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Introduction 9
Introduction 10
Section 1-1
Guide to Reading
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Jamestown in 1607 became the first successfully established English colony in North America.
Main Idea
Section 1-3
Guide to Reading (cont.)
Economic Factors Many settlers journeyed to America with the hope of making a fortune.
Section Theme
Section 1-4
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English soldier’s helmet, Jamestown
Section 1-5
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England in America • The English defeat of the Spanish Armada
ended Spanish control of the seas in 1588
(pages 70–71)(pages 70–71)
• England and other European nations could begin colonies in North America because it was now safe to sail the waters.
Section 1-5a
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• Sir Walter Raleigh sent about 100 men to settle on Roanoke Island off the coast of present-day North Carolina in 1585.
(pages 70–71)(pages 70–71)
• After the difficult winter there, the colonists returned to England.
England in America (cont.)
Section 1-6
England in America (cont.) • A second group of settlers came in 1587.
(pages 70–71)(pages 70–71)
• This group of Roanoke colonists deserted the island and disappeared.
• I. Roanoke 1585 Unsuccessful
• II. Spanish Armada Defeated 1588
• III. 1607 Jamestown Est.
• IV. Virginia Company looking for Gold.
• V. Almost Failed
• VI. John Smith hard worker/ruler 2 years.
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Section 1-8
Jamestown Settlement • In April 1607, settlers sent by the Virginia
Company in London entered Chesapeake Bay and founded Jamestown.
(pages 71–73)(pages 71–73)
• They faced many hardships.
• For example, they found no gold nor did they establish the fish or fur trading expected of them by the Virginia Company investors.
• The number of colonists dwindled.
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Section 1-9
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• Captain John Smith governed the colony for the first two years.
• When Smith returned to England, the lack of strong leadership caused problems.
• A harsh winter and more trouble continued to plague the colonists.
Jamestown Settlement (cont.)
(pages 71–73)(pages 71–73)
Section 1-9
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• When the colonists discovered how to grow tobacco, the colony began to prosper. Tobacco Saved The Day!!!!!
• Relations with the Native Americans living nearby also improved when one of the colonists, John Rolfe, married Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powhatan.
Jamestown Settlement (cont.)
(pages 71–73)(pages 71–73)
Section 1-10
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• The Virginia Company allowed a representative government in which ten towns in the colony each sent two representatives, or burgesses, to an assembly.
• The assembly made local laws.
• The House of Burgesses met for the first time on July 30, 1619.
• In 1619 ninety women were sent to Jamestown so that families could form and the population could increase.
Jamestown Settlement (cont.)
(pages 71–73)(pages 71–73)
Section 1-11
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• In 1619 twenty Africans came to Jamestown.
• They were sold to Virginia planters to work in the tobacco fields.
• They may have come as servants, not as slaves.
Jamestown Settlement (cont.)
(pages 71–73)(pages 71–73)
Section 1-11
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• Until 1640 some Africans were free and some owned property.
• Slavery became legal in the 1660s.
Jamestown Settlement (cont.)
(pages 71–73)(pages 71–73)
Section 1-16
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Reviewing Themes
Economic Factors What economic activity helped save the Jamestown settlement?
Growing tobacco helped save the Jamestown settlement.
Section 1-17
Critical Thinking
Making Inferences Why do you think the king of England was willing to let a group of merchants try to establish a colony in North America?
The king wanted both the political power of ruling overseas colonies and economic rewards without risking his nation’s resources on the venture.
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Section 2-3
Guide to Reading (cont.)
Civic Rights and Responsibilities Puritan and Pilgrim colonists settled in America in search of religious freedom.
Section Theme
Section 2-4
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Shoes, Plymouth Colony
Section 2-5
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Religious Freedom • There were two groups of Protestants in
England.
(pages 76–78)(pages 76–78)
• Those who wanted to reform the Anglican Church were Puritans.
• Those who wanted to leave and set up their own church were Separatists.
Section 2-5
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(pages 76–78)(pages 76–78)
• Some of these Separatists were given a guarantee by the Virginia Company to be able to practice their religion freely if they settled in Virginia.
• In return they had to share their profits with the Virginia Company.
• These people called themselves Pilgrims.
Religious Freedom (cont.)
Section 2-6
• The Mayflower carried Pilgrims to settle the Virginia colony.
Religious Freedom (cont.)
(pages 76–78)(pages 76–78)
• They landed north, however, at Plymouth, Massachusetts, due to the oncoming winter.
• Plymouth was not part of the Virginia Company territory and its laws did not apply.
• So the Pilgrims drew up the Mayflower Compact to provide laws to live by.
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Section 2-7
• The Pilgrims received help from the Native Americans in learning to plant crops and in hunting and fishing.
Religious Freedom (cont.)
(pages 76–78)(pages 76–78)
• Without them the Pilgrims may not have survived.
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Section 2-8
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How do you think the Pilgrims’ lives in America compared to their lives in England?
Possible answer: In America, Pilgrims gained religious freedom, established a new government, and learned to adapt to a new environment. In England, Pilgrims lived under religious persecution, established laws, and difficult economic conditions.
Religious Freedom (cont.)
(pages 76–78)(pages 76–78)
Section 2-9
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New Settlements • More hard times beset the Puritans in
England.
(pages 78–80)(pages 78–80)
• In 1629 a group received a royal charter and formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony located north of Plymouth.
• The group settled in Boston with John Winthrop as their governor.
Section 2-9
• During the Great Migration in the 1630s, more than 15,000 Puritans came to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and economic difficulties in England.
(pages 78–80)(pages 78–80)
New Settlements (cont.)
Section 2-10
New Settlements (cont.)
(pages 78–80)(pages 78–80)
• All adult male church members who also owned property could vote for their representatives to the General Court.
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Section 2-11
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• Although the Puritans left England for religious freedom in America, they criticized, or persecuted, people who held religious beliefs other than theirs.
• This led to the formation of new colonies in America.
• Colonists began to settle along the fertile Connecticut River valley in the 1630s.
New Settlements (cont.)
(pages 78–80)(pages 78–80)
Section 2-13
• Roger Williams, a minister, established Rhode Island, where religious toleration existed.
New Settlements (cont.)
(pages 78–80)(pages 78–80)
• People of all faiths could worship as they pleased.
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Section 2-14
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Why were the Puritans so intolerant of religious views other than their own?
Possible answer: Once in North America, they expected everyone to think and believe as they did and did not want to deal with differing views.
New Settlements (cont.)
(pages 78–80)(pages 78–80)
Section 2-17
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Reviewing Themes
Civic Rights and Responsibilities What freedom did Rhode Island offer that other colonies did not?
Rhode Island offered religious freedom.
Section 3-4
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English royal plate
Section 3-10
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Pennsylvania • William Penn received a large tract of land
in America from the king as a repayment of a debt. The colony was Pennsylvania.
(pages 84–85)(pages 84–85)
• Penn, a Quaker, saw Pennsylvania as a chance to put the Quaker ideas of tolerance and equality into practice.
• He designed the city of Philadelphia and wrote the first constitution.
Section 3-11
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• To encourage settlers to Pennsylvania, he advertised the colony throughout Europe in several languages.
• By 1683 more than 3,000 English, Welsh, Irish, Dutch, and German people settled there.
Pennsylvania (cont.)
(pages 84–85)(pages 84–85)
Section 3-13
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Why was religious toleration and equality important to the settlers of Pennsylvania?
They were Quakers and believed in these ideals.
Pennsylvania (cont.)
(pages 84–85)(pages 84–85)
Section 3-16
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Reviewing Themes
Individual Action How did William Penn earn the respect of Native Americans?
He honored their claim to the land and believed settlers should pay for it.
Section 3-17
Critical Thinking
Compare and Contrast How was the Quaker religion different from that of the Puritans?
Quakers had no formal church services or church officials, were tolerant of other religions, believed all people were equal, and were pacifists.
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Section 4-4
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Slave drum, Virginia
Section 4-5
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Coming to America • The colonies needed people to grow and
prosper and relied on CASH CROPS.
(pages 86–88)(pages 86–88)
- criminals or prisoners of war from England and Scotland and could earn their release if they worked for a period of time (seven years).
- seized and brought as slaves from Africa.
- indentured servants who worked without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for their passage.
• Settlers came voluntarily. Others came because they were:
Section 4-6
• Maryland became a proprietary colony in 1632.
Coming to America (cont.)
(pages 86–88)(pages 86–88)
• King Charles I gave Sir George Calvert, called Lord Baltimore, a colony north of Virginia.
• Lord Baltimore wanted to establish a safe place for Catholics, and he also hoped that the colony would make him rich.
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Section 4-7
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• Maryland tobacco farmers also produced wheat, fruit, vegetables, and livestock so that they would not be dependent upon one cash crop.
• Wealthy landowners became powerful.
• As plantations grew in number, indentured servants and enslaved Africans were used to work the plantations.
Coming to America (cont.)
(pages 86–88)(pages 86–88)
Section 4-10
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Virginia Expands • As Virginia grew, settlers moved inland
to open up the backcountry.
(pages 88–89)(pages 88–89)
• Native Americans lived on these lands.
• The governor, Sir William Berkeley, worked out an arrangement in the 1640s that kept settlers from moving farther into Native American land.
•
Section 4-11
• Many Virginia westerners resented Berkeley’s pledge to the Native Americans and settled in the lands anyway.
Virginia Expands (cont.)
(pages 88–89)(pages 88–89)
• As a result, Native Americans raided these settlements.
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Section 4-11
• Nathaniel Bacon opposed colonial government because it was made of easterners.
Virginia Expands (cont.)
(pages 88–89)(pages 88–89)
• He led attacks on Native American villages, set fire to the capital, marched into Jamestown, and drove Berkeley into exile.
• England summoned Berkeley and sent troops to restore order.
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Section 4-18
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Georgia • James Oglethorpe founded the colony of
Georgia in 1733.
(pages 90–91)(pages 90–91)
- as a place where British debtors and poor people could make a fresh start
- as a military barrier to protect the other British colonies from Spain due to its location between Spanish Florida and South Carolina
• It was the last British colony to be founded in the Americas.
• Great Britain created Georgia for several reasons:
Section 4-21
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• The French settlement in the Americas grew slowly.
New France
(page 92)(page 92)
• The French were interested mainly in the fishing and fur trade at first.
• Their settlement called New France became a royal colony in 1663.
Section 4-22
• They had settlements in two regions:
New France (cont.)
(page 92)(page 92)
- North in Quebec and along the St. Lawrence River. They consisted mostly of forts, trading posts, and later large estates.
- South along the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico.
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• In 1718 the port city of New Orleans was founded.
Section 4-23
• The French respected the ways of the Native Americans, so they had better relations with them than did other Europeans.
New France (cont.)
(page 92)(page 92)
• The fur trappers traveled far into Native American territory, so they needed to learn to live among the Native Americans.
• These trappers did not push the Native Americans off their land.
• The missionaries did not try to change their customs.
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Section 4-25
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• Spain had a large empire in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America called New Spain.
New Spain
(pages 92–93)(pages 92–93)
- present-day New Mexico, where Santa Fe was founded in late 1609 or early 1610
- Arizona in the late 1600s - the region that is now Texas in the early
1700s, establishing San Antonio and other military posts
- California
• To keep control and protect its claims, Spain sent soldiers, missionaries, and settlers north of this region into:
Section 4-26
• Rivalries in Europe between Great Britain, France, and Spain often resulted in fighting.
New Spain (cont.)
(pages 92–93)(pages 92–93)
• Wars between the British and French in Europe also greatly affected their lands in the Americas.
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Chapter Assessm
ent 11
Geography and History ActivityStudy the map below and answer the questions on the following slides.
Maps and Charts 4b
Daily Focus Skills 3
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Daily Focus Skills 4
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