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8/3/2019 Similarities and Differences Power Point
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Identifying
Similarities & Differences
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4Highly effective forms
to identify similarities anddifferences
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Comparing The identification of important
characteristics is the key to effectivecomparison.
It is these characteristics that arethen used as the basis to identify
similarities and differences.-Marzano,2001
Forexample,
Comparethe basictypes andpatternsofweather.
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Comparing Two Stories (Second Grade Example)
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Comparing Two Concepts (Third Grade Example)
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.
Comparing: Predictions and Outcomes(First Grade Example)
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Comparing: Cause/Effect (Second Grade Example)
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Classifying
The process of groupingthings that are alike into
categories on the basis oftheir characteristics.
It is critical to identify therules that govern class or
category membership.-Marzano,2001
For example,
Simple
Machines
any device that only
requires the application ofa single force to work
ComplexMachines
any machine made up of twoor more simple machines
QuickTime and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Classifying: Characteristics (Kindergarten Example)
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Classifying: Phonics Web (Kindergarten Example)
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Classifying: Math Shapes (Kindergarten Example)
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Classifying: Word Sorts
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Classifying: Types of Sentences (Second Grade Example)
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Classifying: Indians (Second Grade Example)
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Classifying: Important Facts and Interesting Facts(Second Grade Example)
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Classifying: Telling Time (Third Grade Example)
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Classifying: Word Sort (Third Grade Example)
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Classifying: Pilgrim Facts (Third Grade Example)
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Creating Metaphors
The two items in a metaphorare connected by an abstract or
nonliteral relationship.
-Marzano,2001
Forexample,
Snow is ablanket.
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MetaphorsTwo elements that
have different literaldefinitions, but share a
common relationship.
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Shapes
Rectangle
SquareTriangle
like like
like like
pizza door
crackerroof
Metaphors(read from center out)
Circle
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Other Strategies
Have students follow the steps below to build theirunderstanding of metaphors/similes.
1. Listen or look for the words like or as as cluesto a possible simile.
2. Identify the two things being compared.
3. Think about the two things being compared.
4. Form a mental image of the comparison.
5. Identify what the speaker or writer is trying to
communicate.
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A Strategy
for teachingMetaphors
Pictures
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Ducks In A Row
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Recognizing similes will help studentsbetter understand what they hear or read.
They are able to form a mental image ofthe comparison and therefore increasetheir understanding. Using similes whenthey speak or write can improve their
communication as well.
Moves like asnail.
Quiet as a mouse.
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Creating Analogies
Analogies help us to see how seeminglydissimilar things are similar.
Examples,
Shoe is to foot as tire
is to wheel
Followers are to a
leader as planets are
to a sun
Shells were toancient cultures as
dollar bills are to
modern culture
Retrieved from :
http://www.epcc.edu/faculty/joeo/sa_analogy.htm
They increase our understandingof new information.
-Marzano,2001
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Graphic Organizers for Analogies
Is to
Is to
Relationship
Analogy Formula:
_____ : _____ :: _____ : _____
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Activities to use with K-3 students:
-write an analogy that compares the color of objects.
-write an analogy that compares the way animalsmove.
-write an analogy that compares times of day.
-write an analogy that compares numbers.
-write an analogy that compares famous Americans.
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: :: : __________
Benjamin Franklin is to inventions as GeorgeWashington Carver is to __________________.
Asia : ___________ :: North America : Canada
pentagon : five :: octagon : ____________
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Of the nine Marzano strategies,Similarities and Differences has the
largest effect size in regards to studentachievement.
So what enhances students
understanding of and ability touse knowledge?
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1. Presenting students with explicitguidance in identifying similarities an
differences.
2. Asking students to independentlyidentify similarities and differences.
3. Representing similarities anddifferences in graphic or symbolicform.
4. Identifying similarities and differencesis a highly-robust activity that can beaccomplished in a variety of ways.
Marzano, 2001
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Helpful Websites
http://www.graphic.org/similie.htmlhttp://www.how-tostudy.comhttp://www.classroom.leanderisd.org/webs/marzanohttp://www.edhelper.com/teachers/graphic_organizers.htm
http://www.eduplace.com
http://www.readingquest.orghttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/graphicorganizers/http://marzano.iwcs.k12.va.ushttp://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/EnhancedSandS/
Software
Kidspiration-students use to make theirown graphic organizers.
Microsoft Clipart Category Metaphors
http://www.graphic.org/similie.htmlhttp://www.how-tostudy.com/http://www.classroom.leanderisd.org/webs/marzanohttp://www.edhelper.com/teachers/graphic_organizers.htmhttp://www.eduplace.com/http://readingquest.org/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/graphicorganizers/http://marzano.iwcs.k12.va.us/http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/EnhancedSandS/http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/EnhancedSandS/http://marzano.iwcs.k12.va.us/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/graphicorganizers/http://readingquest.org/http://www.eduplace.com/http://www.edhelper.com/teachers/graphic_organizers.htmhttp://www.classroom.leanderisd.org/webs/marzanohttp://www.how-tostudy.com/http://www.how-tostudy.com/http://www.how-tostudy.com/http://www.graphic.org/similie.htmlRecommended