View
2
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Why A.I.?
Heifers• Reduce calving difficulty without
sacrificing performance by using proven sires
• Improve reproductive performance– Heifers calve early in the calving season– Less dystocia helps heifers breed back
• Cost – competes favorably with buying low birthweight bulls
Why A.I.?
Cows• Produce seedstock – bulls and
replacement females• Cost – introduce specific desired genetics
with small investment• Manage risk by using proven sires
Why A.I.?
Get cows and heifers pregnant
Estrous Synchronization combined with A.I. is a reproductive and genetics management tool.
GoalsImportant to have a desired outcome of the
A.I. program• Cow herd
– Genetics are permanent and cumulative– Decisions made today can impact the herd
for 10 to 20 years– Bull power is easy to change, cow herd is not– Length of calving season
• manage with heifer breeding season length
Goals
• Heifers– Calving ease– Calve early in calving season to help
reproductive performance• First step to manage calving season length
– Potential seedstock source (bulls, replacement heifers)
-4.00%-2.00%0.00%2.00%4.00%6.00%8.00%
10.00%12.00%
First 21days
Second 21days
Third 21days
Last 21days
Lifetime Average ROI per Female as Affected by Date of Calving as a Two-Year-Old
L. R. Sprott, TX A&M, 2001
Summary data: 5 TX herds, 1500+ head
Cows that calve earlier wean heavier calves and make more
moneyProfit Index by 21-Day Calving Interval
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Early 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Late
Prof
it In
dex
(ave
rage
=100
)
Source: Harlan Hughes, 2005, based on 10+ yrsof data from NDSU CHAPS program
The calving season should be front loaded
Synchronization can help frontload the calving season
Synchronization and A.I. of yearling heifers, followed by synch and A.I. after their first calf, can nearly eliminate late-calving cows through their second calf.
Subsequent Calving Profile of Second-Calf Cows (bred natural vs. synch-A.I.)
0%20%40%60%80%
100%
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Calving Interval
Natural ServiceSynch / A.I.
The Value of Synchronization
Day ofBreeding Season 0--------------------21--------------------42--------------------63
Day ofBreeding Season 0----------------------23--------------------44--------------------65
1st Cycle 2nd Cycle 3rd Cycle
1st
Non Synchronized
Synchronized
More Calves• More chances to conceive during the
breeding season• Some synch systems induce cows to
cycle earlier
2nd Cycle 3rd Cycle 4th Cycle
50% + 50% + 50% = 88%
TotalPregnancy
Rate
+ 50% + 50% = 94%
TotalPregnancy
Rate
50% + 50%
Heavier Calves• Calves are born earlier on average• 9 days x 2.0 ADG x $1.10 = $19.80
Up to 9 day advantage Will pay for
almost any synch program
How to Choose the Right Estrous Synchronization
Protocol(s)
The most effective synchronization protocols are included in the Protocol
Sheets developed by Beef Reproduction Task Force
Three Basic Types
• Heat Detection Only
• Heat Detection + Clean-up Timed A.I.
• Fixed Time A.I.
Consult www.beefrepro.info for most current protocols and tips for success
BBEEFEEF CCOWOW SSYNCHRONIZATIONYNCHRONIZATION PPROTOCOLSROTOCOLS
Select SynchHEAT DETECTION
FIXED-TIME AI (TAI)
Select Synch
+ CIDR®
Select Synch & TAI
Select Synch + CIDR® & TAI
7-day CO-Synch + CIDR®
Heat detect and AI day 7 to 10 and TAI all non-responders 72 - 84 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI.
Perform TAI at 60 to 66 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI.
GnRH
PG
Cystorelin®, Factrel®, Fertagyl®, OvaCyst®
Estrumate®, In-Synch®, Lutalyse®, ProstaMate®
HEAT DETECT & TIME AI (TAI)
7 13
PGGnRH
0 4Heat detect & AI
treatment day
GnRH
7
PGGnRH
0Heat detect & AI
10
AICIDR® .. 72 - 84 hr
..treatment day
7
PGGnRH
0 10
GnRH
AICIDR®
.. 60 - 66 hr ..
treatment day
7 13
CIDR®
0
GnRH PG
Heat detect & AItreatment day
Heat detect and AI day 4 to 10 and TAI all non-responders 72 – 84 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI.
GnRH
0 4 7
PG
Heat detect & AI10
GnRH
AI.. 72 - 84 hr
..treatment day
5-day CO-Synch + CIDR®
Two injections of PG 8 ± 2 hr apart are required for this protocol. Perform TAI at 72 ± 2 hr after 1st PG with GnRH at TAI.
5
PGGnRH
0 8
GnRH
AICIDR®
….... 72 ± 2 hr ……
treatment day
PG…8±2 hr…
PG 6-day CIDR® & TAIHeat detect and AI days 0 to 3. Administer CIDR to non-responders and heat detect and AI days 9 to 12. TAI non-responders 72 - 84 hr after CIDR removal with GnRH at AI Protocol may be used in heifers.
9
PG
Heat detect & AI12
GnRH
30
PG
Heat detect & AI
CIDR®
treatment day
GnRH
AI.. 72 - 84 hr ..
9
PG
Heat detect & AI12
GnRH
3
PG
0Heat detect & AI
treatment day
CIDR®
PG 6-day CIDR®
Administer CIDR to non-responders & heat detect and AI days 9 to 12. Protocol may be used in heifers.
BEEF HEIFER SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS
1 Shot PG
HEAT DETECTION HEAT DETECT & TIME AI (TAI)
FIXED-TIME AI (TAI)
CIDR®-PG
MGA®-PG
MGA®-PG & TAI
Select Synch + CIDR® & TAI
CO-Synch + CIDR®
MGA®-PG
Heat detect and AI day 7 to 10 and TAI all non-responders 72 - 84 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI.
Heat detect and AI day 33 to 36 and TAI all non-responders 72 - 84 hrs after PG with GnRH at TAI.
Perform TAI at 54 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI.
Perform TAI at 72 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI.
6
GnRH
PG
Cystorelin®, Factrel®, Fertagyl®, OvaCyst®
Estrumate®, In-Synch®, Lutalyse®, ProstaMate®
PG
Heat detect & AI-5 0treatment day
MGA
1 14
PG
33
Heat detect & AI
GnRH
36
AI.. 72 - 84 hr ..… 19 d …
treatment dayGnRH
0 7
PG
9
GnRH
AICIDR®
.. 54 hr ..
treatment day
MGA
1 14
PG
33 36
GnRH
AI… 19 d … .. 72 hr ..
treatment day
MGA
1 14
PG
33 39
Heat detect & AI
… 19 d …
treatment day
0 7 13
CIDR®
PG
Heat detect & AItreatment day
GnRH
0 7
PG
Heat detect & AI10
GnRH
AICIDR®
.. 72 - 84 hr ..
treatment day
7
PGGnRH
0
Heat detect & AI
10
GnRH
AICIDR®
Select Synch + CIDR® & TAIHeat detect and AI day 7 to 10 and TAI all non-responders 72 - 84 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI.
.. 72 - 84 hr ..
treatment day
BEEF COW PROTOCOLS - 2011
Select Synch
7 13
PGGnRH
0 6
Heat detect & AItreatment day
Select Synch + CIDR®
7 130
GnRH PG
Heat detect & AItreatment day
HEAT DETECT & TIME AI (TAI)
GnRH
0 6 7
PG
Heat detect & AI
10
GnRH
AI
Select Synch & TAIHeat detect and AI day 6 to 10 and TAI all non-responders 72 – 84 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI.
.. 72 - 84 hr ..
treatment day
CIDR®
9
PG
Heat detect & AI
12
PG 6-day CIDR®
GnRH
30
PG
Heat detect & AI
Heat detect and AI days 0 to 3. Administer CIDR to non-responders and heat detect and AI days 9 to 12. Protocol may be used in heifers.
9
PG
Heat detect & AI
12
GnRH
AI
PG 6-day CIDR® & TAI
.. 72 - 84 hr ..
GnRH
3
PG
Heat detect & AI days 0 to 3. Administer CIDR to non-responders & heat detect and AI days 9 to 12. TAI non-responders 72 - 84 hr after CIDR removal with GnRH at AI. Protocol may be used in heifers.
0Heat detect & AI
CIDR®
treatment day
treatment dayCIDR®
FIXED-TIME AI (TAI)*
7
PGGnRH
0 10
GnRH
AICIDR®
7-day CO-Synch + CIDR®Perform TAI at 60 to 66 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI.
.. 60 - 66 hr ..
treatment day
5
PGGnRH
0 8
GnRH
AICIDR®
5-day CO-Synch + CIDR®
…..72 ± 2 hr..
treatment day
8±2 hr
Two injections of PG 8 ± 2 hr apart are required for this protocol.
PG
Perform TAI at 72 ± 2 hr after 1st PG with GnRH at TAI.
GnRH Cystorelin®, Factrel®, Fertagyl®, OvaCyst®
PG estroPLAN®, Estrumate®, In-Synch®, Lutalyse®, ProstaMate®
Beef Reproduction Task ForceApproved 12-01-10
HEAT DETECTION Cost LaborSelect Synch Low Medium/HighSelect Synch + CIDR® High Medium PG 6-day CIDR® Medium Medium/High
HEAT DETECT & TAI Cost LaborSelect Synch Low Medium/High(TAI non-responders 72-84 hr after PG)
Select Synch + CIDR® High Medium (TAI non-responders 72-84 hr after PG)
PG 6-day CIDR® Medium Medium/High(TAI non-responders 72-84 hr after PG)
FIXED-TIME AI (TAI) Cost Labor7-day CO-Synch + CIDR® High Medium (TAI 60 to 66 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI)
5-day CO-Synch + CIDR® High High(TAI 72 ± 2 hr after 1st PG with GnRH at TAI)
•The times listed for “Fixed-time AI” should be considered as the approximate average time of insemination. This should be based on the number of cows to inseminate, labor, and facilities.
HEAT DETECTION
1 Shot PG
HEAT DETECTION
PG
Heat detect & AI
0 125
treatment day
7-day CIDR®-PG
0 7 13
CIDR®
PG
Heat detect & AItreatment day
MGA®-PG
MGA
1 14
PG
33 39
Heat detect & AI
… 19 d …
treatment day
HEAT DETECT & TIME AI (TAI)Select Synch + CIDR® & TAI
GnRH
0 7
PG
Heat detect & AI
10
GnRH
AICIDR®
Heat detect and AI day 7 to 10 and TAI all non-responders 72 - 84 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI.
.. 72 - 84 hr ..
treatment day
MGA®-PG & TAI
MGA
1 14
PG
33
Heat detect & AI
GnRH
36
AI
Heat detect and AI day 33 to 36 and TAI all non-responders 72 - 84 hrs after PG with GnRH at TAI.
.. 72 - 84 hr ..… 19 d …
treatment day
14-day CIDR®-PG & TAI
0 14
PG
30
Heat detect & AI
GnRH
33
AI
Heat detect and AI day 30 to 33 and TAI all non-responders 72 hrs after PG with GnRH at TAI.
… 16 d …
treatment day
CIDR®
..70 - 74 hr ..
FIXED-TIME AI (TAI)*
GnRH
0 7
PG
9
GnRH
AICIDR®
7-day CO-Synch + CIDR®
.. 54 ± 2 hr ..
treatment day
Perform TAI at 54 ± 2 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI.
MGA®-PG
MGA
1 14
PG
33 36
GnRH
AI
Perform TAI at 72 ± 2 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI.
… 19 d … 72 ± 2 hr
treatment day
14-day CIDR®-PG
CIDR ®
0 14
PG
30 33
GnRH
AI
Perform TAI at 66 ± 2 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI.
66 ± 2 hr
treatment day
... 16 d …
HEAT DETECTION Cost Labor1 Shot PG Low High7-day CIDR®-PG High MediumMGA®-PG Low Low/Medium
HEAT DETECT & TAI Cost LaborSelect Synch + CIDR® High Medium(TAI non-responders 72-84 hr after PG)
MGA®-PG Medium Medium(TAI non-responders 72-84 hr after PG)
14-day CIDR®-PG High Medium(TAI non-responders 70-74 hr after PG)
FIXED-TIME AI (TAI) Cost Labor7-day CO-Synch + CIDR® High Medium (TAI 54 ± 2 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI)
MGA®-PG Medium Medium(TAI 72 ± 2 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI)
14-day CIDR®-PG High Medium(TAI 66 ± 2 hr after PG with GnRH at TAI)
Beef Reproduction Task ForceApproved 12-01-10
•The times listed for “Fixed-time AI” should be considered as the approximate average time of insemination. This should be based on the number of heifers to inseminate, labor, and facilities.
BEEF HEIFER PROTOCOLS - 2011
Management Considerations
• Schedule Estrous Synchronization/AI.– Use calendar or synchronization planner to develop
schedule – know when each application needs to be completed
– Consult A.I. Professional for assistance in developing and implementing program if necessary
– Plan purchase of synchronization products, semen, and supplies well in advance of use
• Some synchronization products require prescription• Use semen from reputable AI stud from bulls meeting
health standards
Management Considerations
• Proper nutrition (energy, protein, vitamins, minerals, water all important).
• Good herd health program.
• Adequate working facilities.
• Low stress cattle handling.
Synchronization Application• Give pre-breeding vaccinations at least 30 days
before breeding• Read directions and cautions – make certain
right product is being used at the right time• Use proper vaccination technique
– Each animal must receive correct dosage, use single dose syringe if necessary
– Use 18 gauge needles• Take time to make sure products are properly
administered
Heat Detection
When using protocol that includes heat detection nearly half of the cattle could be in heat at the same time
• Dedicate time and manpower to do a great job of heat detection
• Sort and remove detected females as they are identified
• Use detection aids for assistance
Artificial Insemination
• Review semen handling and insemination procedures prior to breeding
• Check thaw unit temperature • Use recommended thawing procedures• Inseminate cattle within 24 hours of
detection – timing is not as critical as accurate detection when using a heat detection protocol
Reasonable Expectations
Equation of Reproduction
• A = % of Herd Detected in Heat/Effectiveness of Synchronization and Fixed Time A.I. Program
• B = Inseminator Efficiency in %
• C = Herd’s Fertility Level in %
• D = Semen Fertility Level in %
Equation of Reproduction
• Product of Multiplying the Four Factors
• A x B x C x D = % pregnancy
• Total Can NOT be Larger Than the Smallest Percentage
Percent Pregnancies
Ideal FactorsA = 90%B = 100%C = 90%D = 95%A x B x C x D =
77% Pregnant
Factors Reduced 10%A = 80%B = 90%C = 80%D = 85%A x B x C x D =
49% Pregnant
Multi-State CIDR Trial
• Results vary between herds• Protocols with Heat Detection + Clean-up
Timed A.I. or Fixed Time A.I. yield most pregnancies
Pregnancy Rates after Estrus Detection Alone vs TAI - heifers
49.1
9.9 10.5
53.144.6 46.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
CIDR-PG & TAI Select Synch+CIDR&TAI
CO-Synch+CIDR CIDR-PG+TAI
%
Treatment
54.5 57.353.1
49.1
P = 0.221
Effect of Location on Pregnancy Rates
61
38
74
5358 57 55
39
485353 54
0
20
40
60
80
IL-1 IL-2 KS-1 KS-2 MN-1 MN-2 MT-1 MT-2 MT-3 ND OH-1 OH-2
Locations
%
Pregnancy Rates after Estrus Detection Alone vs TAI - Cows
41
14 1210
485439 43
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
CIDR-PG & TAI CO-Synch COSynch+CIDR Select Synch &TAI
SelectSync+CIDR and
TAI
%
TreatmentP < 0.05
a ba,bcb
53
43
54 5358
Effect of Location on Pregnancy Rates
64
4653
48
3942
57 5852
55
475453
67
0
20
40
60
80
IL-1 IL-2 IN KS-1 KS-2 MN-1 MN-2 MN-3 MT OH-1 OH-2 OH-3 OH-4 TN
%
Locations
• Research continues to be done to improve synchronization protocols and A.I. results
• As improvements to synchronization systems are made they will be added to the protocol sheets
• Work to stay up to date on the use of reproductive technologies
www.beefrepro.info
Success Factors• Good year-round nutrition program• Good herd health program• Cows body condition score 5+ at calving
– Heifers 5+ without getting too fat• Post-partum interval > 45 days at breeding• Cattle gaining weight at breeding• Good facilities – minimize stress on cattle and
people• Proven synchronization protocol & application• High quality semen & technicians• Don’t be afraid to ask for help
Recommended