Structure of Animal Cells By: Kevin Hurley. Learning Objectives In this lesson you will learn the...

Structure of Animal Cells

By: Kevin Hurley

Learning Objectives

In this lesson you will learn the basic structures of an animal cell including the nine basic organelles of a cell

which are:

• Nucleus• Nucleolus• Cell Membrane• Golgi Apparatus • Ribosomes• Mitochondria• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Cytoplasm• Lysosomes

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Introduction

• There are nine major structures (organelles) that make up a cell.

• Each organelle has a specific job to ensure the life of a cell

The Nucleus

•The nucleus is the largest cellular organelle in animals. •The main function of the cell nucleus is to control gene exposition and mediate the replication of DNA during the cell cycle.

The Nucleolus

• The nucleolus is a structure found within the nucleus in which ribosomal RNA is transcribed.

Cell Membrane

• The cell membrane surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell serving a function similar to that of skin.

• It contains a lipid (fat) bilayer and protein molecules on the outside of the cell

Golgi Apparatus

• The Golgi apparatus is a cell structure mainly devoted to processing the proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum

• It is composed of membrane-bound stacks known as cisternae

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• The Endoplasmic Reticulum forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae within cells. he endoplasmic reticulum serves many general functions, including the facilitation of protein folding and the transport of synthesized proteins in sacs called cisternae

Ribosome

• The ribosome functions in the expression of the genetic code from nucleic acid into protein, in a process called translation.

• Ribosome are found on the outside of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondria

• Mitochondria are sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of chemical energy

Cytoplasm

• The Cytoplasm is the contents of a cell that is enclosed within the plasma membrane. The cytoplasm is the site where most cellular activities occur.

Lysosome

• The Lysosome digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria

Question 1

Which Structure is found in the nucleus of the cell?

• -Gogli Apparatus

• -Nucleolus

• -Ribosome

• -Cytoplasm

Good Job!

Remember that the Nucleolus is where ribosomal RNA is transcribed.

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for removing worn out organelles?

• -Ribosome

• -Lysosome

• -Mitochondria

• -Nucleus

Good Job!

Correct! Lysosomes remove foreign bodies from the cell as well as worn out organelles.

Question 3

Which organelle produces energy for the cell?

• Nucleus

• Cell membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Mitochondria

Good Job!

Correct! Mitochondria produce ATP which the cell uses for energy.

Question 4

Where does most cellular activity occur?

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Cytoplasm

Good Job!

Good Job! The majority of cell activity occurs in the Cytoplasm.

Only one more to go

Question 5

_________ is the process of the expression of the genetic code from nucleic acid into protein.

• Translation

• Transcription

• Mutation

• Modification

Good Job!

Correct! Translation is the process of the expression of the genetic code from nucleic acid into proteins.

Summary

• An animal cell is made of many different organelles have specific functions within he cell.

• By working together all organelles create a system that create a healthy and living cell

Try Again

Rethink your answer and try again!

Works Cited and Standards

• http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/media/golgi_apparatus.gif• http://www.usd.edu/~bgoodman/ReviewFrames.htm• http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/

orgtable.htm• http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/AnimalPh

ysiology/Anatomy/AnimalCellStructure.html

Standards

7.1.2 Differentiate between structures and functions of plant and animal cells.

* Examine major plant and animal cell organelles and identify their functions.

Congratulations

• Good Job!! You have now completed the lesson.