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By
Tirusew Ayisheshim
Solid Waste Site Suitability Analysis Using GIS and Remote Sensing
in Bahir Dar Town, North western Ethiopia
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Solid waste is a global environmental problem in today’s
world .because of
Increasing population,
The rapid economic growth and
The rise in community living standards accelerate solid
waste generation in developing cities.
There is an increase in commercial, residential and
infrastructure development due to the population growth and this has negative impact on the environment.
2
According to Radzicki (1995) In the last 200 years, world
population has increased six times, and the urban population
has multiplied 100 times.
Urban population has been consuming land resources and
producing pollutant wastes at increasing rate
In urban area most solid wastes are disposed on the land
with access to water bodies, crop filed, settlement, around
road, etc.
3
Background of the Study cont…
Background of the Study cont…
This unplanned dumping of solid waste leads to a number
of problems.
Disposal of solid waste on the land without careful planning and
management can present a severe problem to the environment
and human health.
This study was providing potentially suitable solid waste
dumping sites for Bahir DarTown.
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Statement of the Problem
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Urban solid waste is considered as one of the most immediate
and serious environmental problems in developing countries
like Ethiopia.
The major cause of this problem is due to the location of
dumping site which is located at unsuitable areas.
Similarly in Bair Dar town there are some series problems in
the case of solid waste disposal sites.
6
One land fill site was selected simply by the helping of
consultants (UNEP, Forum for environment, 2010A).
They were not used any scientific method.
Thus , the study was conduced to eliminate these problem by
integrating remote sensing and GIS technique to select the best
possible dumping sites for solid waste.
Statement of the Problem …
Objectives
7
General Objectives
To investigate suitable sites for solid waste disposal using
Remote Sensing and GIS techniques in Bahir Dar Town.
Specific Objectives
To identify important criteria for locating a solid waste
disposal site in Bahir Dar town.
To analyze suitable areas according to the criteria
selected for solid waste disposal in Bahir Dar town.
To map suitable disposal site for Bahir Dar town.
Research Question
8
To realized the stated objectives, the following questions were
proposed:
What are the important criteria for locating a solid waste
disposal site?
Which areas are suitable for solid waste disposal from the
locations that located after the selected criteria were analyzed?
How is a suitable disposal map developed?
Study Area map
MATERIALS AND METHODS
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Materials/Software’s
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The following Materials and software’s were used.
GPS to collect grounding points.
ERDAS Imagine 9.1 to analyze the satellite images.
ArcGIS 9.2 to digitized and combine the parameters.
IDRISI Andes 15 for pair wise comparison and multi criteria
evaluation.
Methods
Data Collection
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Primary data:
GCP data
Secondary data :
DEM, Spot image and Protected area acquired from (EMA).
Road, river , lake, airport , settlements and Built up area were
(Digitized from spot image).
Master plan and Administrative boundary of the town were taken
from (Bahir Dar town municipality).
Methods …
12
About 140 GCP were collected.
Swampy area, water bodies
Built up area, vegetation cover
Agricultural land
Bare land and grasslands
Field observation also done to verify the classified land use/land
cover.
land use /land cover
Data Analysis
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The Study used spatial MCE approaches to analysis the
parameters.
To carry out the MCE, weight for each criterion was given
depending on their suitability for disposal sites using IDRISI
software.
Data Analysis…
14
The study were consider the following parameters:-
Land use/ land cover
Distance from built up area
,, ,, settlement
,, ,, protected area
,, ,, air port
,, ,, road
,, ,, surface water
slope
As important factor that greatly affect the location of solid waste
dumping site.
These criteria were selected according to study areas local
characteristics (Ozeair Abessi et al., 2009 cited in Nishanth et al.,
2010).
parameters
Data Analysis…
15
Work flow
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The study considered the use of decision rules for the location
of suitable sites for solid waste disposal,
This has been with reference to research literature, study area
criteria as well as multi-criteria evaluation procedure.
All the parameters were reclassified unsuitable ,less suitable,
moderate suitable and high suitable as follows.
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Results and Discussion…
17
Distance from Surface Water
River and lakeshore
By following the rule of Sener et al.,( 2011) the study was
reclassified the distance between surface water and solid
waste dumping site.
Distant sites from lake and river banks were more preferences
for being selected.
>2000m
1500-2000m
1000-1500m
<1000m
High suitable
>2000m
Moderate suitable
1500m-2000m
Less suitable
1000m-1500m
Unsuitable
<1000m.
Distance from lakeshore line
Results and Discussion…
18
>2000m
1500-2000m
1000-1500m
<1000m
Distance from river
Results and Discussion…
19
Reclassified land use land cover
Similar to Kontos et al.
(2005).
Water bodies, swampy area
and pond were reclassified as
unsuitable area (13.1%).
where as built up area and
vegetation considered as
less suitable (9.7%).
Agriculture area was
moderately suitable ( 53.3%)
The bare land and grasslands
were highly suitable (23.9%).
Results and Discussion…
20
1500-2000m
1000 -1500m
500-1000m
<500m
Distance from Main Roads
According to Babalola and
Busu, (2010) and Al-Hanbali
et al. (2011) 2000m distance
has been buffered.
Distance <500m unsuitable
500-1000m was less
suitable
1000 -1500 was
considered as moderate
suitable
1500-2000m was highly
suitable
Results and Discussion…
21
Distance from Protected Area
>3000m
1500-2250m <750m
Based on the study of Ersoy
and Bulut (2009) and Babalola
and Busu (2010).
Above 3000m high suitable
1500-2250m moderate
suitable
750m-1500m less suitable
<750m unsuitable
750-1500m
Results and Discussion…
22
Distance from airport
23
> 3000m
1500-2250m750-1500m
< 750m
In similar to Ersoy and
Bulut (2009) and Babalola
and Busu (2010) unsuitable
< 750m
750-1500m less suitable
1500-2250 moderate
suitable
> 3000m highly suitable
Results and Discussion…
According to Sener et al.
(2011) and Leao et al. (2001)
the land with a slope:
0-10% highly
suitable (90.7%)
10 – 15% Moderately
suitable (4.2%)
15 – 20 %Less suitable 2.3%
>20% Unsuitable (2.8%)
Reclassified Slope
Results and Discussion…
24
Distance from urban center
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>5500m
4500- 5500m
2500-4500m
< 2500m
Reclassified as similar to
Sener (2011)
< 2500m unsuitable
2500m-4500m less
suitable
4500- 5500 m moderate
suitable
>5500m high suitable
Results and Discussion…
Distance from Rural Settlement Area
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>2250m
1000-2250m
500-1000m
< 500mAccording to Akbari (2011)
the area at the buffered
distance of
< 500m was considered as
unsuitable
500-1000m less suitable
1000-2250m was moderate
suitable
>2250 from rural settlement
were high suitable, for
solid waste dumping site
Results and Discussion…
27
Identifying Suitable Sites
Solid waste disposal sites were identified by considering the
above factors.
weights were assigned to all the parameters.
The larger of weight, the more important is the criterion in the
overall utility.
The weights were produced follows the logic developed by
Saaty (1980) under AHP.
Results and Discussion…
weights derived by calculating the principal eigenvector
of pair wise comparison matrix
28
Factors Eigenvector Weights Percentage (%)
Land use /land cover 0.3210 32.1
Urban center 0.2201 22.01
Rural settlement 0.1538 15.38
Protected area 0.1063 10.63
Distance from road 0.0730 7.3
Distance from river 0.0493 4.93
Distance from Lake 0.0341 3.41
Slope 0.0241 2.41
Distance from airport 0.0183 1.83
1.0000 100.0
Results and Discussion…
29
The factors and their resulting weights were used as input for the
MCE module for weighted linear combination of overlay analysis.
In order to combine all the layers to process overlay analysis
standardization of each data set to a common scale (value 1=
unsuitable (restricted), value 2= less suitable, value3= moderate
suitable, value 4 = high suitable) was performed.
All the parameters were weighted with their respective percent of
influence and overlay to produce the suitability map.
30 Solid Waste Dumping Site Selection Suitability Model
Final suitability map
31
65.0%1.3%
21.8%
11.9%
Results and Discussion…
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
32
Conclusion
As a result shows Surface water, road , airport, rural settlement
,urban center and land use land cover are the main factors used
to identify the solid waste dumping site.
slope is not a significant criterion for solid waste dumping site
selection in Bahir Dar town.
Suitable areas are quite limited for landfill sitting around Lake
Tana shore.
From the total area the results shows that 13,836 ha unsuitable,
273 ha less suitable, 4,644 ha is moderately suitable and 2,528 ha
is highly suitable for dumping solid waste.
Around the southern and south east of the town were determined
as high suitable areas in the town.
Recommendations
33
Based on the findings the following recommendations are
forwarded:
It may be helpful to the concerned authorities in decision
making for the selection of appropriate sites for the future
dumping sites.
The result of this study can be used as a tool for facility site
planners for locating landfill sites in study area, the
Municipality and the Ministry of Health with its Health Care
Waste Management division.
Recommendations …
34
The most important physical and Social economical criteria
were used for land suitability analysis in this study. But, soil
type and urban growth rate change not included because of the
limitation of resource .
Further study should be incorporated these important factors.
Ground water levels of the potential sites also were not measured
because of time limitations, costs and technical equipment
required.
By Performing Ground water level analysis will modify and
improve the results.
35
Thank you to all!
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