Sustainability—The Next Step: Estimating UW-Green Bay’s

December 4, 2007December 4, 2007Graduate Seminar in Environmental Graduate Seminar in Environmental Science and Policy Annual ProjectScience and Policy Annual Project

SustainabilitySustainability——The Next Step: The Next Step: Estimating UWEstimating UW--Green BayGreen Bay’’s s

Carbon FootprintCarbon Footprint

Global Climate Change- Polarization?

"We're doing great, thank God. The American economy is flourishing. We're using more fossil fuels. We're putting more CO2 in the air. The coal plants are running at record levels. Business has never been better. We're doing great!"Fred Palmer, Western Fuels Association

Global Climate Change

February 2, 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

“Unequivocal” evidence that human activity was “Very Likely”the driving force of increased global temperatures

Awarded Noble Peace Prize on October 12, 2007

NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies declared 2006 the 5th warmest year on record since the 1880s

2005, 1998, 2002, 2003 and 2006

A recent study showed that of 928 submitted papers on climate change between 1998-2003 none disagreed with the consensus position (Science, 2004)

Wisconsin - Declaration of Energy Independence

Signed by Gov. Jim Doyle on July 7, 2007Public-Private joint effort to achieve the following goals:

Generate 25% of electricity & fuel from renewables by 2025Capture 10% market share for production of renewables by 2030National Leader in groundbreaking research on alternative energiesUW-Green Bay will be 1 of 4 of the UW campuses to become “energy independent” by 2012

American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment

Signed September 2007Long range plan to reduce & eventually eliminate greenhouse gas emissions

Complete carbon emissions inventoryWithin 2 years set target date to become climate neutralTake immediate steps to reduce GHG emissionsIntegrate sustainability into curriculumDevelop transparent reporting system of carbon inventory, make available to public

Project Overview

Within 1 year (September 2008) carbon inventory is due.

Annual inventory reporting requirementsCarbon inventory = carbon footprint Initial attempt to calculate the carbon inventoryThis effort will assist the Campus Sustainability Committee .

Project Approach

Used the Clean Air-Cool Planet Emission Inventory CalculatorTime frame for project original goal FY 2000-2007, presenting FY 2001-2007Direct and Indirect Emissions of GHG’sconverted to eCO2Calculated the amount of carbon sequestered

What is eCO2?

A metric measure used to compare the emissions from various greenhouse gases based upon their global warming potential.

An internationally accepted measure that expresses the amount of global warming of greenhouse gases in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide that would have the same global warming potential

Capstone Project

Scope 1: direct GHGs from institutional owned or controlled sourcesScope 2: indirect emissions generated by the production of electricity consumed by the institutionScope 3: all other indirect emissionsCarbon Sequestration: Carbon sequestered on managed properties

Sources of EmissionsSources of Emissions

NZBCSD, 2002

On Campus Stationary SourcesOn Campus Stationary Sources

Scope 1Scope 1

Sources of EmissionsSources of Emissions

NZBCSD, 2002

What sources are included in Scope 1?

• Natural Gas• Gasoline• Diesel• Fertilizer• Refrigerants

Stationary sources of Greenhouse Gases

General Summary of Scope 1 Objectives

Determining the Greenhouse Gases emitted from the on-campus burning of fossil fuels and the leaking of Hydrofluorocarbons from refrigeration and air conditioning equipmentThe calculations in this scope also figured in the effects of solar energy generated on campus

Gathering the Data

Data collection for this scope entailed contacting and meeting with several campus operational supervisors and managers

FacilitiesResidential LifeUniversity UnionGolf CourseHeating/CoolingAC/Refrigeration

Facilities ManagementProvided natural gas records for the academic buildings and some other buildings on campus

Academic Building Natural Gas Usage

Natural Gas Usage of Academic Buildings By Fiscal Year

7749

6 9998

6

1114

79

1221

70

1248

11

1164

86

1111

74

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

2000

-2001

2001

-2002

2002

-2003

2003

-2004

2004

-2005

2005

-2006

2006

-2007

Fiscal Year

Nat

ural

Gas

Usa

ge (M

Mbt

u)

Other Natural Gas Data

Facilities Building, Golf Course Pro Shop, Language House, Chancellor’s House, University Union, Lambeau House

Natural Gas Usage of Other Facilities Buildings

2374

2593

255432

26

3028

2417

2363

-1000

1000

3000

5000

7000

9000

11000

13000

2000

-2001

2001

-2002

2002

-2003

2003

-2004

2004

-2005

2005

-2006

2006

-2007

Fiscal Year

Nat

ural

Gas

Usa

ge (M

Mbt

u)

Natural Gas Usage in the Residence Halls

UWGB has two major residential life complexes: Traditional Apartments and DormsResidential life also controls three other campus buildings

Natural Gas Usage in the Dorms

Natural Gas Usage in Dorms by Year

7709 92

15

1020

6

1032

7

9097

7633

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Nat

ural

Gas

Usa

ge (M

Mbt

u)

Natural Gas Usage in Apartments

Traditional Apartment's Natural Gas Usage by Year

2250

1954

8407

6988

5851

4180

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Nat

ural

Gas

Usa

ge (M

Mbt

u)

Natural Gas Usage in Other Residential Life Buildings

Natural Gas Usage of Other Res Life Buildings by Year

340

36941

9

30013

1

123

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Natu

ral G

as U

sage

(MM

btu)

Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Usage

This data was collected for the maintenance and golf course vehicles

Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Consumption for University Fleet (Fl) and Golf Course (GC)

Vehicles

1034

1232

0 0

2694

0 0 792

0 0 100

2559

0

2564

1

2326

0

1146

05000

1000015000200002500030000

2005 2006 2007

Year

Fuel

Usa

ge (G

allo

ns) Fl Gas

Fl Diesel

GC Gas

GC Diesel

GC LiquidPropane

Distillate Fuel Oil Usage

Occasionally, distillate fuel oil is burned to supplement natural gas during the winter months

Year Fuel Oil (gallons)

2000 1415

2001 203319

2002 0

2003 155

2004 3634

2005 185

2006 685

2007 470

Solar Energy

Solar energy was also produced via photovoltaic cells on MAC Hall Solar hot water for the swimming pool

Solar Energy ProducedSolar Energy Generated by Fiscal Year

71

463

367

0.050.0

100.0150.0200.0250.0300.0350.0400.0450.0500.0

2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007

Fiscal Year

Sola

r Ene

rgy

(mm

btu)

Scope 1 eCO2 by Year

Fiscal YearFiscal Year eCOeCO22

(metric (metric tonnestonnes/year)/year)20012001 4433443320022002 109661096620032003 123131231320042004 168331683320052005 164321643220062006 148961489620072007 1296412964

Scope 1 eCO2

UW-Green Bay GHG Emissions for Scope 1

02000400060008000

1000012000140001600018000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Tota

l Em

issi

ons

(Met

ric

Tonn

es

eCO

2)

Recommendations

Record keepingMaintenance vehiclesExploring alternative sources of energy

Scope 2

Indirect emissions generated in the

production of electricity consumed

by the institution.

Sources of Emissions

Campus Electrical UsageCampus Electrical Usage

YearYear20012001200220022003200320042004200520052006200620072007

kWhkWh15,416,69115,416,69116,379,73016,379,73016,973,06316,973,06317,007,41417,007,41418,364,91118,364,91118,884,35718,884,35717,416,44417,416,444

Residence Life Electrical Residence Life Electrical UsageUsage

YearYear20012001200220022003*2003*2004*2004*2005*2005*2006200620072007

kWhkWhNANA

1,441,5751,441,5751,926,0621,926,0622,562,3662,562,3662,716,0352,716,0352,529,9882,529,988*1,977,206*1,977,206

Total Electrical Usage

Year Total kWh MT eCO2

2001 16,826,869 14,6902002 17,880,023 15,6092003 18,978,817 16,5682004 19,664,559 17,1672005 21,170,351 18,4822006 21,496,982 18,7672007 19,472,362 16,999

Scope 3

All other indirect emissions including

commuting to and from campus, air

travel, waste disposal, production of

purchased products, etc.

Sources of Emissions

Campus Drinking WaterCampus Drinking Water

YearYear20012001200220022003200320042004200520052006200620072007

GallonsGallons18,050,16818,050,16820,277,27820,277,27822,504,38822,504,38829,032,36729,032,36726,711,65626,711,65628,026,36328,026,36331,566,61731,566,617

Residence Life Drinking WaterResidence Life Drinking Water

YearYear20012001200220022003*2003*2004*2004*2005*2005*2006200620072007

GallonsGallons7,277,3157,277,3157,804,7527,804,752

14,948,25714,948,25716,785,42016,785,42016,887,59616,887,59615,845,18415,845,184*12,423,532*12,423,532

Total Drinking Water

Year Total Gallons kWh2001 25,327,482 53,3602002 28,082,030 58,7182003 37,452,644 79,6922004 45,817,786 94,7792005 43,599,252 89,4052006 43,871,546 82,6372007 43,990,149 78,712

Campus WastewaterCampus Wastewater

YearYear20012001200220022003200320042004200520052006200620072007

GallonsGallonsNANANANA

29,673,75129,673,75126,347,67926,347,67925,181,90625,181,90623,146,97223,146,97225,363,48325,363,483

Residence Life WastewaterResidence Life Wastewater

YearYear20012001200220022003*2003*2004*2004*2005*2005*2006200620072007

GallonsGallons7,277,3157,277,3157,804,7527,804,752

14,948,25714,948,25716,785,42016,785,42016,887,59616,887,59615,845,18415,845,184*12,423,532*12,423,532

Total Wastewater

Year Total Gallons kWh2003 44,622,007 148,5192004 43,133,098 140,5362005 42,069,502 125,8462006 38,992,155 124,0232007 37,787,015 114,559

Water/Wastewater

kWh of electricity included in Scope 2 purchased electricity.

MMBTUs of natural gas included in Scope 1 Campus Stationary Nat. Gas.

Gallons of fuel oil included in Scope 1 Stationary Sources Distillate Oil #1- #4.

Commuter Information

This information was part of the 2005Capstone project titled “Building on the UW-Green Bay Master Plan: Promoting Sustainability” within the Transportation Management section.

Recommendations

Meter and bill students for actual electrical usage.Use Energy Star vending machines.Install proximity switches in Cofrin Library and stairwells for reduced lightingLengthen the timeframe for “dorm wars”with incremental incentives.

Carbon OffsetsCarbon Offsets

Carbon Sequestration

CO2Photosynthesis

CO2Photosynthesis

CO2 PlantsRespirationCO2 PlantsRespiration

CO2 MicrobesRespiration

CO2 MicrobesRespiration

CO2 RootsRespirationCO2 RootsRespiration

BiomassBiomass

SoilSoil

CO2 DetritusDecompositionCO2 Detritus

Decomposition

ObjectivesObjectivesDetermine vegetation type and area for Determine vegetation type and area for UWUW--Green BayGreen Bay’’s managed propertiess managed propertiesEstimate sequestration rate for each Estimate sequestration rate for each vegetation type using published peervegetation type using published peer--reviewed datareviewed dataEstimate the amount of eCOEstimate the amount of eCO22sequestered by UWsequestered by UW--Green BayGreen Bay’’s s managed propertiesmanaged properties

UWGBUWGB’’ssPropertiesProperties

Toft Point

Peninsula Center

Point au Sauble

UWGB Campus

Kingfisher Farm

Conifer, Swamp

Marsh

Conifer,Northern

Grasses, Uncut

Grasses, Uncut

Conifer, Red Pine

Hardwood, Swamp

Hardwood, Northern

Hardwood,Northern

Grasses, Uncut

Hardwoods

Grasses,Mowed

Grasses,Uncut

Grasses, Uncut

Hardwood,North

Prairie

Agricultural1%

Brush, Bottomland0%

Conifer, Northern25%

Conifer, Red Pine1%

Conifer, Swamp4%

Conifer, White Pine0%

Grasses, Mowed13%

Grasses, Prairie1%

Grasses, Uncut22%

Hardwoods, Bottomland1%

Hardwoods, Maple1%

Hardwoods, Northern17%

Hardwoods, Oak2%

Hardwoods, Swamp4%

Marsh8%

UWGB Vegetation Type by Area 

Total Area:  677 hectares

Sequestration RatesSequestration RatesDetermining rates requires several years Determining rates requires several years worth of dataworth of dataRates are affected by water availability, Rates are affected by water availability, nitrogen levels, temperature, stand age, nitrogen levels, temperature, stand age, and levels of atmospheric gases (Gower and levels of atmospheric gases (Gower and Ahl, 2006)and Ahl, 2006)Rates used are averages from several Rates used are averages from several sourcessources

Vegetation TypeVegetation Type eCOeCO22 Sequestration Sequestration (MTeCO(MTeCO22haha--11yryr--11))

SourceSource

Agricultural 1.172 Johnson, et al. 2005

Brush, Bottomland 0.843 Ferguson, 2003

Conifer, Northern 2.492 Campbell, et al. 2004

Conifer, Red Pine 2.492 Campbell, et al. 2004

Conifer, Swamp 0.806 Campbell, et al. 2004

Conifer, White Pine 2.492 Campbell, et al. 2004

Grasses, Mowed 2.931 Qian, et al. 2003

Grasses, Prairie 2.070 Kucharik, et al. 2006

Grasses, Uncut 2.107 Kucharik, et al. 2006

Hardwoods, Bottomland 1.869 Campbell, et al. 2004

Hardwoods, Maple 1.869 Campbell, et al. 2004

Hardwoods, Northern 1.869 Campbell, et al. 2004

Hardwoods, Oak 2.675 Campbell, et al. 2004

Hardwoods, Swamp 0.806 Campbell, et al. 2004

Marsh 0.916 Nebraska DNR, 2001

Lowest0.806

Highest02.931

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450MT CO

2e/yr

Carbon Dioxide (e) Sequestered by Vegetation Type

413

262

316

214

eCOeCO22 sequestered per yearsequestered per year

1403 MTeCO1403 MTeCO22yr yr --11

ResultsResults

UWGB has 677 ha of vegetationUWGB has 677 ha of vegetationSequestration rates vary from 0.8 to 3 Sequestration rates vary from 0.8 to 3 MTeCOMTeCO22haha--11yryr--11

1403 MTeCO1403 MTeCO22yryr--11 is sequestered with a is sequestered with a range of 323 to 2730 MTeCOrange of 323 to 2730 MTeCO22yryr--11

Carbon sequestered offsets <4% of Carbon sequestered offsets <4% of UWGB carbon emissionsUWGB carbon emissions

RecommendationsRecommendations

Maintain native species and allow natural Maintain native species and allow natural successionsuccessionReduce fertilization and mowing of grass Reduce fertilization and mowing of grass areasareasUpdate vegetation inventoryUpdate vegetation inventory

Clean Air-Cool Planet

Campus Carbon Calculator

What is it?

Includes greenhouse gases specified by Kyoto ProtocolSpreadsheets based on the IPCC workbooks for national level inventoriesWill calculate emissions by each greenhouse gas, as well as, eCO2

General Raw Data

Operating BudgetResearch DollarsEnergy BudgetFull Time/Part Time/Summer School StudentsFaculty/StaffTotal Building Space

INPUT MODULE: Begin by entering data here

EMISSION FACTORS MODULE: Used in calculation - no input

needed

REFERENCE

SUMMARY MODULE: After entering all data, view results in spreadsheet or graph form using these worksheets.

Advanced Energy Demand and Cost Module

Project Calculator

EF_ElectricSummary of Electric

Emission Factors

EF_ElectricMapMap of electric supply regions

EF_ElectricCO2

Emission factors of CO2 per

PrimaryInput

Data used in emissions

calculations

S_CO2_SumSummary of all CO2

emissions by sector

S_CH4_SumSummary of all CH4

emissions by sector

S_N2O_SumSummary of all N2O emissions by sector

EF_ElectricCH4N2O

Emission factors per

kW h

EF_CO2Carbon Dioxide

emissions factors by source

EF_N2ONitrous Oxide

emissions factors by source

EF_CH4 Methane emissions

factors by source

Graph ControlList and links to all graphs and other Summary Data

Annual ReportDetailed emissions

for each year

DemographicsDescriptive

demographic data, such as emissions

per student.

SummarySummary of all greenhouse gas

emissions by sector and scope

EF_SolidW asteSolid waste

disposal and combustion

EF_Refrigerants

Refrigerants and

EF_AnimalsEnteric

Fermentation & Manure

EF_AgricultureFertilizer and other

sources

IntroductionInstructions

TroubleshootingFAQs and other hints

EF_Transportation

Commuter, fleet and

EF_SteamUpstream

emissions from steam

EF_W aterUpstream

emissions from chilled water

Input_InflAdgAdjusts budget

figures for inflation

EF_ConstantsConstants and

conversion factors

EF_CH4N2OMethane and

Nitrogen Dioxide emission factors

EF_CarbonContent

Carbon Content of various fuels (for CO2

EF_HeatingValue

Heating content of various fuels

ReferenceList of sources for all factors and methods

EF_StationaryAll On-campus

sources of emissions

EF_OffsetOffsets and Sinks

EF_EnergyEnergy use factors

by source

S_CO2Carbon Dioxide

emissions by source

S_CH4Methane emissions

by source

S_N2ONitrous Oxide

emissions by source

S_EnergyEnergy use factors

by source

S_Energy_SumSummary of all

energy use by sector

GlossaryList of terms

S_NRG_MMBtu

Summary of all energy use by

Fossil Fuel

NRG_%Calculated Fossil Fuel

Mix, Estimated Future Mix

NRG_MMBtuEnergy Use

Demand, Estimated Future Demand

NRG_$Calculated Cost

of Energy, Estimated Future

Cost

Est_$_MMBtuCost per unit

energy of fossil fuel

Custom Fuel MixFor users who know the % fuel sources for their purchased

Input_CommuterAdditional data

needed for commuters

Project InputEstimates emissions

from projects

Project SummaryDisplays project

emisisons

EF_ElectricEnergy

MMBTUs per kW h for each electric

EF_GW PGlobal warming

potentials for various chemicals

Custom Fuel Mix Conversion

Calculations based on % inputs

EF_Project Project emisisons

factors

Total emissions eCO2 per year

Total Emissions (Metric Tons eCO2)

-

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

eCO

2 (M

etric

Ton

s)

Emissions per person at UWGBMetric Tons eCO2 / Community members

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Tota

l Em

issio

ns p

er S

tude

nt(M

etri

c To

ns e

CO

2 / C

omm

unity

)

Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Sector

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

35,000,000

40,000,000

45,000,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Tota

l Car

bon

Dio

xide

Em

issi

ons (

kg C

O2 )

Solid Waste

Transportation

On-campus Stationary

Purchased Steam and Chilled w ater

Purchased Electricity

2007 eCO2 outputs

0%0%0%0%0%

Stationary Sources

34%

Purchased Electricity

46%

Refrigeration1%

Transport Total19%

Are we offsetting any emissions?

Sequestration is a way of offsetting emissions and it is NOT enoughWe are only offsetting, through sequestration, 1403 Metric Tons eCO2, out of ~37,000 Metric Tons eCO2

Offsetting our emissions will not make this campus energy independent (zero emissions) by 2012

Are any emissions being offset?Total Emissions, Total Offsets, and Net Emissions

05,000

10,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Emis

sion

s (m

etric

tons

eC

O2)

Total Emissions (MTeCO2)Net Emissions (MTeCO2)Total Offsets (MTeCO2)

What can we do with the Calculator?

Examine our emissionsWhere are they coming from?Can we reduce them?

See the emissions reductions of different potential projectsMake recommendations for emission reductions and energy savings

From Carbon to Sustainability

Link from carbon to sustainability

Understanding the University’s carbon footprint is the First Step

Reducing global warming emissionsWorking towards sustainability

Using our resources wisely today for the next generation

Opportunity to set a positive example in the community

UW-Green Bay

Long history of being a proactive environmental institution

Ecological awareness and environmental stewardship founding principalsOnce known as Eco-UWill UW-GB resurrect itself & become a “greener” institution????

Oberlin College

Rated #1 Green College in US60% electricity is bought from renewables1/3 food served is grown locallyStudent activity fees subsidize public transportationReal time monitoring of energy usage in dorms

Talloires Declaration ~ 1990

“Universities educate most of the people who develop and manage society’s institutions. For this reason, universities bear profound responsibilities to increase awareness, knowledge, technologies, and tools to create an environmentally sustainable future.”

Recommendations

Education is KEYIntegrate Sustainability into coursework

Modify the CurriculumGeneral Educational Requirement

Education and Business MajorsMajor component of:

Intro to Environmental ScienceEnvironment and Society

Student Orientations

Reducing Our Footprint

Heating and cooling is a big part of total emissions

2002: 10,966 eCO2= 33%2007: 12,964 eCO2= 35%

Building efficiency is critical.Conventional building ventilation standards and mechanisms can be wasteful.

DCV - Demand - Control Ventilation

Most Significant, Feasible, Cost-effective means to saving Energy and $

Ventilates on Real Time OccupancySelf Calibrating CO2 Sensors

Demo Projects savings of 5% - 80%

DCV Costs

1 Sensor per 5,000 ft2LS 22 sensorsCampus 220 sensors

Sensor Cost ~ $66,000Installation Cost ~ $126,000Payback of 2 to 10 months

DCV $ Savings

Laboratory Sciences Building (LS) Savings $14,790 - $41,330

33% - 57%

Entire Campus$250,000 - $780,000

52% - 77%

DCV CO2 Savings

Results in terms of CO2 savings

DCV CO2 Savings

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

MT e

CO

2

37,216 MTeCO2 18,864 MTeCO2 8,560 MTeCO2

77%52%

Final Recommendation

UW receives money via General Purpose Revenues (GPR)

Any unencumbered balance is reverted back to GPRUnspent Utility Appropriations also revert back to GPR

Change Appropriations so that $ saved through Energy Efficiency projects can be used by the University

Ex. Continuing Appropriation s. 20.01(3)©

UW-Green Bay’s Mission Statement

”The university enriches the quality of life for students and the community by embracing the educational value of diversity, promoting environmental sustainability, encouraging engaged citizenship, and serving as an intellectual, cultural and economic resource.”

Acknowledgements

Dennis Bailey- UWGBDan Busch - Green Bay Metropolitan Sewage DistrictJohn Campbell - Stanford UniversitySuAnn Detampel - UWGBDiane Eastman - UWGBVern Everson - WI DNRDebbie Furlong - UWGBSteve Gering - Residence LifeThompson Gower - UW-MadisonRuss Hardwick - Green Bay Water Utility

Chris Hatfield - UWGBIngrid Kelley - WI Focus on EnergyEric Kruger - UW-MadisonPaul Pinkston - UWGBDean Rodeheaver - UWGBNate Rusch - Shorewood Golf CourseBruce Shepard - UWGBPatricia Theyerl - UWGBSheryl Van Gruensven -UWGBRick Warpinski - UWGB

Questions???

UW-Green Bay Environmental Science and Policy Capstone Seminar Participants 2007

Graduate Students/Project Authors:Adam Baldwin Chris CaldwellJanet DeVitoPatrick A. KossDevany Martin Wade OehmichenBill OldenburgCharles PietteBethany ReinholtzTracy ValentaJay Watson

Faculty:Michael Kraft, Professor, Public and Environmental AffairsKevin Fermanich, Associate Professor, Natural and Applied Sciences