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Social Impact & Challenge to
Knowledge and Information Society- Korean Case -
Latin America ICT Conference 2008 ( Mexico City, CINVESTAV)
October 29, 2008
Kwon Young-il (Victor Kwon) kyi@nia.or.kr
Director of e-Government Division
National Information Society Agency (NIA)
2/52
• NCA is a non-profit agency responsible for developing national IT policy and projects in the public sector– National Computerization Act in 1986, Informatization Promotion Act of 1996
※ NCA : National Computerization Agency
* Key Role
– National IT policy and Telecommunications Network Planning– e-Government Project Management– Information Systems Audit– Information Culture & e-Capacity Education– Information Resource Management Consulting
• NCA → NIA (October 4, 2006) by revision of Basic Act on Knowledge Information Society
※ NIA : National Information Society Agency
About NIA
3/52
Table of Contents
Korean ICT Landscape1.
ICT Policies in Korea2.
Toward Ubiquitous Society 3.
Future Direction4.
5/52
Korean War(1950) → Seoul Olympic(1988) → Japan-Korea FIFA World
Cup(2002) → Present(2008)
2002 World Cup
Advanced TechnologyIncheon International Airport
Building For the Future
New Songdo City
Korea Past and Present
6/52
Overview of Korean ICT (1)
Business Week,
The INFO TECH 100
Source: Businessweek, June, 2006
LG Electronics
Samsung Electronics
KT
LG Telecom
KTF
Company Ranking
3
5
47
73
86
Samsung Electronics
LG Electronics
Korean Stocks Listed in LSE
SK Telecom
KT
Korean IT Companies in the World
7/52
Overview of Korean ICT (2)
Digital Opportunity
Index
Country
Korea
Denmark
DOI Rank
1
3
Japan 2
(Source : IMD Competitiveness Yearbook 2005)
“Most competitive in ICT industry among
OECD countries” (Source : OECD, 2004)
0.80
0.77
0.76
(Source : ITU, May. 2007)
US 200.66
China 770.45
The world’s first and best in ICT Infra
Technological
Infrastructure
Country
Korea
Singapore
Hong Kong
Taiwan
63.35
62.72
61.18
60.45
Rank
2
3
4
5
US 68.93 1
Broadband
Subscribers
Country
Iceland
Japan
UK
France
26.7
17.6
15.9
15.2
Rank
1
11
13
14
Korea 25.4 2
(Source : OECD, as of Dec. 2005)
% Per 100
8/52
Overview of Korean ICT (3)
ICT Contribution to Korean Economy (2007) :
GDP (16.9%) & Export (34%)
Account for 1.5% of overall 5% Economic Growth Rate
Portion of GDP
Contribution of GDP Rate
2007 ※source : IITA, KCNTI
9/52
“Development of ICT infrastructure”
DEC., 2006 DEC., 2006
(No. of subscribers per 100 inhabitants)
Korea : 7.2
World Average : 9.9
IT Diffusion in Korea (1)
89
30.5
34.82 million
76.3%
2007
80.4%
2007
10/52
※Source : NIDA
34.834.133.031.629.226.324.4
19.0
10.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
천
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
(24.4%)
(44.7%)
(56.6%) (59.4%)(65.5%)
(70.2%) (72.8%) (74.8%) (76.3%)
40
30
20
10
0
(M)
Introducing Competition Policy with Flat & Low TariffEncouraging Private Sector to Invest on New IT ServicesProviding Low Cost PC & Internet Training for 10 million Citizens
Government
ServiceOperator
Aggressive & Strategic Investment in ADSLe-commerce, on-line game and e-learning market
Environment Sizable Market Available due to Tech-savvy Consumers Enthusiasm in Better Education60% of Total Population living in High-rise apartment
“Success Factors in Korean Broadband”
IT Diffusion in Korea (2)
11/52
Technology Infrastructure Category No. 6
[World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD] (2007)
Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) No.1 among 180 countries
[ITU] (2005~2007)
e-Government Readiness Index No.6 among 191 countries
[UN] (2007)
Broadband Penetration Rate No.7 among 30 OECD countries
[OECD] (2007)
ICT Development in Korea
13/52
History of Broadband Policy
Informatization Promotion Act (’95)
’95~’97 ’98~’99 ’00~’01 ’02~’03 ’04~’05
Dial-up
(9.6~56Kbps)
Year
Policy &Promotion
Service
Tech-nology
Introduction of Broadband Internet (’98)
IT Training for 10 million (’00)
BcN Projectlaunch (’04)BB Apartment
Emblem(’99)
Free Internet Service to the schools (’00)
Surpass
10million BB
Internet Users
(’02)
BB mobile Internet platform (WiBro) (’06)
Privatization of KT (’02)
ADSL/Cable Modem
(2Mbps)
VDSL
(8Mbps)
KII-G Project completion(’05)
FTTx / LAN
(50Mbps)
Government Investment : 4.37 billion USD(1995~2005)
14/52
By 2007, Nationwide Broadband Networks established covering 99% of the
population
- 90% of households have access to Broadband Internet (Over 2Mbps)
- 38% of households have access to Ultra-Broadband (Over 50Mbps)
Broadband at Home
National Broadband Status
Seoul2
Seoul1
Busan
Kwangju
Daegu
Daejeon
2000
3,950
2001
7,810
2003
11,180
Household Subscribers
2002
10,410
(Unit: thousands)
Broadband Penetration at Home
…
2006
13,900
2007
14,440
15/52
Broadband Internet access for all primary and secondary schools
- Promoting informatization of schools and creating a foundation
of digital education
- Covered All Schools Nationwide with Broadband since 2001
Broadband at School
396
4,252
6,464
Under 2M : 396 (4%)
2M to 10M : 4,252 (38%)
Over 10M : 6,464 (58%)
96% of schools used over 2Mbps
Bandwidth (Speed)
98% of schools connected to fiber-optic cables
Access Method
10,866
184
62
Fiber-Optic Ethernet : 10,866 (98%)
Micro Wave : 184 (1.5%)
Satellite : 62 (0.5%)
※ Schools pay only 20% of the commercial price
Fiber-Optic Ethernet
16/52
Bridge the digital divide for rural areas by 2008 (70 million USD, 2years)
- Broadband network construction for all rural areas in progress
Broadband Divide at Rural Areas
By 2002, broadband
Internet home pass
ratio was 81% in rural
areas
By 2005, broadband
Internet home pass ratio
was 84% in rural areas
By 2007, Broadband
Internet home pass ratio
will be 99% in rural
areas
※ Matching fund (ISP, Government) since 2006
17/52
First in Broadband penetration 4 years in a row (OECD, 2005)
- Forth In Broadband penetration in a row (OECD, 2006. 11)
Broadband Index of Korea
18/52
Korea’s Journey to e-GovernmentKey Managed
E-Government Infra.Development
(1987 ~ 2002)
Full-FledgedImplementation of
E-Government(2003 ~ 2007)
Further Advancementof e-Government(2008 ~ 2012)
Goal- Digitalization of government
business processes, establishment
of IT infra.
Key actions- Digitalization of government
business processes (patent,
customs, tax, etc.)
- Establishment of e-Government
infra.(high-speed internet network)
- 11 key initiatives (G4C,
e-Procurement, etc.)
Goal- Expansion of e-Government
services through digitalization of
overall government business
processes
Key Actions- Expansion and improvement of
services for citizens and businesses
- Enhanced administrative efficiency
and transparency through reform of
government work method
- Linkage and connection among
information systems
- 31 e-Government Roadmap Project
Goal- Integration of e-Government
systems for seamless delivery of
public services
Key Actions- Customer-centric citizen services
and enhanced public participation
- Intelligent administrative services
through digital government network
- Real-time public safety information
network
- Strengthened e-Government infra.
through enhanced privacy and
security
19/52
31 e-Gov. Roadmap Projects (2003~2007)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
(2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007)
Selectionof Projects BPR/ISP
SystemEstablishment
System Integration
Delivery of Integrated
Services
Innovating service delivery
Innovating the way government works
Innovating information resource management
Reforming the e-government legal system
4 Areas of
Innovation
$ 89 M $ 116 M
$ 230 M
$ 288 M $ 308 M
Imple-
mentation
Budget
Total : 1,031 million USD (2003 ~2007)
20/52
National Informatization Index (NII)
History of the NII
o Created in 1993 for comparison between Korea and Japan
- 1994~1995 : Korea, USA, UK, Japan, Germany, France (6 countries)
- 1996~1998 : Korea, USA, UK, Japan, Germany, France, Hongkong, Taiwan,
Singapore (9 countries)
- 1999~2003 : Measuring of Computer, Internet, Communication, Broadcasting
sectors and expanding membership into 50 countries
- Updating and modifying indicators (2004, 2005)
Objectives
- To understand the current general condition and trends in information society
- To provide effective tool for information policy-making
- To measure Korea’s worldwide level in informatization
22/52
NII – Informatization Level by Country
※ Source : 2007 Informatization White Paper In Korea : NIA
23/52
Relations between GDP per capita & NII
Regression analysis of the relations between NII and GDP per capita
shows that NII is the indicator to forecast GDP per capita to the 77% of
accuracy rate.
NII
Korea
Taiwan
USAHK
Norway
Iceland
Greece
GDP per capita
24/52
Relations between NII and DOI
Regression analysis of the relations between NII and DOI shows that NII is
the indicator to forecast DOI to the 90% of accuracy rate.
NII
DOI
US
A
Korea
Sweden
Japan
25/52
Relations between NII and WCI
Regression analysis of the relations between NII and WCI shows that
NII is the indicator to forecast WCI to the only 62% of accuracy rate.
WCI (The World Competitiveness Index)IMD (International Institute for Management Development)
NII
WCI
KoreaJapan
US
A
Swedenchina
India
Italy
Singapore
Malaysia
26/52
IT Policy History in Korea
Informatization Promotion
Basic Act (’95)
World’s First CDMA
Commercialization (’96)
World’s First Broadband
Internet (’98)
‘Cyber Korea 21’
Campaign (’99)
Master Plan for
Comprehensive
Informatization Policy(’95)
IT Training for 10 million
citizens(’00)
’95~’99 ’00~’03 ’04~’07
Internet Youth Volunteer (’01)
Digital Broadcasting (’01)
Privatization of KT (‘02)
e-Korea Vision (‘02)
Broadband IT Korea
Vision (‘03)
IT 839 Strategy(’04/’06)
u-Korea Vision (‘06)
WiBro Pilot Service,
DMB Service(‘05)
“ICT Initiatives in the Past Decade”
BcN Project Lunch (‘04)
27/52
Basic Research
Financial Support
Service SpecDetermination
Legal System
Pilot ProjectLaunchLicense Approval
Competition Policy
Frequency Allocation
InternationalCooperation
Service BusinessPlanning
R&D Activity
InfrastructureInvestment
Job Creation
Cost Reduction
Mass Production
Global Marketing& Export
Government
Fair Competition
IPR Protection
Conflict Arbitration
Product/TechnologyDevelopment
Pilot Production
IP Creation
Private
Human ResourceDevelopment
National IR
Global Standardization
Application &Solution
Reinvestment for NextGrowth Engine
“Government Roles in Korean IT”
IT Policy History of Korea
28/52
Information Mind
DEMAND FACTORS
Successful e-POLICY
SUPPLY FACTORS
E-CapacityEconomic Support
Network Infra
HW InfraApplication
Infra
IT TechnologyPolicy
IT Man PowerPolicy
Legal Support
InstitutionSupport
Demand & Supply Equilibrium Model
Theoretical Model of e-Policy
30/52
8 Services
WiBro Service
DMB Service
Home N/W Service
Telematics Service
RFID-based Service
W-CDMA Service
Terrestrial DTV
Internet Telephony
Broadband Convergence Network
Ubiquitous Sensor Network
Next Generation Internet Protocol[IPv6]
3 Infrastructure
Mobile Telecomm Handset & Equipment
Digital TV
& Broadcasting devices
Home Network Devices
IT System-on Chip
Next Generation PC
Embedded SW
Digital Contents & SW Solutions
Telematics Devices
Intelligent Service Robot
9 ProductsService
Infrastructure
Product
“ IT 839 Strategy (2003 -2007)”
IT Policy History in Korea
31/52
Implement IT projects, Stimulate demand within market, Foster IT
industry and Promote economic growth
Korean Government’s programs for Ubiquitous
society
BcN
RFID
USN
Intelligent
Robot
Home
Network u-City
Korean U-Life (1)
32/52
9 pilot projects(Video Telephony, IPTV etc.) (2004~2006)
- Switchover from PSTN to BcN in Jeju Island
- Commercialization of 7 services(TV portals etc.)
Development of additional services (2006~ )
- WiBro-linked service, Two-way D-CATV etc.
12 pilot projects (Defense, Procurement, etc) to identify
potential RFID service models(2004~2006)
RFID adopted in public projects to facilitate
RFID take-up (2007~2010)
- Price of Tag : ’ $2 (2004) → $0.2 (2006)
BcN
RFID
USNOpening of the Motorola USN R&D Center
in Seoul & Joint-project with ETRI (2006. 11)
Korean U-Life (2)
33/52
Intelligent
Robot
Develop 60 service models (home device control etc.)
and Pilot-apply to 1300 households(2006)
Provide Home N/W to 10 mill. Households by ’10
Release 5 types of ‘URC Robot’ at $1,000
and Provide to 1,000 households(2006)
Expand market by setting up robot retail system
and developing contents for robots(2007~ )
Sign u-City Construction MOU with MoCT
and Establish related legal framework (2006)
Develop and Provide standardized u-city Service
Reference Model (2007~ )
Home
Network
U-City
Korean U-Life (3)
34/52
S-DMB Commercial Service (2005. 5)
T-DMB Commercial Service (2005. 12)
- Adopted as ETSI Standard(2005. 7)
- Demo’d at 2006 World Cup(Munich, 2006. 6)
※ Source : TU Media, KCC
Subscriber Growth
Cutting-edge u-Services : DMB
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1 2 3 4 512/05 12/06 12/07 8/086/05
(10,000)
7.6
T - DMB
S - DMB
48.9
384.4
1,439.4
997.3
35/52
30Mbps
High Speed
Flat + Measured
Rate
Low Price
100km/h
Mobility
OFDMA / TDD technology adoptedIEEE802.16e standard accommodated (’05.12)
KT launched commercial service(’06.6/06)- WiBro Evolution : 50-80Mbps speed improvement(’07)
Cutting-edge u-Services: WiBro
Fast, seamless and affordable broadband access on the move
36/52
World’s first W-CDMA Service (’03. 12)
HSDPA Service (SKT ’06. 5, KTF ’06.6)
※ HSDPA(High Speed Downlink Packet Access) :
W-CDMA 7times faster data download speed(2Mbps→14Mbps)
Download 3.1Mbps/Upload 1.8Mbps
※ Source : KCC
Subscriber Growth
KTF “Show”, SKT “3G+” and LGT
“OZ” Commercialized successfully
Cutting-edge Network Services : HSDPA
Revision A Service (LGT ’08.4)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1 2 3 45/06 12/07 7/0812/06
HSDPA
1 16
501
1,277
(10,000)
Commercialize HSUPA from 2008
※ HSUPA data upload speed : 5.7Mbps
38/52
Active Participation in Politics
Online Broadcasting of Parliamentary Activities
National Assembly Television INTERNET
40/52
Mini-Homepage (Cyworld)
Cyworld : Popular website used by 45% of Total Population
(22 million) creating their own virtual space
42/52
Gaming population approx. 1.7 million (Charged subscribers exceeding 3 million)
Developed into a new industry called ‘e-Sports’ & Pro-gamers have become
popular occupations
On-line Game
43/5218
A new form of IT infrastructure-based local community aimed to
reduce the digital divide between the urban and rural communities
280 Information Network Villages have been
established since 2001
- Number of INVILs to grow to 305 by 2006
Provision of PCs, IT training and Internet networks
- enable e-commerce of local products and
offer online information on tourism programs
Help revitalize local economy through e-commerce
※ Major Achievements
- PC penetration : 21% → 67%
. Higher than % in other rural areas (44%)
- Online & Offline sales : USD 16.5 million
(Jan.-Sept. 2006)
e-Inclusion Case “Information Network Village”
46/52
Global ICT Cooperation
Bridging the
Digital Divide
Government
Cooperation
Channel
InternationalOrganization
Activities
Promoting e-GovernmentCooperation
47/52
Global ICT Activities of Korea
ICT HRD Program ICT Consulting
Information Access Center Internet Volunteers
Korea’s Efforts for Bridging the Digital Divide
48/52
Global ICT Diffusion
: German, China(Beijing)
Commercial Services
: 11 Countries including UK, France,
Canada, Indonesia, Netherlands, etc.
Trial Services
D M B WiBro
: 40 countries including USA, Japan,
Singapore, Malaysia, Russia, Brazil,
U.K. Canada, France, Mexico, etc.
Reviewing Introduction
50/52
The Emergence of New Paradigm
: Governance, Citizens as decision makers
e-Gov.
Service
Broadband
Infra
ICT Index
e-Governance
ICT Growth Engine
& Knowledge Society
The emergence of knowledge-based society & advanced technology
The emergence of active citizens & increasing social needs on Innovation
Emergence of e-Governance
Public-Private Partnership
Technology & Market -Oriented
51/52
Evolution of IT Society
Information Society Ubiquitous SocietyIndustrial Society
1960 20051990
Bank
School Corp.Mall
City Hall
학교 기업School Corp. Mall
Bank City Hall
e-Bank e-City Hall
e-Schoole-Mall
e-Corp.
Mass Production
Physical Space
Time/Space barriers
Cyber Space emerges
On-Line environment reduce
Time/Space barriers
(e-Gov., e-Learning etc)
Convergence of ‘Real World’ & ‘Cyber Space’
Road,Bridge, Tunnel
Products, Machines
Refrigerator, Washer
Cup, Flower-
PotsAnimal,
Plants
Glasses
Clothes,
Shoes
Car
Anytime
Convergence
CyberSpace
RealWorld
Anything
AnydeviceAnynetwork
Anywhere
5 Any
Objects becoming Intelligent
with micro computers
2007 ~
52/52
National
Foresight
BcN
u-Environment
u-City
Intelligent Logistics
Infrastructure
Road/Traffic Intelligence
Geospatial
Intelligence
(GIS, LBS)
DataWarehouse
Feedback
DataMining
Convergence
New Knowledge SOC
• Social, Sector Intelligence
•Economic forecast
• Disaster prevention
• National risk management
Quality of Life
National Competitiveness
• Reduce uncertainty
• Enhance National forecast
Social Impact
Knowledge based SOC
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