View
9
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Computer and Information Science; Vol. 9, No. 4; 2016 ISSN 1913-8989 E-ISSN 1913-8997
Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education
52
Simulating the Performance Characteristic of Passband Modulation
Techniques in MATLAB Environment Saed Thuneibat1, Abdallah Ijjeh1, Huthaifa Al_Issa1 & Mousa Ababneh2
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan 2 Department of Finance and Administrative Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan Correspondence: Saed Thuneibat, Department of Electrical Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan. E-mail: Thuneibat@hotmail.com Received: May 19, 2015 Accepted: June 21, 2015 Online Published: October 31, 2016 doi:10.5539/cis.v9n4p52 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v9n4p52 Abstract Now days, digital communication systems become complex and sophisticated. Not all vendors, if any, can understand the system and components of system that represent different modulation techniques, line and block coding, multiplexing and multiple access. They need the conclusion about which of modulation techniques is the suitable for transmission and in the same time can save the power and bandwidth. Engineers can study and analyze the modulation techniques and then compare between them to give such conclusion using modeling and simulation. MATLAB is a high level mathematical language for technical computing. In this paper we use MATLAB environment as simulation software to give on display a clear result that used to compare between two digital Passband modulation techniques BPSK and QPSK, and pinpoint the performance of the two techniques over selected parameters. Keywords: simulation, modulation, performance parameters, MATLAB 1. Introduction Nowadays, digital modulation techniques are the most widely used in communication systems. We need to achieve higher data rates in limited bandwidth of spectrum to improve the performance of transmission. A great deal of interest for a digital Passband digital transmission system that is bandwidth efficient with low signaling rate and high data rate and provide low Bit Error Rate (BER) at a relatively low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Various digital modulation schemes are well described in different literatures but cannot fulfill actual requirement in different kind of varying environment until studded and analyzed. Recently, a large number of research papers which study the modulation techniques were published. In (Masud, 2010), authors have investigated the performance analysis of M-ary modulation techniques when the digital communication system is subjected to Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and multipath Rayleigh fading in the channel. The study has been performed by using MATLAB program for the simulation and evaluation of BER and SNR for W-CDMA system models. It shows that the analysis of quadrature phases shift key and 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulations which are being used in wideband CDMA system, Therefore, the system could go for more suitable modulation technique to satisfy the channel quality, thus can deliver the optimum data rate to mobile user. The paper (Samson, 2013) analyzed the performance of different passband modulation techniques in AWGN channel and multipath fading channel. This study examined the inherent attributes of the digital modulation to overcome the channel impairments and was carried out to understand the contributions of channel characteristics to effective wireless communication and made comparison between the two channels. The BER for simulated modeled channels agreed with the theoretical results. It was found that the performance of 64-QAM is better compared to other passband modulation schemes in AWGN Channel. It was also observed that the BER is higher in frequency selective channel as compared to the AWGN channel and was also observed that multipath fading
cis.ccsenet.
channel chAuthors inand demodimportant In (RashmMATLABRayleigh fthat providminimum In (VirendM-ary modAn efficiestudents emathematiutilizes MtechniquesResearch software aand QPSKerror rate, 2. MATLAMATLABenvironmeMath workin tables aother languIt was orig(www.matsoftware pin many fiFigure 1 d
org
haracteristic limn (Hemant, 20dulation procerole towards th
mi, 2011), a taking the BEfading channeldes low BER of bandwidth
drakumar, 2014dulation schement and effectenrolled in anics as in the ca
MATLAB pros avoiding the paper contain
and environmeK using MATL
capacity, PSDAB Software a is a mathema
ent that enableks (http://www
and curves, impuages. MATLAginally writtenthworks.com/pprovides the reelds of interes
demonstrates th
mits the data ra14) have prese
esses. In additihe understandigeneral theor
ER as the measl is developed.
at low receivand is easy an4), (Tharakanames in MATLAive methodolon Information ase of engineegram, SIMULderivation of m
ns introductionent. 3d section LAB environm
D respectively. and Environm
atical computines engineers tw.mathworks.cplementation oAB has been wn to provide eproducts/simulesearchers witht.
he basic MATL
Fig
Computer an
ate in wirelessented the impaion, it has beening of subject etical approacsure of perform. Based on theved SNR, perd cost effectiv
atha, 2013), (XAB by using diogy for teach
Technology ring program LINK, and Cmathematics fon to the subjepresents the si
ment. Sections Finally, conclu
ment ng environmeno perform int
com), MATLAof algorithms, widely adoptedeasy access to ink), (Quarterh a large colle
LAB work env
gure 1. The MA
nd Information S
53
communicatioact of various mn proven that Mmatter. ch in studdinmance when th
ese performancrforms well inve to implemenXiaolong, 2008ifferent SIMULing digital anprogram whiis provided in Communicatioormulations anect with literaimulation of m4-7 devoted
usion and litera
nt with 4th genensive calcula
AB allows matrcreation of us
d in the acadeLINPACK an
roni, 2006), (Fection of toolbo
vironment and
ATLAB work e
Science
on. modulation paMATLAB sim
g various M-he system is aces a desirablen multipath annt in modern co), authors are iLINK tool box
nd analog modich does not (Boulmalf, 20
on Blockset tnd without comature review. modulation andfor the perforature reference
neration prograations based tarix manipulatioser interfaces, mic communit
nd EISPACK sFerreira, 2009)oxes and mod
commands.
environment
arameters towamulation enviro
-ary modulatiaffected by AW modulation sc
nd fading condommunicationimplementing xes. dulation typesrequire a stro
010). The impto simulate d
mplex coding. Section 2 intrd demodulationrmance paramees are included
amming languasks very simon, plotting of and interfacingty, industry ansoftware pack), (Leon, (200
dules for a vari
Vol. 9, No. 4;
ards the modulonment can pla
on schemes uWGN and mult
cheme is simuditions, occup
n system. various binary
s to undergradong foundatiolemented apprdigital modul
roduces MATn process in Beters, data rated.
uage and interamply. Developef functions andg with program
nd research cenkages (Gilat, 201). The MATiety of applica
2016
ation ay an
using ipath
ulated ies a
y and
duate on in roach ation
LAB BPSK e, bit
active ed by d data ms in nters. 004), LAB
ations
cis.ccsenet.
3. SimulatHere, to dpassband communic3.1 BPSK BPSK moWLAN 11modulationamount ofsubcarriersDifferent csystem relBPSK is lpossible). running th
3.2 QPSK
QPSK usesatellite syMPEG-2 vWith four BPSK in ththe maintaAs with Bnormally unot relativneed the reThe phase
org
tion of Moduldemonstrate thmodulation t
cation systems.Technology
odulation is a 1a, 11b, 11g, 1n schemes duef channel cons used for chanchannels are uated informatiless susceptiblBPSK modul
his program is s
Figure 2
Technology
ed widely in aystem) and DVvideo also usedphases, QPSKhe same bandw
aining the bandBPSK, there arused in practicve to a referenceference signae shift can alw
lation and Dehe simulationtechniques BP.
basic techniqu1n, Satellite, De to the 180° dnditions or chnnel control. used for specion which are vle to error thalation and demshown in figur
2. Simulation o
applications inVB-S (Digital Vd in video confK can encode twidth. This madwidth of the sre phase ambice. Another advce phase of a l but only com
ways be relativ
Computer an
modulation using MATLPSK and QP
ue used in vaDVB and cabledifference betwannel fading.
ific data transvery essential aan ASK, also modulation core 2.
of Modulation
ncluding CDMVideo Broadcaferencing. two bit per syay be used eithsignal or to maiguity problemvantage of QPsignal but rela
mpares two signe to reference
nd Information S
54
LAB environmPSK. These m
arious wirelesse modem. BPS
ween two consIt is used in
mission in ceare modulatedis more effic
ode was writt
and demodula
MA cellular phoasting — Satel
mbol, to minimher to double thaintain the datams at the receiPSK is the use ative to the phnals to reconstsignal. If this
Science
ment we compmethods are
s standards suSK consideredtellation point
n OFDM and
llular systemsd using BPSK mcient to use often in MATLA
ation using BP
one, wireless llite). QPSK is
mize the requithe data rate coa rate of BPSKiver and differof differential
hase of previoutruct the origins scheme used
pare two willstill used in
uch as CDMAd to be more rots. Hence it canOFDMA to m
s. The channelmodulation. f bandwidth (AB environm
PSK in MATLA
local loop, Iriused for satel
ired bandwidthompared to a B
K but half bandrentially encodl DQPSK. Herus two bit. Thenal data. d, phase shift o
Vol. 9, No. 4;
l-known and different mo
A, Imax (16d, obust among an with stand semodulate the
ls used to tran
higher data rament. The resu
AB
dium (a voicelite transmissio
h, twice the raBPSK system wdwidth needed.ded QPSK is re the phase she receiver doe
of 0 means tha
2016
basic odern
16e), ll the evere pilot
nsmit
ate is ult of
e/data on of
ate of while more
hift is s not
at the
cis.ccsenet.
signal is infor 10, 225Inter channchange amsame poweThe disadvreceiver haarrives or vQPSK moprogram isWe enter [we got the
4. NyquistData rate telecommunormally icommunic
In our situformula
make the b
The Data RThe result
bR
org
n phase with r5o for 00 and 3nel interferenc
mplitude and per. vantage of QPave to be syncvia pilot frequ
odulation and s shown in figu[0 0 0 1 1 1 0] e result as show
Figure 3
t Data Rate is a paramet
unicating deviin one secondcation channel
uation we assu
bit rate of QPS
Rate code of Qof running thi
22 logb B L= ×
reference signa3150 for 01, wice (ICI) is signhase of QPSK
PSK relative tchronized veryuency as referen
demodulation ure 3. as an original
wn in figure 3.
3. Simulation o
ter associated ces. Bit rate d
d. Mostly data not to informa
ume that the b, where L is th
SK larger than
QPSK and BPis program con
Computer an
al. QPSK signith all phase shnificantly large
K waveform. Q
to BPSK is thy often, exampnce. code was wr
sequence to th
of Modulation
with the rateescribes how mrate is measu
ation signal ba
bandwidth is the number of
BPSK.
PSK was writtenfirms the abov
nd Information S
55
al will then exhifts being relae in QPSK. To
QPSK requires
hat it is more le by using sp
ritten in MATL
he simulation p
and demodula
e of data tranmuch binary d
ured in Mbps. andwidth. If the
the same for levels. In QP
en in MATLAve idea and sho
Science
xhibit a phase ative of the refeo avoid ICI QPs a round 8 tim
sensitive to ppecial synchron
LAB environm
program and ta
ation using QP
nsferred betwedigits or bits ca
Data rate is pe bandwidth is
BPSK and QPSK L is larger
AB environmenown in figure
shift of 45o foerence signal. PSK requires
mes its bandwi
phase variationization patter
ment. The resu
aking in to acc
PSK in MATLA
een two or man be transferrproportional tos high, data rat
PSK channelsr than the in B
nt, a part of w4.
Vol. 9, No. 4;
or the data 11,
filtering whichidth to transmi
n. Transmitterrns before user
ult of running
ount the Gray
AB
more computinred in a given o the bandwidte will be also
. According toBPSK, this lea
which shown be
2016
135o
h can it the
r and r data
g this
code
ng or time,
dth of high.
o the ds to
elow.
cis.ccsenet.
From figurBPSK in d
5. Bit ErrIn digital tthat have bBER is the
Also the d
energy co
code was w
0.5 BER e=
org
re 4, we can sedata rate
or Rate transmission, tbeen altered due number of bi
definition of b
onsumed in b
. Fo
written in MAT
0? berfc E N
BW=1Rb_B=Rb_Q=plot(Bhold onplot(Bgrid onlegendxlabel(ylabel(title('B
ee that at the s
Figure 4
the number of ue to noise, intit errors divide
bit error rate c
bit to th
or QPSK usin
TLAB environ
bE
Computer an
1:30 =log2(2)/2.*BW=log2(4)/2.*BWW,Rb_B,'-rs')n W,Rb_Q,'-b*')n d('BPSK','QPSK('BW (MHz)')('Rb (bps)')
Bandwidth Vs.
same bandwidt
. Data rate for
f bit errors is thterference, disted by the total n
can be present
he signal spe
ng Q parameter
nment. The res
nd Information S
56
W*10^6 W*10^6
)
K')
Data rate')
th for example
BPSK and QP
he number of rtortion or bit synumber of tran
ted in a simpl
ectral noise
r
ult of running
N
BER Q=
Science
e at 10 MHZ, Q
PSK in MATLA
received bits oynchronizationnsferred bits du
le formula; th
and repr
.
this program i
0N
0bQ E N
QPSK shows tw
AB
of over a commn errors. uring a studied
he equation be
resent bit err
Based on thes
is shown in fig
Vol. 9, No. 4;
wice superiori
munication cha
d time interval
elow is the rat
ror rate in B
se BER formul
gure 5.
2016
ty on
annel
. io of
BPSK
las, a
cis.ccsenet.
To achieve6. Capacit
Signal to
provides h
calculated
MATLAB
org
e the same BERty and Signal
noise ratio is
high immunity
as
B code.
lc B= ×
Figure 5. B
R, for exampleto noise ratio
expressed as
y to noise as
Figure 6
(2log SNR +
Computer an
Bit error rate fo
e 10-4, BPSK no
s compare to
. Figure 6
6. Capacity ver
SNR Psigna=
)1+
nd Information S
57
or BPSK and Q
needs less ener
. T
the signal flo
represents SN
rsus SNR for B
Pal noise
Science
QPSK in MAT
rgy as 8.5 dB,
The SNR for B
oating through
NR of BPSK
BPSK and QPS
TLAB
while QPSK n
BPSK is very
h the medium
and QPSK as
SK
Vol. 9, No. 4;
needs 11.4 dB.
low means th
m. The capaci
s result of run
2016
hat it
ity is
nning
cis.ccsenet.
The capac7. Power SPower spefrequencietransform.
The formu
Figure 7 re
8. ConclusIn this papused in wiWe used Mparameters Band Bit er Signa PoweAll of thessimulationReferenceBoulmalf,
UndeConfehttp:/
Ferreira, AGilat, A. (
( )BS f =
org
ity of QPSK isSpectral Densectral density es variations ar
ula of PSD fo
epresents PSD
sion per, we had prreless communMATLAB for s. We can conc
dwidth and datarror rate is lessal to noise ratioer spectral dense expected an
n of passband mes
M., Semmarergraduate Infference, the//dx.doi.org/10A. J. M. (2009)(2004). MATL
(24 bE Sinc=
s twice of BPSsity function (PSD
re strong and a
or BPSK mod
.
D for BPSK and
resented two knication systemthe simulatio
clude that: a rate of QPSKs occurred in Bo of QPSK is b
nsity of BPSK and theoretical modulation tec
r, Y., Lakas, Aformation Tece future
0.1109/EDUCO). MATLAB CoLAB: An Intro
( )bT f
Computer an
SK at the same
D) shows theat which varia
dulation is
d QPSK as res
Figure 7. PSD
kinds of digitalm. n and compar
K is better thanBPSK unlike Qbetter than BPand QPSK areresults prove
chniques.
A., & Shuaibchnology Stud
of globON.2010.5492odes for Finite oduction with A
BS
nd Information S
58
e SNR.
e power as a ations are weak
ult of MATLA
D for BPSK an
l modulation t
rison between
n BPSK. QPSK. SK.
e the same. the suggested
b, K. (2010). dents Using Mbal learnin513 Element AnalyApplications 2
( ) 2B bf E=
Science
function of fk. Computatio
AB code.
nd QPSK
techniques BP
BPSK and Q
d idea of using
Teaching DigMatlab and Sg engineer
lysis, Springer.2nd Edition, J
( )2bSinc T f
frequency. PSDn of PSD is do
and for QP
SK and QPSK
QPSK over a s
g MATLAB en
gital and AnalSimulink, IEEEring educa
ISBN 978-1-4John Wiley &
)
Vol. 9, No. 4;
D shows at wone by fast Fo
PSK modulatio
K which are w
set of perform
nvironment fo
log ModulatioE EDUCON ation, 685
4020-9199-5.& Sons. ISBN
2016
which ourier
on is
idely
mance
or the
on to 2010 -691.
978-
cis.ccsenet.org Computer and Information Science Vol. 9, No. 4; 2016
59
0-471-69420-5. Hemant, D., & Ravindra, P. (2014). Performance Analysis of Digital Modulation Techniques under Simulation
Environment, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), Volume 1 Issue 5 JETIR (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR1405013 Retrieved from http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk_r13/help/ toolbox/commblks/ref/simref-7.html#611864
Leon, W. C. (2001). Digital and Analog Communication Systems. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, sixth edition. Li, X. L. (2008). Simulink-based Simulation of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) System. Proceedings
of The 2008 IAJC-IJME International Conference ISBN 978-1-60643-379-9. Masud, M. A., Samsuzzaman, M., & Rahman, M. A. (2010). Bit Error Rate Performance Analysis on Modulation
Techniques of Wideband Code Division Multiple Access. Journal of Telecommunications, 1(2), Retrieved from http://sites.google.com/site/journaloftelecommunications/
Quarteroni, A., & Fausto S., (2006). Scientific Computing with MATLAB and Octave, Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-32612-0.
Rashmi, S., Sunil, J., & Navneet, A. (2011). Performance Analysis of Different M-ARY Modulation Techniques in Cellular Mobile Communication, IP Multimedia Communications A Special Issue from IJCA – Retrieved from http:// www.ijcaonline.org
Samson, A., Oyetunji, A., & Akinninranye, A. (2013). Comparing Performances of Bandpass Modulation in Wireless Communication Channels. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Technology, 2(2). ISSN: 2165-8315 (Print) http://www.researchpub.org/journal/jeet/jeet.html
Tharakanatha, G. S. K., Mahaboob, K. B., & Vijay, B. C. (2013). Implementation and Bit Error Rate analysis of BPSK Modulation and Demodulation Technique using MATLAB, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 4(9). ISSN: 2231-5381. http://www.ijettjournal.org
Virendrakumar, V., & Raut, J. (2014). IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN MATLAB. International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science, 2(7). http://www.ijates.com
Copyrights Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Recommended