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7/28/2019 Statistics for M.phil Education
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Program : M.Phil Education/ MS-Library InformationSciences
Course Name: Applied Statistics in Education & Library Sciences
Course Objectives
This course aims at introducing the students to business mathematics
and build up a sound foundation for studying the higher mathematical subjectof quantitative techniques and operational research. The course will be avaluable guide to business students who will be supposed to apply the modernmathematical techniques to solve a number of basic decision-makingproblems which they will encounter in their daily business transactions.Throughout the course the basic mathematical principles are explained,illustrated and applied in solving different financial and other related businessproblems with suitable examples.
Module No 1.
INTRODUCTION
Meaning of
Statistics
Characteristics ofStatistics
Descriptive and
inferential
statistics
Populations andsamples
Importance of
statistics
Observations
and variables
Variables
Discrete andcontinuous
variables Errors of
measurement
Significant digits
Rounding off a
number
Collection of
Data
Collection ofprimary data
Collection ofsecondary data
Editing of Data
PRESENTATION OF DATA
Introduction
Classification
Aims of
classification
Basic principlesof classification
Tabulation
Types of Tables Main parts of a
table and
construction
Frequency
Distribution
Class-Limits
Class-boundaries
Class-Mark
Class width or
interval
Constructing agrouped
Frequency
Distribution
Cumulative
frequencydistribution
Graphical
Representation
Frequency
polygon
Frequency Curve Cumulative
Frequency
polygon or Ogive
Ogive for
Discrete curves
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MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY OR AVERAGES
Introduction
Criteria of a
satisfactory
Average Types of
Averages
The Arithmeticmean
Mean from
Grouped data
Change of origin
and scale The Geometric
mean
The harmonicmean
The median
Quantiles
The mode
Empirical relationbetween mean
median and mode
TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
Introduction
Components of atime series
Secular trend Seasonal
variations
Cyclical
fluctuations
Irregular or
random variations Time series
decomposition
Analysis the
secular trend
The method of
freshand curve
The method of
semi-averages The method of
moving Averages
The method of
least-squares
Module No 2.
Sampling Distribution Sampling Distribution of the
mean Central Limit Theorem
Sampling Distribution of
Difference between Means.
Sampling Distribution of a
Sample Proportion
Sampling Distribution of
Difference between Proportions. Estimates and Estimators
Point Estimation
Criteria for Good point Estimators
Pooled Estimators from two or
more
Samples
Estimation by Confidence Interval
Confidence Interval Estimate of a
Population Mean
Interpretation of a Confidenceinterval Confidence Interval for
Difference of Mean
Confidence Interval for
Population Proportion
Confidence Interval for the
Difference between Proportions
One-Sided confidence IntervalSample size for Estimating
Population Mean
Sample size for Estimating
Population
Proportion Exercises.
Hypotheses
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Null and Alternative Hypotheses
Simple and Composite
Hypotheses
Test-Statistic
Acceptance and Rejection
Regions Type I and Type II Errors
The Power of a Test
The significance
One-Tailed and Two-tailed Tests
Sample size when a and B are
specified
Formulation of Hypotheses
General Procedure for Testing
Hypotheses
Tests Based on NormalDistribution
Testing Hypothesis about Mean of
a Normal Population when is
Known
Testing Hypothesis about Mean of
a Non-Normal Population when
sample size is large
Testing Hypotheses about
difference between Two
population Means Testing Hypotheses about a
population Proportion when
sample size is large
Testing Hypothesis about
Difference between Twoproportion
Testing Hypotheses about
standard Deviation Large Samples
Relationship between Confidence
Interval and tests of Hypotheses.
The Students t-distribution
Properties of Students t-
distribution
The t-tables Distribution of Difference of
Sample Means: Small Samples
and 1=2
Assumptions in Using t-
distribution
Confidence interval Estimates o
Means From Small Sample.
Small Sample Tests of Means
Testing Hypothesis about Mean of
a Normal population when isunknown and n
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Confidence interval Estimate of a,
the intercept of regression line.
Confidence interval Estimate of
mean value for a given value
of X.
Prediction interval of anindividual y value for a given
value of X.
Hypothesis testing in the
regression model
Testing hypothesis about B, the
population regression coefficient
Testing Hypothesis about a, the
intercept of population regression
Testing hypothesis about mean
value Testing hypothesis about
population variance
Testing hypothesis about Equality
of regression coefficient of two
regression lines
Testing hypothesis about the
linearity of regression
Confidence interval Estimatefor population correlation
coefficient
Hypothesis testing about
correlation coefficient
Testing the hypothesis that p=p0
(0)
Testing hypothesis about equality
of two correlations
Testing hypothesis about p=0 Testing hypothesis about the
equality of several correlations
Recommended Books
1. MATHEMATICS FOR BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS --- Robert H.Nicholson.
2. BUSINESS MATHEMATICS Mirza & Mirza 3rd Edition (1995):Farooq Kitab Ghar Karachi.
3. STATISTICAL THEORY PART-I -- Sher Mohammad Chaudhry,
Recommended