Stratified Columnar Epithelium. Epithelial,Connective, Muscle and Nervous Tissues Reference: Chapter...

Stratified Columnar Stratified Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium

Epithelial,Connective,Epithelial,Connective,Muscle and Nervous Muscle and Nervous

TissuesTissuesReference: Chapter 5 in your textbook

Q?? Specialized cells of the same type that perform a common function in the body are called_____________

A: just cells.. They don’t have a specific name.

B: Brain tissue – anything that is organized must be a brain

C: Tissues – it’s right after cells and right before organs in the levels of organization

D: ARE YOU KIDDING ME!? It’s the first week in the semester.

Answer: C. Specialized cells that perform a specific function in the

body are called tissues.

The study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals is called histology.

The tissues in the human body can be categorized into four major types:

Connective

Muscle Nervous

Epithelial

Connective TissuesAre made up of three components:

Specialized cells (such as: macrophages, adipocytes, fibroblasts)

Ground substance (a non-cellular substance that separates cells)

Protein Fibers (such as: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers)

General Characteristics of General Characteristics of Connective TissuesConnective Tissues

Binds structures

Provides support and protection

Fill spaces

Stores fat

Produce blood cells

Protect against infections

Help repair tissue damage

General Functions of General Functions of Connective TissuesConnective Tissues

They divide easily.

Have a large blood supply and are well nourished.

Connected to epithelial cells below the basement membrane.

Some have a fixed number of cells and some are temporary and appear when needed in response to injury or infection.

Connective Tissue Relationships…

Loose Connective Tissue (AKA Aerolar)

Dense Connective Tissue

Adipose Tissue

Connective Tissue Relationships…

Cartilage

Hyaline Elastic

Bone

Fibrocartilage

Connective Tissue Relationships…

LymphBlood

Fibrous Connective TissuesLoose, Adipose and Dense

Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissueLoose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue

What is Loose Connective tissue?forms delicate thin membranes

throughout the body.

Where would you find it?Underneath epithelial cells to nourish

them.

Fills the spaces between

skin and organs or muscles.

Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissueLoose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue

What is it’s function?Binds organs

together

Holds tissue fluids

Protects, insulates and stores fat

What is Adipose tissue?Fat

When cells store fat in droplets within their cytoplasm and enlarge.

Where would you find it?Beneath skin, around kidneys or organs,

on surface of the heart.

Around the eyeballs and certain joints as well as spaces between muscle.

Adipose TissueAdipose TissueWhat is its function?

Cushions joints and some organs

Insulates beneath the skin

Stores energy

When adipose cells become too numerous the crowd the cell and other cells forming fat tissue.

What is Dense Connective tissue?Closely packed thick collagenous fibers

and elastic fibers - Very strong to withstand pulling forces.

Blood supply is poor so tissue repair is poor.

Where would you find it?Ligaments and tendons

The white part of your eye.

Deep skin layers

Dense Connective TissueDense Connective TissueWhat is it’s function?

Binds body parts together through tendons (muscle to bone) or ligaments (bone to bone)

Protects the eye

How many of you have ever torn a ligament or tendon? How long did it take for you to recover from this injury?

Due to the low blood supply, injuries to dense connective tissue take a long time to heal…

STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.

2. Review Fibrous Connective Tissue activity- Foldable.

3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

Supportive Connective TissueHyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage, and bone

Supportive Connective Tissue Supportive Connective Tissue General CharacteristicsGeneral CharacteristicsFour types:

Hayline CartilageElastic CartilageFibrocartilageBone

Rigid Connective TissueProvides supportProtectsLack a direct blood supply, get minimal blood

by diffusion but not enough- so healing to cartilage is slow.

What is Hyaline Cartilage?

Most common cartilage

Where do you find it?

On the ends of bone, joints, the soft part of the nose, and respiratory passage

What is it’s function?

Helps the growth of bones

Helps to articulate the skeleton at the end of bones

What is Elastic cartilage?

Similar to hayline cartilage, except that it is much more elastic.

Where is it found?

External ears and parts of the larynx

What is its function?

Very elastic and flexible so that it is able to withstand repeated bending

FibrocartilageFibrocartilageWhat is it?A very tough tissueIntermediate between

cartilage and dense connective tissue

Where do you find it?cushions bones in the

knees and between vertebrates in the spinal column.

What is its function?A shock absorber for

structures that are subjected to pressure.

What is Bone Tissue?Rigid and hard tissue

formed by minerals such as Calcium

Two forms: compact and spongycompact- forms shaft of

long bonesspongy – found at the end

of bones, appears open and latticed- provides strength

Where would you find it?The skeletal system

throughout your body!

BoneBoneWhat is the function?

Internally supports the body structure

Contains and produces red blood cells as well as calcium and phosphorus

Heals more rapidly than cartilage

STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.

2. Review Supportive Connective Tissue activity- Foldable.

3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

Fluid Connective TissuesBlood and Lymph

General Characteristics of Fluid Tissue

Usually found in vessels throughout the body

Transport of nutrients and wastes

Maintains homeostasis in some way – redistributing materials/heat or absorbing dissolved solutes for removal

BloodBloodWhat is Blood Tissue?

Red blood cells,

white blood cells and

platelets that are in a

fluid of plasma.

Where would you find it?Located in blood

vesselsFormed in the red

marrow within the hollow parts of certain long bones

BloodBlood

What is the function?

Transports materials between body cells

Helps maintain stable internal homeostasis.

Lymph TissueWhat is it?

Clear, watery. Sometimes yellowish fluid from tissue fluid

Contains white blood cells

Where is it found?

In lymphatic vessels found around cells and blood vessels

What is its function?

Absorb excess tissue fluid and various dissolves solutes in tissues

Absorb molecules from the small intestine

Transport lymph to particular vessels in the cardiovascular system.

Lymph Tissue

STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.

2. Review Fluid Connective Tissue activity- Foldable.

3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

Muscle and Nervous Tissue

Q1: Which of the following is not a fibrous connective tissue?

A: hyaline

B: areolar

C: tendons and ligaments

D: adipose

Q2: Name one general characteristic of connective tissue.

Muscle TissuesMuscle TissuesGeneral Characteristics:

They are contractile- the elongated cells can shorten and lengthen.

As the contract, muscle fibers pull at the attached end causing body parts to move.

Three types of muscle tissues:

1. Skeletal Muscle tissue

2. Smooth Muscle tissue

3. Cardiac Muscle tissue

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal MuscleWhat is it?

Voluntary muscle (controlled by conscious effort)

Lots of nuclei in each cellHas striations

Where is it found? In muscles that

attach bone.

What is its function?whole body movement

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle

What is Smooth Muscle?

Short and spindle shaped cells, with single central nucleus, with No striations

Where is it? The walls of organs (stomach, intestine,

bladder, blood vessels)

What is it’s function?Involuntary actions

What is cardiac muscle? Cells are striated and joined end to end.One nucleiCells separated by intercalated disks

Where do you find it?Only in the heart

What is it’s function? Involuntarily pumps blood through the heart

chambers and into blood vessels.

Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle

STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.

Nervous Tissue

Nervous Tissue General Nervous Tissue General characteristicscharacteristics

There is JUST ONE!

Main function is communication between cells and the brain

Can “regenerate” dependent upon the type of injury or disorder present

Nervous TissueNervous TissueWhat is it?

Made up neurons and neuroglia cells

Where is it? The brain, spinal cord and peripheral

nerves.

Nervous TissueNervous TissueWhat is the function?

Transmit nerve impulses to other neurons, muscles or glands.

They communicate with other cells and muscles and tell body functions what to do.

STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.

2. Review Muscle and Nervous Tissue activity- Foldable.

3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

Epithelial TissuesSimple squamous, simple cubodial, simple columnar,

pseudostratified columanr, transitional, stratified squamous, stratified cubodial,

WarmUP – correct answers get an AP buck!!

Q1: What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Q2: What are the specific characteristics of each of the muscle tissues that distinguish them from each other?

Q3: What are they eight different types of connective tissue? Name one function of each.

General Epithelial Tissues1. They are found throughout the

body: covering organs, forming inner linings of body cavities .

2. They are anchored to Connective Tissues by the basement membrane.

3. They lack blood vessels.

IF they do not have blood vessels how do you think they receive nutrients?

Answer:They receive their nutrients from the

blood vessels of the connective tissue that they are connected to.

General Epithelial Tissues

4. They divide rapidly.

5. They are tightly packed together.

6. They are classified according to their layers of cells.

Simple: composed of a single layer of cells.

Stratified: those with two or more layers of cells.

Squamous: Flattened cells.

Cuboidal: Those with cubed shaped cells.

Columnar: Elongated cells.

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: Classified by layersClassified by layers

Simple Squamous Epithelium What is Simple Squamous

Epithelium?

Thin (One layer), flattened cells

Fit tightly together with flat nuclei

Substances pass through easily by diffusion

Where would you find it?

Lines the lungs

Lines the walls of capillaries, blood and lymph vessels.

What is its function?

Helps gases exchange and other chemicals.

Simple Cubodial Epithelium What is Simple Cuboidal

Epithelium?Single layer of cells Cubed shaped cells with a

central nucleus. Where would you find it?

Covers the ovaries. Lines the kidneys and

ducts of certain glands such as: salivary glands, thyroid, pancreas and liver.

What is its function? secretion and absorption

of substances

Simple Columnar Epithelium What is Simple Columnar

Epithelium? Elongated cells (longer than

they are wide) Single layer of cells. Nucleus near the basement

membrane Can have cilia that help in

movement Where would you find it?

Lines the uterus (help move eggs to uterus).

Lines the organs of the digestive tract

What is its function? Thick tissue to protect. Secretes digestive fluids and

absorbs nutrients from digested food.

STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.

2. Review Epithelial Tissue activity- Foldable.

3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium What is Pseudostratified

Columnar Epithelium? Elongated cells (longer than

they are wide) Appears to have more than

one layer but does not. Nucleus is located at

different ends which gives it the layer look.

Have cilia Where would you find it?

Lines the passage of the respiratory system.

What is its function? Sticky to trap dust and

microorganisms that enter with air.

Goblet cells secrete mucus to help move dust.

Transitional EpitheliumTransitional EpitheliumWhat is Transitional

Epithelium?

Specialized type of epithelium cells that Can be stretched or unstretched (ovals)

Where would you find it?

The liner of the bladder, ureters and urethra.

What is its function?

can change because of increased tension.

help organs expand

STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.

2. Review Epithelial Tissue activity- Foldable.

3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

Stratified Columnar Stratified Columnar EpitheliumEpitheliumWhat is Stratified

Columnar Epithelium?Several layers of

columnar cells.

Where would you find it?Male reproductive

organs

What is its function? Allows the organ to

contract and stretch.

Stratified Cuboidal Stratified Cuboidal EpitheliumEpithelium What is Stratified Cuboidal

Epithelium?

2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells.

Where would you find it?

Lines the lumen

Lines the glands: mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas.

What is its function?

Protects ducts of glands

May let material in or out of the lumen

Stratified Squamous Epithelium What is Stratified Squamous

Epithelium?Lots of layers of the cell. Flattened as cells divide and

push the older ones outward Where would you find it?

Forms the outer layer of the skin (your epidermis)

Soft tissue part forms in the vagina

What is its function? produce keratin- a protective

material that prevents water and other substances from entering or leaving.

Protects and lines the vagina without keratin.

STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.

2. Review Epithelial Tissue activity- Foldable.

3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

STOP: Tissue PracticeSTOP: Tissue Practice

1. Tissue worksheet practice QUITELY!!

2. Tissue activity walk around. First without notes- see what you remember- second time with notes!

3. Tomorrow- Epithelial tissue microscope lab and practice.

Daily warm up 9/24

1. 2.

4.3.

General Epithelial TissuesHow do you think the characteristics we

just listed relate to what epithelial tissues do?

They divide rapidly- how does that help the body?

Injuries can heal rapidly

to these tissues, skin and

stomach cells are continually

damaged and replaced

quickly.

General Epithelial Tissues

• They are tightly packed- how does this help the cell?

• They form protective barriers in places like the outer skin, and your mouth.