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7/29/2019 SOMNATH MAHINDER.pptx
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Presented By:
Somnath Mahinder , B.C.E -3RD Yr
Roll No.001010401043
Jadavpur University
Under the Guidance byDr. Amit Dutta (Associate Professor)
Department of Civil Engineering
Jadavpur University 1
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PRESENTATION PLAN Introduction Sources of Bio-medical waste
Category and Composition of Bio-medical waste
Problem associated with Bio-medical waste
Need for Bio-medical Waste Management
Collection, Segregation, Labelling, Storage &Transportation of Bio-medical waste
Treatment Techniques Advantage of this system & Human Resource
Management issue
Conclusion
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INTRODUCTIONThe waste produced in the course of health care activities
carries a higher potential for infection and injury than anyother type of waste. So, appropriate management of bio-medical waste is a crucial part of environmental healthprotection.
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (BMW)Any waste , which is generated during the diagnosis,
treatment or immunization of human beings or animals orin research activities pertaining thereto or in the
production or testing of biological, and includingcategories of bio-medical waste (BMW rules,1998).
WHO estimates 3
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SOURCES OF BIO-
MEDICAL WASTE Operation theatre / Wards / Labour rooms
Dressing rooms
Injection rooms
Intensive Care Unit
Dialysis Room
Laboratory
Compound of Hospital or Nursing Home.
Corridor
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CATEGORIES OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTEWASTE CATEGORY NO. WASTE CATEGORY TYPE
CATEGORY1 HUMAN ANATOMICAL WASTE CATEGORY2 ANIMAL WASTE
CATEGORY3 MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGYWASTE
CATEGORY4 WASTE SHARPS
CATEGORY5 DISCARDED MEDICINE & CYTOTOXICDRUG
CATEGORY 6 SOLID WASTE
CATEGORY7 SOLID WASTE
CATEGORY 8 LIQUID WASTE
CATEGORY9 INCINERATION ASH
CATEGORY10 CHEMICAL WASTE 5
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VARIOUS TYPES OF BIO-
MEDICAL WASTES
Waste Sharps e.g.: Needles
Human anatomical waste
Discarded medicines
Solid waste e.g.: cotton swabs 6
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COMPOSITION OF BIO-
MEDICAL WASTES
PHYSICAL COMPOSITIONHuman anatomical wastes, microbiological wastes,
solid waste, animal waste 25% to 35%
Waste sharp discarded glassware and disposables 10%
to 15%General waste 50% to 65%
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
C/N 14% to 20%
Moisture content 70%Carbon 16% to 24%
Nitrogen 1% to 1.32%
Calorific value 1700 kcal/kg to 4000 kcal/kg.7
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PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMWORGANISM DISEASES CAUSED RELATED WASTE ITEM
VIRUSES
HIV, Hepatitis B, HepatitisA,C,
AIDS,Infectious Hepatitis,
Dengue, Japaneseencephalitis, etc.
Infected needles, body
Fluids, Human excreta,soiled linen, Blood, bodyfluids.
BACTERIASalmonella typhi,Vibrio cholerae,Streptococcus
Typhoid, Cholera, TetanusWound infections,Septicemia.
Human excreta andbody fluid in landfills andhospital wards, Sharps suchas needles, surgical blades inhospital waste.
PARASITESPlasmodium
Kala Azar, Malaria. Human excreta, blood andbody fluids in poorlymanaged sewage system ofhospitals.
CYTOTOXIC DRUG Fauroux B, Pulmonary Outdated & discarded drug8
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NEED FOR BIOMEDICAL
WASTE MANAGMENT
Nosocomial infections in patients from poor infectioncontrol practices and poor waste management.
Drugs which have been disposed of, being repackedand sold off to unsuspecting buyers.
Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due towaste, or due to defective incineration emissions and
ash.
Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlersand scavengers, other peoples.
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SEGREGATION AND LABELLING OF
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
SEGGREGATION : To segregate the biomedical waste
LABELLING :
All the bags when filled up to th should be removed tiedand labeled ( type of waste , site of generation) .
All bags must be bio-degradable having bio-hazard sign.
Bio-hazard sign 10
Color coding of Bio-medical waste
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TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
TRANSPORTATIONWithin the hospital BMW transportation route to be
designed to avoid patient care areas.
Dedicated wheeled containers, trolleys or carts with cover
& with proper labeling to be used for transportationSTORAGE
Area of the storage should be covered and grilled from allsides.
Biomedical waste should be protected from animal and ragpickers.
There should be night provision of over night storage forthe infected waste.
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TREATMENT AND DISPOSALPROCEDURES MAIN FUNCTION
Incineration burn trash and other types of wasteuntil it is reduced to ash.
Autoclaving It uses a combination of heat, steam
and pressure.
Hydroclaving Waste is indirectly heated here by
providing steam into the outer
jacket of a double walled container
Chemical treatment Using sodium hypochlorite
solution, bleaching powder, savlon
and then discharged into
drains/sewers
Landfill Disposal Using a pit or trench for final
disposal of BMW 12
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PICTURE AND DIAGRAM OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT
TECHNIQUES
Incineration : Diagram and Picture
Autoclave :
Land fill disposal : 13
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TREATMENT PROCESS
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ADVANTAGE OF THIS SYSTEM & HUMANRESOURCE MANAGEMENT ISSUE
It minimize the amount of potentially hazardous wastethat requires the specialized and costly treatment.
It reduces occupational health and safety risks to thehealth care workers and rag pickers.
It improves infection control within the hospital.
Minimization of hospital waste and communityawareness about bio-medical waste can be done bytraining & research .
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CONCLUSIONS
Safe and effective management of waste is not only a legalnecessity but also a social responsibility.
Proper collection and segregation of biomedical waste
should be done.Waste generation should be reduced as far as possible.
Individual awareness and participation should be increased.
Metal products like syringes should be used after proper
recycling. Label with hazard warnings should be strictly maintained
on Bio-medical wastes.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND
HANDLING) RULES, 1998 Book on Sewage Disposal and Air Pollution
Engineering by S.K.Garg [Twenty Fifth edition]
A paper on Bio-medical Waste Management ofKolkata by Dr.Amit Dutta, SubhasishChattopadhyay, Subhabrata Ray.
www.authorstream.com
www.indmedia.com
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LET THE WASTES OFTHE SICK NOT
CONTAMINATE THE LIVESOF THE HEALTHY..
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THANK YOU
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