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Stainless Steel
Machining
1
2
Table of contents
• UGITECH in few words.
• Stainless steel machinability : Definition & Criteria
• Role of Inclusions. (Sulphides, Oxides, UGIMA® Oxides)
• Machinability Comparisons
• Grades Data
• Ugitech : expertise, experience, customization
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
3
UGITECH
Turnover 750 Million Euros
Sales 195 Kt
Employees 2000 p.
2008 Key figures:
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
UGITECH
2 main marketsStrong presence in Europe and a ambition
to develop Export
2008 figures 2008 figures
Our ambition: optimize our positions on the world markets :
4PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
5
UGITECH
Round Bars Wire rod Drawn wireHexagonalBars
A wide range of products to answer the customer demand:
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
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UGITECH.
• CUSTOMIZATION : Thanks to commercial and technical assistance for the customers needs;
• INNOVATION : Through a policy of our offer’s evolution (product / service) and strong skills in marketing and R&D;
• RELIABILITY : With a single streams management and an unique control system ( SAP).
Three key factors of success which make the difference:
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
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Machinability : Definition & Criteria
A tentative definition
• The ability to undergo a shaping process by removing the excess material in a form of chips with a cutting tool.
• The ability of the SS to generate short – well broken chips
GoodBad
flank wear
depth of cut notch weartrailing
edge notch wear
crater wear
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
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Machinability : Definition & Criteria
How to measure
• The ability of stainless steels to avoid too important tool wear
Looking for the cutting speed Vc to have a flank wear of 0.15 mm in 15 min of
effective cutting.
Flank wear
Vb 15/0.15 Test
Ugima 4307HM - coulée n° 348121 - rond de 73Outil : KC9225 - kennametal
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
0 3 6 9 12 15 18Temps (min)
Usu
re V
b (1
/100
mm
)
300m/min320m/min
f = 0.25 mm/revap = 1.5 mm
Higher is the Vb15/0.15better is the grade
f
apVc
Tool
PCV Expo - Stainless Steel Machining
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Machinability : Definition & Criteria
How to measure
• The ability of stainless steels to generate small well broken chips
Looking for the area (in terms of feed rate and depth of cut) where the chips
are short enough
The Chip Breaking Zonef
apVc
Tool
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4
f (m
m/tr
)
ap (mm)
UGI 4462Insert: Sumitomo AC610M CNMG 120408-NGU
short chips
long chips
Wider the blue zone isbetter is the grade
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
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Machinability : Role of inclusions
Classification of stainless steels
• Stainless steels can be classified in 3 families depending on their machinability
• Easy to machine : 1.4305, 1.4570, 1.4105 ... (High Sulphur)
• Fairly to machine : 1.4301, 1.4401... (Low Sulphur)
• Hard to machine : 1.4462, 1.4507, ESRR grades ... (Very low sulphur)
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
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Machinability : Role of inclusions
Role of sulphides
• Basically manganese sulphides
• Malleable at the temperature reached in the cutting area
• Localisation of the deformation in shear zones around them• Easier chip breaking• Easier chip removal
1.4307 : 0.025% S
1.4305 : 0.300% S
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
12
Machinability : Role of inclusions
Role of sulphides
• Basically manganese sulphides
• Malleable at the temperature reached in the cutting area
• Formation of a lubrication layer• Allows higher speeds• Increase tool life
• But Manganese sulphides lower the other properties of Stainless Steels (corrosion resistance, forgeability, weldability, ...)
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
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Machinability : Role of inclusions
Role of the oxides
• Uncontrolled oxides
• “Natural” oxides are very hard / brittle
• They hurt machining tools
Alumina Chromites Silica
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
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Machinability : Role of inclusions
Role of the oxides
• “Controlled” oxides : UGIMA®
• Formation of specific oxides
• No bad effect on tool life
Hot rolling
Anor
Gehl
Mull
Cris
Trid
Cor
Chaux
Pswl
2 liq
c3s2
c2sc3s
ca6
ca2
ca
c12a7
c3a
1700
16001500
14001300
1500
1600
17001400
1500
13001400
1500
1800
15001400
1600
1700
2500
2400
230022002100
2100
20001900
180017001600
1900
2000
SiO2
CaO Al2O3
Ugima Oxides
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
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Machinability : Role of inclusions
Role of the UGIMA® oxides
• Basically Al2O3-SiO2-CaO Oxides
• Malleable at the temperature reached in the cutting area (if high cutting speeds)
• Localisation of the deformation in shear zones around them• Easier chip breaking• Easier chip removal 1.4301 : 0.025% S + UGIMA® oxides1.4301 : 0.025% S
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
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Machinability : Role of inclusions
Role of the UGIMA® oxides
• Basically manganese sulphides
• Malleable at the temperature reached in the cutting area
• Formation of a lubrication layer• Allows higher speeds• Increase tool life
• And UGIMA® Oxides do not lower the other properties of Stainless Steels (corrosion resistance, forgeability, weldability, ...)
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
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Grades : Machinability comparisons
UGIMA® effects
1.4404
S < 0.030200
300
UGIMA = increase of cutting speed / productivity of 25%
UGIMA 4404
250
Corrosion Resistance
Turn
ing
Spee
d (m
/min
)
With
car
bide
tool
s
Feed : 0.25 mm/revDepth of cut : 1.5 mm
No lubricantTool : Z250 Stellram SNMG 120408-95
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
UGIMA = + 25%
Productivity
1.4305
S = 0.300%S < 0.030%
UGIMA = + 45%
Productivity
UGIMA 4305
UGIMA 4301
1.4301
200
Corrosion Resistance
Turn
ing
Spee
d (m
/min
)
With
a c
arbi
de to
ol
300
400
500
Grades : Machinability comparisonsFeed : 0.25 mm/rev
Depth of cut : 1.5 mmNo lubricant
Tool : Z250 Stellram SNMG 120408-95
UGIMA® effects
18PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
Improved machinability precipitation hardening martensitic steel
• Productivity increased +30% compared with standard grade
• Tool life : Doubled
• Greater ease in carrying out delicate machining operations.
Grades : UGIMA® 4542
19PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
Improved machinability martensitic steel
• Increase in Productivity : +10% -> 20% compared with standard grade
• Tool life : Doubled
• Greater ease in carrying out delicate machining operations.
Grades : UGIMA® 4057
UGINE 4057 UGIMA®4057
Q (cm3/mn)
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
Chi
p flo
w (c
m3/
mn
Coated Carbide Insert Turning
+20%
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
Chi
ps fl
ow (c
m3/
mn)
UGINE 4057 UGIMA®4057
Drilling with HSS 4 mm diameter drill
+100%
1517192123252729
Chi
ps fl
owx
(cm
3/m
n)
UGINE 4057 UGIMA®4057
Drilling with plain carbide 6 mm diameter drill
+15 %
20PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
30 UGIMA® grades available
DESIGNATION CONFORM TO EUROPE / USA EN 10088-3 AISI
1 - UGIMA® 4301 = UGIMA® 304 1.4301 X5 Cr Ni 18-10 304 2 - UGIMA® 4301FG = UGIMA® 304FG 1.4301 X5 Cr Ni 18-10 304 3 - UGIMA® 4307 = UGIMA® 304L 1.4307 X2 Cr Ni 18-9 304L 4 - UGIMA® 4307FG = UGIMA® 304L FG 1.4307 X2 Cr Ni 18-9 304L 5 - UGIMA® 4307HM = UGIMA® 304L HM 1.4307 X2 Cr Ni 18-9 304L 6 - UGIMA® 4306 1.4306 X2 Cr Ni 19-11 304L 7 - UGIMA® 4306FG 1.4306 X2 Cr Ni 19-11 304L 8 - UGIMA® 4567 = UGIMA® 304CU 1.4567 X3 Cr Ni 19-11 304Cu 9 - UGIMA® 4305 = UGIMA® NSU 1.4305 X8 Cr Ni S 18-9 303 10 - UGIMA® 4305HD = UGIMA® 303HD 1.4305 X8 Cr Ni S 18-9 303 11 - UGIMA® 4305HM = UGIMA® NSU HM 1.4305 X8 Cr Ni S 18-9 303 12 - UGIMA® 303XL 303 13 - UGIMA® 4570 = UGIMA® 303UX 1.4570 X6 Cr Ni Cu S 18-9-2 14 - UGIMA® 4401 = UGIMA® 316 1.4401 X5 Cr Ni Mo 17-12-2 316 15 - UGIMA® 4401FG = UGIMA® 316FG 1.4401 X5 Cr Ni Mo 17-12-2 316 16 - UGIMA® 4404 = UGIMA® 316L 1.4404 X2 Cr Ni Mo 17-12-2 316L 17 - UGIMA® 4404FG = UGIMA® 316L FG 1.4404 X2 Cr Ni Mo 17-12-2 316L 18 - UGIMA® 4404HM = UGIMA® 316L XL 1.4404 X2 Cr Ni Mo 17-12-2 316L 19 - UGIMA® 4436 = UGIMA® 316Mo 1.4436 X3 Cr Ni Mo 17-13-3 20 - UGIMA® 4435 = UGIMA® 316LMo 1.4435 X2 Cr Ni Mo 18-14-3 21 - UGIMA® 4435FG = UGIMA® 316LMoFG 1.4435 X2 Cr Ni Mo 18-14-3 22 - UGIMA® 4435ICH = UGIMA® 316LWI 1.4435 X2 Cr Ni Mo 18-14-3 23 - UGIMA® 4571 = UGIMA® 316Ti 1.4571 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 316Ti 24 - UGIMA® 4460 = UGIMA® 329 1.4460 X3 Cr Ni Mo N 27-5-2 329 25 - UGIMA® 4021 = UGIMA® 420A 1.4021 X20 Cr 13 420A 26 - UGIMA® 4006 = UGIMA® 410 1.4006 X12 Cr 13 410 27 - UGIMA® 4028 = UGIMA® 420B 1.4028 X30 Cr 13 420B 28 - UGIMA® 4542 = UGIMA® 630 1.4542 X5 CrNiCuNb16-4 630 29 - UGIMA® 4057 = UGIMA® 431 1.4057 X17CrNi16-2 431 30 - UGIMA® 4104 1.4104 X14CrMoS17
21PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
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UGITECH : Tailor-made technical expertise
TO INNOVATE : Means
• To launch new products,
• To develop current products,
• To optimize the industrial process,
• To adopt recent technologies from R&D center.
20 % of our today products did not exist 6 years ago.
A very innovative Research Center at our customer service:
• Providing of finished pieces,
• Customized products.
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
• Values shared by all the Ugitech’s employees.
• Customers recognize UGITECH as the reference in technical products.
• Experts dedicated to the operational needs of customers
• Experts dedicated to our metallurgical process.
• Constant quality to reach « 0 defect » internally as well as externally
• The respect for delivery times is a major objective of commercial and production teams
UGITECH : Quality & reliability
23
Quality and reliability remain our priorities.
PCV Expo –Stainless Steel Machining – Oct 2009
Thank You for your Attention
24PCV Expo - Stainless Steel Machining
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