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Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ Phone: 01922 453038 www.hyperon-simulation-and-cad-services.co.uk
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 1
Simulation of SP6_Central_Load Date: 19 January 2016 Designer: Lee Stokes Study name: SP6_CSL_1kN Analysis type: Static
Table of Contents Description ............................................ 2
Assumptions .......................................... 3
Model Information ................................... 3
Study Properties ..................................... 6
Units ................................................... 7
Material Properties .................................. 8
Loads and Fixtures................................. 11
Connector Definitions ............................. 12
Contact Information ............................... 13
Mesh information .................................. 14
Sensor Details ...................................... 15
Resultant Forces ................................... 16
Beams ................................................ 16
Study Results ....................................... 17
Conclusion .......................................... 24
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 2
Description This report investigates the response of a composite carbon fibre tube under a central static load. Please refer to the image on page 1 for the general set-up. Further details of the set-up can be found on the next 15 pages of this report. The tube consists of 13 plies, comprised of 2 orthotropic materials, designated B and C respectively, the details of which are given on pages 5, 8, 9 and 10 of this report. The tube is simply supported at either end (in the sense that the tube’s ends can move freely along the tube’s central axis and can rotate freely about each of the three rotational degrees of freedom) and is of length 1,453mm, external diameter 64mm and internal diameter 57.1mm. The loading anvil is 30mm wide with 2.5mm filleted edges. The plies are treated as shells and simulated using the intrinsic composite static load functionality within SolidWorks Simulation. The principal aim of this report is to investigate the response of the tube under the Thai-Wu Failure Criterion (applicable here since we are considering materials with unequal strengths in tension and compression and the cross-fibre stresses are primarily in tension). This manifests itself as a worst-case minimum Factor of Safety across all plies, for a given static load. The static loads are increased up to the point where the Factor of Safety drops to approximately unity. We are particularly interested in which ply or plies these worst-case conditions occur. The results of this are presented graphically on pages 21 of this report. On page 23, we consider two load 2 load cases and present a tabulated list of Minimum Factors of Safety for each of the top and bottom faces of all 13 plies. We present further study results on pages 17-20. Additionally, the deflective response of the tube is represented graphically on page 22. Finally, we draw some conclusions, mainly about which ply or plies might be compromised under load. Note: The first 20 pages of this report cover details of the study performed at 1kN static load. These details are either identical or analogous at higher loadings.
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 3
Assumptions We assume that the tube is axially symmetric and radially homogeneous and isotropic. Additionally, we assume that the V-blocks remain stationary at all times during testing, and that the anvil moves purely vertically in translation with no subsequent rotation about any of its axes of symmetry.
Model Information
Model name: SP6_Central_Load Current Configuration: Default
Solid Bodies
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 4
Document Name and Reference
Treated As Volumetric Properties Document Path/Date
Modified
Fillet1
Solid Body
Mass:1.84209 kg Volume:0.000239233 m^3
Density:7700 kg/m^3 Weight:18.0525 N
C:\Business Paraphernalia\Carbon
Fibre Tubes Ltd\Project 2\SP6\SP6 Centrally
Loaded\30mm_Wide_Anvil.SLDPRT
Jan 14 09:45:48 2016
Composite Bodies
Document Name and Reference
Properties
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 5
Shell-1
Total number of Plies: 13 Symmetric: No
Ply Thickness(mm)
Angle(deg)
Area(m^2)
Volume(m^3)
Density(kg/m^3)
Mass(kg)
Weight(N)
1 0.294 90 0.292143
8.589e-005
1570 0.134847
1.3215
2 0.294 0 0.292143
8.589e-005
1570 0.134847
1.3215
3 0.294 0 0.292143
8.589e-005
1570 0.134847
1.3215
4 0.21 45 0.292143
6.135e-005
1570 0.0963195
0.943932
5 0.21 -45 0.292143
6.135e-005
1570 0.0963195
0.943932
6 0.294 0 0.292143
8.589e-005
1570 0.134847
1.3215
7 0.21 -45 0.292143
6.135e-005
1570 0.0963195
0.943932
8 0.21 45 0.292143
6.135e-005
1570 0.0963195
0.943932
9 0.294 0 0.292143
8.589e-005
1570 0.134847
1.3215
10 0.294 0 0.292143
8.589e-005
1570 0.134847
1.3215
11 0.294 90 0.292143
8.589e-005
1570 0.134847
1.3215
12 0.265 0 0.292143
7.74179e-005
1765 0.136643
1.3391
13 0.265 0 0.292143
7.74179e-005
1765 0.136643
1.3391
Document Name: C:\Business Paraphernalia\Carbon Fibre Tubes Ltd\Project 2\SP6\SP6 Centrally Loaded\64x57.1x1453_Tube.SLDPRT Date Modified: Jan 19 08:43:47 2016
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 6
Study Properties Study name SP6_CSL_1kN
Analysis type Static
Mesh type Mixed Mesh
Thermal Effect: On
Thermal option Include temperature loads
Zero strain temperature 298 Kelvin
Include fluid pressure effects from SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation
Off
Solver type FFEPlus
Inplane Effect: Off
Soft Spring: Off
Inertial Relief: Off
Incompatible bonding options Automatic
Large displacement Off
Compute free body forces On
Friction Off
Use Adaptive Method: Off
Result folder SOLIDWORKS document (C:\Business Paraphernalia\Carbon Fibre Tubes Ltd\Project 2\SP6\SP6 Centrally Loaded)
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 7
Units Unit system: SI (MKS)
Length/Displacement mm
Temperature Kelvin
Angular velocity Rad/sec
Pressure/Stress N/m^2
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 8
Material Properties
Model Reference Properties Components
Name: Alloy Steel Model type: Linear Elastic Isotropic
Default failure criterion:
Unknown
Yield strength: 6.20422e+008 N/m^2 Tensile strength: 7.23826e+008 N/m^2 Elastic modulus: 2.1e+011 N/m^2
Poisson's ratio: 0.28 Mass density: 7700 kg/m^3
Shear modulus: 7.9e+010 N/m^2 Thermal expansion
coefficient: 1.3e-005 /Kelvin
SolidBody 1(Fillet1)(30mm_Wide_Anvil-1)
Curve Data:N/A
Name: Material C Model type: Linear Elastic
Orthotropic Default failure
criterion: Max von Mises Stress
Yield strength: 1.2e+009 N/m^2 Tensile strength in x: 1.5e+009 N/m^2 Tensile strength in y: 1.5e+009 N/m^2 Compressive strength
in x: 1.2e+009 N/m^2
Compressive strength in y:
1.2e+009 N/m^2
Elastic modulus in x: 1.35e+011 N/m^2 Elastic modulus in y: 1.35e+011 N/m^2 Elastic modulus in z: 1.35e+011 N/m^2 Poisson's ratio in xy: 0.3 Poisson's ratio in yz: 0.3 Poisson's ratio in xz: 0.3
Mass density: 1570 kg/m^3 Shear modulus in xy: 5e+009 N/m^2 Shear modulus in yz: 5e+009 N/m^2 Shear modulus in xz: 5e+009 N/m^2
Shear strength: 5e+009 N/m^2
SolidBody 1(Boss-Extrude1)(64x57.1x1453_Tube-1), Shell-1(SolidBody 1(Boss-Extrude1))(64x57.1x1453_Tube-1)
Curve Data:N/A
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 9
Name: Material C Model type: Linear Elastic
Orthotropic Default failure
criterion: Max von Mises Stress
Yield strength: 1.2e+009 N/m^2 Tensile strength in x: 1.5e+009 N/m^2 Tensile strength in y: 1.5e+009 N/m^2 Compressive strength
in x: 1.2e+009 N/m^2
Compressive strength in y:
1.2e+009 N/m^2
Elastic modulus in x: 1.35e+011 N/m^2 Elastic modulus in y: 1.35e+011 N/m^2 Elastic modulus in z: 1.35e+011 N/m^2 Poisson's ratio in xy: 0.3 Poisson's ratio in yz: 0.3 Poisson's ratio in xz: 0.3
Mass density: 1570 kg/m^3 Shear modulus in xy: 5e+009 N/m^2 Shear modulus in yz: 5e+009 N/m^2 Shear modulus in xz: 5e+009 N/m^2
Shear strength: 5e+009 N/m^2
<Material_ComponentList1/>
Curve Data:N/A
Name: Material B Model type: Linear Elastic
Orthotropic Default failure
criterion: Max von Mises Stress
Yield strength: 4.25e+009 N/m^2 Tensile strength in x: 4.4e+008 N/m^2 Tensile strength in y: 4.4e+008 N/m^2 Compressive strength
in x: 4.25e+008 N/m^2
Compressive strength in y:
4.25e+008 N/m^2
Elastic modulus in x: 2.5e+010 N/m^2 Elastic modulus in y: 2.5e+010 N/m^2 Elastic modulus in z: 2.5e+010 N/m^2 Poisson's ratio in xy: 0.2 Poisson's ratio in yz: 0.2 Poisson's ratio in xz: 0.2
Mass density: 1765 kg/m^3
<Material_ComponentList1/>
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 10
Shear modulus in xy: 4e+009 N/m^2 Shear modulus in yz: 4e+009 N/m^2 Shear modulus in xz: 4e+009 N/m^2
Shear strength: 4e+009 N/m^2
Curve Data:N/A
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 11
Loads and Fixtures
Fixture name Fixture Image Fixture Details
On Flat Faces-1
Entities: 1 face(s) Type: On Flat Faces
Translation: 0, ---, 0 Rotation: 0, ---, ---
Units: mm, rad
Resultant Forces Components X Y Z Resultant
Reaction force(N) -0.782886 0 -0.114702 0.791244
Reaction Moment(N.m) 0 0 0 1e-033
Load name Load Image Load Details
Force-1
Entities: 1 face(s) Type: Apply normal force
Value: 1000 N
Remote Displacement
(Rigid connection)-1
Entities: 1 edge(s) Type: Displacement (Rigid
connection) Coordinate System: Coordinate System1 Translation Values: ---, 0, 0 mm
Rotation Values: ---, ---, --- deg Reference coordinates: 0 0 0 mm
Components transferred: Translation
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 12
Remote Displacement
(Rigid connection)-2
Entities: 1 edge(s) Type: Displacement (Rigid
connection) Coordinate System: Coordinate System2 Translation Values: ---, 0, 0 mm
Rotation Values: ---, ---, --- deg Reference coordinates: 0 0 0 mm
Components transferred: Translation
Connector Definitions No Data
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 13
Contact Information
Contact Contact Image Contact Properties
Contact Set-1
Type: No Penetration contact pair
Entites: 6 face(s) Advanced: Node to
surface
Contact/Friction force
Components X Y Z Resultant
Contact Force(N) 8.8922E-015 2.3626E-013 0 2.3642E-013
Global Contact
Type: Bonded Components: 1 component(s)
Options: Compatible mesh
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 14
Mesh information Mesh type Mixed Mesh
Mesher Used: Curvature based mesh
Jacobian points 4 Points
Jacobian check for shell On
Maximum element size 0 mm
Minimum element size 0 mm
Mesh Quality High
Remesh failed parts with incompatible mesh Off
Mesh information - Details
Total Nodes 6033
Total Elements 3046
Time to complete mesh(hh;mm;ss): 00:00:02
Computer name: LEESTOKES-PW
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 15
Sensor Details No Data
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 16
Resultant Forces
Reaction forces
Selection set Units Sum X Sum Y Sum Z Resultant
Entire Model N -0.782886 -5.73698 -0.114702 5.79128
Reaction Moments
Selection set Units Sum X Sum Y Sum Z Resultant
Entire Model N.m 0 0 0 1e-033
Beams No Data
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 17
Study Results
Name Type Min Max
Stress1 VON: von Mises Stress 5234.86 N/m^2 Node: 409
6.10468e+007 N/m^2 Node: 1978
SP6_Central_Load-SP6_CSL_1kN-Stress-Stress1
Name Type Min Max
Displacement1 URES: Resultant Displacement 0.0050947 mm Node: 1871
2.24991 mm Node: 119
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 18
SP6_Central_Load-SP6_CSL_1kN-Displacement-Displacement1
Name Type Min Max
Strain1 ESTRN: Equivalent Strain 7.32038e-008 Element: 644
0.000517765 Element: 1894
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 19
SP6_Central_Load-SP6_CSL_1kN-Strain-Strain1
Name Type Min Max
Factor of Safety1 Max von Mises Stress 15.407 Node: 968
118517 Node: 409
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 20
SP6_Central_Load-SP6_CSL_1kN-Factor of Safety-Factor of Safety1
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 21
Graphical Detail
PLOT 1
Plot 1, shown above, utilizes the Tsai-Wu Failure Criterion. The ordinate axis represents the worst-case
minimum Factor of Safety across all plies. We present Plot 2, a plot of Load versus Maximum Deflection
below.
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 22
PLOT 2
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 23
Minimum Factor of Safety Tabulated Detail
TABLE 1
Table 1, shown above, presents the Minimum Factor of Safety under the Tsai-Wu Failure Criterion for each
ply at loads of 9kN and 17kN. Each ply contains an entry for both the top and bottom faces of the respective
ply, together with an average of the two. Note that Plies 1 and 13 represent the innermost and outermost
plies respectively, with the top and bottom faces of each ply corresponding to the external and internal
diameters respectively.
Min. FOS at 9kN Min. FOS at 17kN
Ply Top Bottom Average Top Bottom Average
1 1.93 1.74 1.835 1.04 0.94 0.99
2 2.16 1.93 2.045 1.16 1.04 1.10
3 2.43 2.16 2.295 1.31 1.16 1.235
4 3.35 2.91 3.13 1.80 1.56 1.68
5 3.97 3.35 3.66 2.12 1.80 1.96
6 3.17 2.90 3.035 1.68 1.55 1.615
7 5.93 5.17 5.55 3.16 2.76 2.96
8 6.01 5.93 5.97 3.21 3.16 3.185
9 3.06 3.13 3.095 1.63 1.66 1.645
10 2.97 3.06 3.015 1.58 1.63 1.605
11 2.86 2.97 2.915 1.52 1.58 1.55
12 4.46 4.69 4.575 2.38 2.50 2.44
13 4.14 4.46 4.3 2.22 2.38 2.3
Hyperon Simulation & CAD Services Ltd 9 Hatherton Place, Aldridge, Walsall, West Midlands, WS9 8AZ
Lee Stokes 19/01/2016
Analyzed with SOLIDWORKS Simulation Simulation of SP6_Central_Load 24
Plot 1 shows quite a dramatic drop in Minimum Factor of Safety between 1-5kN, with a much less dramatic
decrease thereafter. We see that, based upon the Tsai-Wu Failure Criterion, the Minimum Factor of Safety
becomes unity at a Static Load of approximately 17kN. From Table 1 we see that, in both cases, the lowest
Minimum Factor of Safety occurs on the bottom face of Ply 1, with the highest occurring on the top face of
Ply 8. From the Average columns, Ply 1 appears to be the least robust and Ply 8 the most. In addition to Ply
1, plies 2 and 3 have relatively low values and so could also be a matter for attention. Plot 2 yields a
strongly linear relationship between Static Load and Maximum Deflection and compare well with the results
of traditional hand calculations.
Conclusion
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