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Sustainable Alternative Jet Fuel Update
Achievements / Next Steps
Air Transport: What Route to Sustainability
Third ICAO Pre-Assembly Conference Montreal, Canada
Richard L. Altman Executive Director, Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)
www.caafi.org
®
Alternative Sustainable Fuel Dynamic
• Dimensioning a new Sustainable Jet Fuel Dynamic
• Progress since 2009 ICAO Conference (Rio 11/09)
• What are the key remaining Needs?
• How can aviation cooperate globally to meet these needs?
Global Climate
Reduce PM 2.5
Contain CO2 Growth
Air Quality
New Sustainable Dynamic Environment Need
Ozone PM 2.50
20
40
60
80
100
120
Data for 50 Largest U.S. Airports
Non-at-tainment
Ongoing Fleet Renewal / Technology Development
ATC/NowGen/ Operational Improvements
Low Carbon FuelsForecasted Emissio
ns Growth Absent Reduction Measures
Baseline
CO2 E
mis
sion
s*
2050Carbon Neutral Growth and Reduction Timeline
*Notional View, Source Air Transport Association of America
Carbon Neutral Growth Now Aviation’s Goal
• …… for FAA “Next Gen” Enviromental Team in U.S.• …… by International Airlines (IATA) globally
70%
63%
TotalImports
U.S. Production
U.S. Consumption
2005
Mill
ion
bbl p
er d
ay
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
F
Improve Fuel Fraction
Reduce Crack Spread
Enhance Supply Security
New Sustainable Economic Dynamic Need
Jet < 10%Gasoline
Diesel
5
Ref: Presentation AFRL (W. Harrison), 8/15/06
Bridging Economic “Valley of Death” is Goal
6
2009 Aviation Achievements • First Major Aviation Fuel Qualification
in 20 Years passed – ASTM D7566!• Four flight programs of Biofuels• ICAO Accepted Best Practices
- Risk management
- CO2 LCA Analysis Principles - Implementation via CAAFI and other processes
• Four Commercial projects formed
Winner 2010 Air Transport WorldJoseph S. Murphy Award
for Industry Service!
2010 Off to Excellent Start • Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ/ Bio-SPK)
tracking to 12/10 ASTM Approvals (Jan. - Present)
• White House recognition of Aviation as lead customer for Biofuels (Feb.)
• FAA/DESC “Single Fuel Buyer” Alliance (March)• Greatly expanding the scope of potential
supplier discussions (April, May) • First Quantitative Jet Fuel Carbon LCA
(PARTNER) leads aviation centric impact quantification (May)
• “Farm to Fly” with USDA formalized (July)• “One Buyer” United Aviation Exhibit at
Farnborough Air Show (July)
Sustainable Jet, Where Are We?
• Over 50 Fuel Companies part of CAAFI
• Four Existing “Off – Take” Agreements” Several Additional Negotiations.
• U.S. State and International Deployment Initiatives Growing
37% of Top 100 Biofuel Companies Predict 1 Billion Gallons of Renewable Jet by 2020….Biofuels Digest 9/10/10
Multiple Success Models (U.S. Example)
ArizonaCalifornia*Florida **Georgia**Hawaii**
IllinoisMichigan**
Mississippi*Ohio**
New York**Pennsylvania**
OklahomaTennessee**
Texas**Washington*West Virginia
Wisconsin* airline/producer agreements ** study proposals or Pilot Plants
Going Forward
What is Needed?
Where/How can Cooperation help?
To Achieve Aviation Goals…..
• Ensure that Multiple Feedstocks and Processes Are Matured/ Qualified
• Achieve “Feedstock Readiness” via disciplined systems risk management.
• Quantify Carbon Gains and Reduce Environmental/Sustainability Uncertainty
• Capitalize on Local Air Quality gains (not just CO2)
• Leverage success models to ensure unique focused “single customer” status
Blend Comp’s Criteria and Blend % Limits
Annex 3
Other Adv Fuels or Processes
Annex 2
50% Metabolic Blends
Annex 1
50% Hydpross’d SPK Fuel Blends
Fuel Produced to D7566 Can Be Designated as D1655 Fuel
5.1 Materials and Manufacture
D1655
Table 1
D7566Av Turbine Fuel Containing
Syn HC’s
Table 1Blended Fuel Performance Properties
• ASTM D7566 Passed Sept 09
• On track for HRJ passage 12/10
Jet Fuel Approval Process Working Well
13
Biomass
Bio - Oils Syngas
Ethanol /C2+ Alcohols
2nd Gen.Biofuels
HRJ SynJetFAME SynJet Methanol FT SynJetHydrogen
Shift Reaction
Bio - Oil ExtractionHydrolysis /
FermentationGasification
Ligno-cellulosicBio-Conversion
Pyrolysis /Liquifaction
Esterification HydrotreatmentFischer Tropsch
ProcessMethanolSynthesis
All FeedStocks and Processes Required!
FRJ
PRJCRJ
HRJ Hydrotreated Renewable JetFT Fischer Tropsch Process
FRJ Fermentation Renewable JetPRJ Pyrolysis Renewable JetCRJ Catalytic Renewable Jet
- Certified by end 2011- Targets for 2013, 2014
Feedstock Readiness? • Grow yield/acre in reduced time frame
• Improve growth in dry / high saline soil conditions
• Address invasive species concerns
Working “Feedstock Readiness” System Methods with Agriculture
Aviation Specific Carbon LCA Available!
Analysis Represents - Cumulative Totals - with Variability Bands
Next Pathways considered next:- Sugar cane to
Fermented Jet (FRJ)- Pyrolysis Oils to Blend
Stock
Data from Stratton et al. MIT/PARTNER (2010)
PM 2.5 Is Next Target
Air Quality Regulations Increasing
Capitalize on Air Quality (PM 2.5) Gains
Ozone PM 2.50
20
40
60
80
100
120
Data for 50 Largest U.S. Airports
Non-attainment
Attainment
-12% -13%
-33%
-41%
-57%
-68%
-78%
-25%-30%
-50%
-61%
-75%
-86%
-92%
-51%
-96%-100%
-75%
-50%
-25%
0%
12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 75 87.5 100
% Volume of FT Fuel in JP-8%
Ch
an
ge
in
Pa
rtic
le N
um
be
r D
en
sit
y
Cruise
Idle
12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 75 87.5 100
Large Gains with Alternatives
FEEDSTOCK SUPPLIERS
FUEL PRODUCERS
DISTRIBUTORS / FBO’S
CAAFI Supply Chain Model Success
Facilitate Maximum Opportunity “Flow-up”
Focus and Communicate Requirements “Flow Down”
Now 50+ suppliers /stakeholders
Nearly 20 Airlines with agreements
Global Links To One Aviation Customer
2006
SWAFEA 2009
ABRABA 2010
New Sustainable Fuel Dynamic Achievable
Algae – U.S. Sugarcane - Brazil Pyrolysis - Holland
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