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08-Dec-2011
1
Introduction to some
steel and raw material
developments
Workshop on steelmaking raw materials
5 December 2011
1. The fast expansion of the steel industry during last decade
2. Developments in the key steelmaking raw materials during the last decade
3. International trade of the key steelmaking raw materials
4. Issues related to steelmaking raw materials availability
08-Dec-2011
2
Fast steel market expansion since the start of this century
• Urbanization and growth of populations
• Investment and industrialisation in emerging economies
• Expanding the capital stock for output and employment growth
• Rising household incomes strengthen the demand for steel-intensive consumer items
Post 2010
expansion?
Large contribution of Chinese steel industry
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Rest of the World
China
Steel production (annualized, mmt)
Source : World Steel Association
08-Dec-2011
3
World production: steel, iron ore, coking coal
Sources: World Steel Association, UNCTAD, IEA
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000Iron ore
Coking coal
Steel
mmt
CAGR 98-2010
Steel
5.2%
Iron ore
6.0%
Coking coal
5.1%
World exports
CAGR 98-2010
Steel
(production)
5.2%
Iron ore
7.2%
Coking coal
3.3%
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400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
iron ore
coking coal
steel (production)
mmt
08-Dec-2011
4
Chinese imports
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Iron ore
Coking coal
Steel (production)
mmt
Largest trade flows: iron ore
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5
Largest trade flows: coking coal
Summary observations
• The health of the steel industry is linked to the development of the mineral and other raw material sectors;
• Most economies are not self-sufficient in steel raw materials and rely on imports;
• The need for free and uninterrupted flow of raw material supplies on world markets;
• Need to explore the market and policy factors that may improve the free flow of raw materials for steel and other manufacturing sectors.
08-Dec-2011
6
Size of the international markets of
steelmaking raw materials
Raw material
World exports
(mmt)
World exports
(billion USD)
Average
unit value
(USD/tonne)
Largest exporter
(tonnage share)
Largest importer
(tonnage share)
Iron ore 1,043 103.0 98.8 Australia
(41%)
China
(57%)
Coking Coal 271 47.7 a/
176.2 a/
Australia
(57%)
Japan(21%)
Ferrous Scrap 95 42.9 451.6 United States
(21%)
Turkey
(21%)
Sources: ISSB, IEA and OECD.
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