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OCHIENG J
Stomach
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Location
The stomach issituated in the upper
part of the abdomen,extending frombeneath the leftcostal margin region
into the epigastricand umbilicalregions. Much of thestomach lies undercover of the lower
ribs.
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Stomach
The stomach is the dilated portion of the alimentarycanal and has three main functions: It stores food (in theadult it has a capacity of about 1500 mL), it mixes thefood with gastric secretions to form a semifluid chyme,and it controls the rate of delivery of the chyme to the
small intestine so that efficient digestion and absorptioncan take place.
The stomach is divided into four regions:
the cardia
the fundus of stomach the body of stomach
the pyloric part, which is divided into the pyloricantrum and pyloric canal and is the distal end of the
stomach
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The stomach isdivided into threeparts:
the fundus ofstomach
the body ofstomach
the pyloric part,which is dividedinto the pyloricantrum andpyloric canal
and pyloricsphincter
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thegreatercurvature ,whichis a point ofattachment for thegastrosplenic
ligament and thegreater omentum ;
thelessercurvature ,whichis a point ofattachment for thelesser omentum ;
Curvatures
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OrificesThe cardiac orifice is
where the esophagusenters the stomachAlthough no anatomicsphincter can bedemonstrated here, aphysiologicmechanism exists thatprevents regurgitation ofstomach contents intothe esophagus.
The pyloric orifice:The circular muscle coatof the stomach is muchthicker here and formsthe anatomic sphincter.The pylorus lies on thetranspyloric plane, andits position can berecognized by a slight
constriction on thesurface of the stomach.
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thecardialnotch ,which isthe superiorangle createdwhen theesophagusenters thestomach ;
theangularincisure ,whichis a bend on thelesser curvature
Notches
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Relations Anteriorly:
The
anteriorabdominalwall, theleft costal
margin, theleft pleuraand lung,thediaphragm,
and the leftlobe of the
liver
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Posteriorly: The lesser sac, the diaphragm, the spleen, the left suprarenal
gland, the upper part of the left kidney, the splenic artery, the pancreas, thetransverse mesocolon, and the transverse colon
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Posteriorly: The lesser sac, the diaphragm, the spleen, the left suprarenal
gland, the upper part of the left kidney, the splenic artery, the pancreas, thetransverse mesocolon, and the transverse colon
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Blood Supply
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ArteriesThe arteries arederived from thebranches of theceliac artery
The left gastric arteryThe right gastricartery arises from thehepatic arteryThe short gastricarteries arise fromthe splenic artery
The leftgastroepiploic arteryarises from thesplenic arteryThe rightgastroepiploic arteryarises from the
gastroduodenalbranch of the hepaticartery.
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veins
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lymphatics
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