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7/31/2019 Structures Notes P1
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Learning Objectives(The Syllabus)
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How are we going tolearn STRUCTURES?
Lesson 1
Definition ofstructureFunction of structureClassification ofstructureStructural FailureLesson 2
Definition of Loadsand ForcesTypes of loads andforcesFunction of: Struts,ties, beams,cantilever
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How are we going tolearn STRUCTURES?
Lesson 3Concept ofEQUILIBRIUM(Principle of
moments)Methods ofreinforcingstructures(Gussets, ribs,braces, laminating,
Honeycomb,
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Lesson 1
Definition of Structure
Function of StructureClassification of StructuresStructural Failure
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Design andTechnology
Lesson 1 SuccessCriteria
1. State the 4 functions ofstructure and provideexamples.
2. Identify the types ofstructure.
(manmade, shell/ manmadeframe/ natural, shell/ naturalframe)
3. Understand at least 3 causes of
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
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When you think ofStructure,
What comes to yourmind?
Lets brainstorm structures around you!
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Design andTechnology
Definition of Structure
Anythingdesigned tosupport a loador forces acting
upon it.
A structuremust be strong
enough tosupport its ownweight and
whatever load is
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
Thus structures do NOT necessarily refer to buildings.Buildings are just ONE of the many forms of structures.
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Design andTechnology
Structures inEveryday Lives
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
This foldable chair is aproduct of IKEA. Thejoints of the chair mustbe strong to withstandthe weight of a personsitting on it. Inaddition, the chairmust be designed insuch a way that the
user can sitcomfortably on it.
The portablelaundry bag
must be ableto support theweight of the
used clothing.It must be
collapsible to
save storagespace.
The structure of theskyscraper must bedesigned to ensurethat it is able to resistwind and support allthe loads.
The foundationsof the building
are set deepinto the groundto prevent thebuilding from
toppling.
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Design andTechnology
Function of Structure
The four main functionsstructures are:
Supporting Spanning
Containing
Protecting
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
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Design andTechnology
Function of Structure:Spanning
What Spanning means: to extend across inspace
example of structure :
A bridge is a structure that spans across two
ends A roofspans across the walls of a building.
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
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Design andTechnology
Function of Structure:Containing
Structures are able to containthings
example of structure :
Boxes, bottles, product/foodpackaging are used to contain thingsfor storage or transportation
purposes.
packaging and productsare folded or blisterpacked to produce
containers
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
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Design andTechnology
Function of Structure:Protecting
Structures are able to protect
example of structure :
Safety helmet is used to protect the
head of the user, egg carton reduces therisk of breaking the eggs duringtransportation
corrugation incardboard boxe
protects theproducts durin
distribution
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
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Design andTechnology
Function of Structure:Summary
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
Function Examples
Supporting Supporting own weight: bus-stop
Supporting other loads: crane, car,chair
Spanning Bridge, roof
Containing Bottles, product/food packaging
Protecting Safety helmet, egg carton
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Design andTechnology
Types of Structure
A structure can be classifiedas
Natural, frame
Natural, shell Man-made, frame
Man-made, shell
StructuralFailure
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
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Design andTechnology
What is a FrameStructure?
Frame structure consistsofstrips of materialtogether to form a
framework
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
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Design andTechnology
What is a ShellStructure?
Shell structure Consists ofa skin to provide strengthand rigidity
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
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Design andTechnology
Classifying Structures
Structure Type FunctionTree
branches
Natural,Frame
Supports leaves
to reach sunlight
Natural,Shell
Honeycomb
Contains honey,Protects larvae
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
PylonMan made,Frame
Supports electriccables
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Design andTechnology
Classifying Structures
Structure Type Function
Skeleton
Natural,Frame
Supports the
animal
Natural,
Frame
Spider web
Supports insects
caught,Spans surroundingsof the spider foreasy movement
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
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Design andTechnology
ClassifyingStructures: Examples
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
Example Type Function
Tree Frame; natural Supports leaves to reach sunlight
Honeycomb Shell; natural Contains honey,Protects larvae
Spider web Frame; natural Supports insects caught,Spans surroundings of the spider for easymovement
Animalskeleton
Frame; natural Supports the animal
Crabskeleton
Shell; natural Supports and Protects the animal
Bridge Frame; man-made Spans a gap between two locations
Crane Frame; man-made Supports cargo
Pylon Frame; man-made Supports electric cables
Roof Frame or shell;man-made
Spans the top opening of a building
Protects occupants of building
Furniture Frame or shell,man-made
Supports person sitting or things placedon it
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Design andTechnology
Structural Failure
What isthe cause?
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
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Design andTechnology
Life Example
(optional)Click on the following link to read up moreabout real cases of structural failure:
Poor Construction Reason Schools Collapsed
in China Quake: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndZU2Q3I_o8
http://www.wsws.org/articles/2008/oct2008/chin-o16.shtml
SuccessCriteria
Definition ofstructure
Function ofstructure
Types ofStructure
StructuralFailure
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndZU2Q3I_o8http://www.wsws.org/articles/2008/oct2008/chin-o16.shtmlhttp://www.wsws.org/articles/2008/oct2008/chin-o16.shtmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndZU2Q3I_o8Recommended