declining productivity caused by overexploitation of resources, declining quality of water and shrinking of biodiversity

"Future generation is the most important" --- Confucius

"Treat the Earth well. It was not given to you by your parents. It was loaned to you by your children." --- Kenyan Proverb

Economic sustainabilityGrowthDevelopmentProductivityTrickle-down Social sustainability

Cultural identityEmpowermentAccessibilityStabilityEquity

Environmental sustainabilityEcosystem integrityCarrying capacityBiodiversity

THREE DIMENSIONS

To leave the Earth in as good shape for future generations as we found it for ourselves.

Resource consumption would be minimal

Materials consumed would be made ENTIRELY of 100% post-consumer recycled materials or from renewable resources

Recycling of waste streams would be 100%

Energy would be conserved and energy supplies would be ENTIRELY renewable and non-polluting 

The world as a system

a system over space

a system over time

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

CONCEPTS

“Sustainable building involves a combination of values: aesthetic, environmental, social, politicaland moral. The challenge is finding the balance between environmental considerations and economic constraints.”

Sanuel Mockbee, Auburn University

SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

    Understanding the place , if we are sensitive to the place, we can inhabit it without destroying it.

Five scatterd houses, 2003-2006, Ningbo, China. Wang Shu, Pritzker Architecture Prize winer 2012

Five principles of an environmental architecture

     Use the construction techniques which are indigenous to the area, learning  from  local  traditions  in  materials  and  design. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsk-zSzwF3M&feature=player_embedded

     Egyptian philosopher and architect, Hasan Fathi: "One man alone can not build his own home, but ten men who work together can easily build ten homes".

    Demolishing only when it is not economical to reuse and avoid using materials or which cannot be reused or recycled.

Xiangshan Campus, 2002-2004, Hangzhou, China. Wang Shu, Pritzker Architecture Prize winer 2012

Design  the building  to minimize the cost of  ownership  by incorporating  techniques  and technologies  for  conserving energy  and  water  and  reducing emissions to land, water and air.

Sustainable design attempts to have an understanding of the  environmental  impact  of  the  design  by  evaluating the site, the embodied energy and toxicity  of  the materials and construction techniques.

ISSUES

Sustainable Urban DesignLandform/Microclimate Topography Light-colored surfacing Vegetative cooling Wind buffering/channeling Evaporative cooling

Site Design Solar orientation Pedestrian orientation Transit orientation Micro climatic

building/siting

Infrastructure Efficiency Water supply and use Wastewater collection Storm drainage Street lighting Traffic signalization Recycling facilities

Land-Use Use density Use mix Activity concentration

Transportation Integrated, mulimodal

street network Pedestrian Bicycle Transit High-occupancy

vehicles Pavement

minimization Parking

minimization/siting

On-Site Energy Resources Geothermal/groundwater Surface water Wind Solar District heating /cooling Cogeneration Thermal storage Fuel cell power

SITE

"Improving the quality of life in a city, including ecological, cultural, political, institutional, social and economic components without leaving a burden on the future generations. A burden which is the result of a reduced natural capital and an excessive local debt. Our aim is that the flow principle, that is based on an equilibrium of material and energy and also financial input/output, plays a crucial role in all future decisions upon the development of urban areas.“

ECONOMY - ECOLOGY - EQUITY

Sustainable Cities and Green Development

ENERGY

Energy Efficiency

Computer energy simulations  Calener, Líder…etc.

Renewable Energy

WASTE

"Waste - a resource in the wrong place" -- An old Chinese proverb.

Waste Management Strategies:

• Waste prevention• Recyclying construction and demolition materials• Architectural reuse (include adaptive reuse, conservative disassembly, and reusing salvaged materials)• Design for material recovery (durability, disassembly, adaptive reuse)

MATERIALS

Embodied Energy

COMMUNITY

Sustainable Communities

http://www.place.us/?gclid=CIKb_aqnvK4CFQ1lfAodgRwoIQ

ASSESSMENT

     Interdependent Aims:

• harmonization with environment

• pollution prevention

• resources and energy efficiency

GREEN ARCHITECTURE

Site: Harmonization with Environment

                  HOT CLIMATE Hot, moderate and cold climate-

adapted architecture:

Solar radiation       temperature                                        light- Wind and pressure conditions- Humidity and precipitations

Using climatic factors and situations and adequate materials for the house’s natural:

cooling heating lighting

HUMID DESERT

MODERATE CLIMATECOSTAL CONTINENTAL

COLD CLIMATESUBARTIC ARTIC

Pollution Prevention

Resources and Energy Efficiency

• Sustainability= self-sufficiency • Incorporating alternative clean

renewable energy sources :

- solar  power - geothermal power- wind turbines - hydro electric power- bio-mass (organic substances)

• Conflictive requirements

    - high electricity consumption

   - minimizing the use of non-renewable natural resources 

GREEN ARCHITECTUREASSESSMENT

1) Klein House2005/ Rita Klein/ Altea, Alicante

418’65m2 / 335.200 euro

1.  Resources optimization:- Natural resources- Recycled, reused and recovered  materials

2.  Minimizing energy consumption

3.  Use of renewable energy sources

4.  No production of toxic waste and emissions into air

5.  Human and environmental health

6.  Easy to maintain

SUSTAINABLE ANALYSIS

DESIGNS ASSESSMENT

2) Gibson Boathouse/ StudioRobert Oshatz

Lake Oswego, Oregon, USA

• Reduced resource quantity (resource-efficiency strategy):

    1) build less square footage       2) use smaller quantities of 

materials

    Example of ecological materials  used from the place: stone, wood and grass

3) Earthship BiotechnologyEarthship residence

Taos, New Mexico, USA

100% sustainable design due to:

• Resources: Self-sufficient solar, geothermal and wind power energy production; 

• Reused water system and mechanical systems

• Recycled materials: crystal bottles, aluminium cans,  reused tyres filled with soil, cardboard

• Easy management

“There is no greater potential for personal expression than building one’s own shelter. For

this reason alone, every effort should be made to enable new home construction to be sustainable for generations to come. Today, we realize that to be truly sustainable, it is not enough to imagine

methods of minimizing damage to the environment; instead the results must have a

positive impact on it. “

(Dennis Wedlick)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dahl, Torben; Climate and Architecture; The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts; School of Architecture, Institute of Architectural Technology, Published by Routlegde, 2010

Enciclopedias Atrim para profesionales, (Arquitectura) Private Architecture, volume 1, Printed in Barcelona, Spain

Foster, Kari; Stelmack, Annette and Hindman, Debbie; Sustainable Residential Interiors. An illustrated guide to “green” design strategies. Sustainable design; Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Inc, Hobeken, New Jersey, USA, 2007

González Díaz, María Jesús; Arquitectura sostenible y aprovechamiento solar. Diseño arquitectónico integral, Preservación del medio ambiente y ahorro energético; Madrid, España, 2004

Instituto Monsa de Ediciones; Arquitectura sostenible. Lowtech Houses; Barcelona, España

Jodidio, Philip; Green. Architecture Now! (Arquitectura ecológica hoy); Taschen; printed in Italy, 2010

Luis de Garrido; Análisis de Proyectos de Arquitectura Sostenible. Naturalezas artificiales 2001-2008; Madrid, España, 2009

http://permiesepulveda.blogspot.com.es/2010/01/earth-bagshttp://www.trendir.com/house-design/sustainable/www.smartplanet.com/...architecture/wang-shu...architectures..

THANKS FOR YOUR

ATTENTION!!