Spain in the 19 Century

The 19th century was a time of big changes in the world,

and of course, in Spain also:

1.The beginings of the Spanish Liberalism (1808-1814)

2.The Restauration of the Absolutism: Fernando VII (1814-1833)

3.The Establishment of Liberalism: Isabel II (1833-1868)

4.The Sexenio Revolucionario (1868-1874)

5.The Restoration (1875-1917)6.The Independence of the American

Colonies (1812-1824)

1.The beginings of the Spanish Liberalism (1808-1814)

2.The Restauration of the Absolutism: Fernando VII (1814-1833)

3.The Establishment of Liberalism: Isabel II (1833-1868)

4.The Sexenio Revolucionario (1868-1874)

5.The Restoration (1875-1917)6.The Independence of the American

Colonies (1812-1824)

1. The beginings of the Spanish Liberalism1. The beginings of the Spanish Liberalism

The Peninsulr War(1808-

José I

1.1 The Peninsular War1.1 The Peninsular War

La carga de los mamelucos (2 de mayo), Goya

Los fusilamientos del 3 de mayo, Goya

Los sitios: Agustina of Aragón

Wellington in the battle of Arapiles in 1812

Liberals

Reformers

Absolutists

Cádiz in the 19th century

1.2 The 1812 Constitution1.2 The 1812 Constitution

The Constitution of 1812: ¡Viva la Pepa!

…Not all the deputies aproved the new

regime….

… Some of them, the absolutists or royalists,

wanted a come back to the situation before

1808…

1.3 The come back of Fernando VII1.3 The come back of Fernando VII

In 1813 the Treaty of

Valençay gave back the

crown to the Borbones.

In 1813 the Treaty of

Valençay gave back the

crown to the Borbones.

Fernando VII, el Deseado, came back to Spain in

1814. The liberals wanted him to sign the 1812

Constitution …

…But Fernando VII, with the support of the royalists

and most od the population closed the Parliament

(Cortes) and abolished the laws and Constitution…

2. The Restauration of the absolutism:

Fernando VII (1814-1833)

2. The Restauration of the absolutism:

Fernando VII (1814-1833)

In 1814 Fernando stablished

again an absolutist State

The first attemp to stablish a

Liberal State in Spain was a

failure…

2.1 Second attemp:El Trienio Liberal (1820-1823)

The cortes of the Trienio Liberal (1820-1823), a period of liberal rule in SpainThe cortes of the Trienio Liberal (1820-1823), a period of liberal rule in Spain

The Holy Alliance sent in 1823 an army, The 100,000 Sons of Saint

Louis, to restore Ferdinand power again

The second attemp to stablih a Liberal State in Spain was a failure

again…

3. The establishment of Liberalism: Isabel II (1833-1868)

Mª Cristina pasa revista a las tropas, de Fortuny3.1 Carlists War3.1 Carlists War

Helping and supporting Isabel, took the liberals

to the goverment….

…The defeat of the carlists meant the definitive

end of the Ancien Regime in Spain.

From 1839, Spain became a liberal state

Isabel II

3.2 Spanish Liberalism3.2 Spanish Liberalism

3.3 The reign of Isabel. Political evolution3.3 The reign of Isabel. Political evolution

During her long reign, most of the governments were controlled by the Moderates, who established a closed system that let them dominate the politics and the economic resources.

Because of this, when the economic situation got worse, in the 1860’s, the progressive decide to unite with the new left parties (democrats and republicans) to start a Revolution, La Gloriosa, that took the government from the queen and established a new monarchy, with a new constitution and a new king.

During her long reign, most of the governments were controlled by the Moderates, who established a closed system that let them dominate the politics and the economic resources.

Because of this, when the economic situation got worse, in the 1860’s, the progressive decide to unite with the new left parties (democrats and republicans) to start a Revolution, La Gloriosa, that took the government from the queen and established a new monarchy, with a new constitution and a new king.

4. The Sexenio Revolucionario (1868-1874)4. The Sexenio Revolucionario (1868-1874)

Allegory of the First Spanish Republic, published in a satirical and liberal magazine

Amadeo I of Saboya, King of Spain

5. The Restoration (1875-1917)5. The Restoration (1875-1917)After the failure of the I Republic, the monarchy comes back again in the figure of Alfonso XII. With him starts the period known as the Restoration, characterised by:

•Two-Party system: Conservative Party (Cánovas) and Liberal Party (Sagasta)•Stability: political and economic•Turno Pacífico: each party led the government to the other after a period of time.•Industrialization of the country: beginnings of the working class movements in Spain•Political clientilism: caciquismo

Since 1898 the problems will increased: Cuba, nationalism, republicanism, socialists parties, strikes, economic debt, etc… So from that moment to 1917, the system will have to face a lot of instability.

After the failure of the I Republic, the monarchy comes back again in the figure of Alfonso XII. With him starts the period known as the Restoration, characterised by:

•Two-Party system: Conservative Party (Cánovas) and Liberal Party (Sagasta)•Stability: political and economic•Turno Pacífico: each party led the government to the other after a period of time.•Industrialization of the country: beginnings of the working class movements in Spain•Political clientilism: caciquismo

Since 1898 the problems will increased: Cuba, nationalism, republicanism, socialists parties, strikes, economic debt, etc… So from that moment to 1917, the system will have to face a lot of instability.

Cánovas del Castillo Sagasta

6. The Independence of the American Colonies

The Sanish empire was more or less the same since the

16 century.

But the independence of the overseas territories was a

quick process that only lasted a decade.

Junta Nacional de Argentina

…But, since 1816 the

Independence movement

started again…

In 1814, after the Peninsular

War, the Spanish Army

restablished the control over

the colonies…

The meeting in Guayaquil, Ecuador, the 26 of July, 1822, beetwen San Martín (right) and Simón Bolívar (left), where the campaign to free the colonies of the Spanish control was decided.

In 1824, after the Spanish defeat in

Ayacucho, Spain lost all his continental

colonies…

The old great empire was now reduced to

Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philipines.

La capitulación de Ayacucho, 9 of December, 1824

Elabora un eje cronológico del reinado de Fernando VII y del reinado de Isabel II, en el que se especifiquen las distintas etapas de gobierno y alguna característica. Además debes incluir las pérdidas coloniales en su época correspondiente.Hazlo en inglés.Debes ampliar la información aquí incluída con el libro de texto, wikipedia o lo que consideres oportuno.

Características:- Una cara para cada eje- Elaborado a ordenador

-Fecha de entrega: 14 febrero 2011

Elabora un eje cronológico del reinado de Fernando VII y del reinado de Isabel II, en el que se especifiquen las distintas etapas de gobierno y alguna característica. Además debes incluir las pérdidas coloniales en su época correspondiente.Hazlo en inglés.Debes ampliar la información aquí incluída con el libro de texto, wikipedia o lo que consideres oportuno.

Características:- Una cara para cada eje- Elaborado a ordenador

-Fecha de entrega: 14 febrero 2011

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