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[<ecords o{ the Western A uslralian Museum 24: 217--246 (2008).
Silicified Eocene molluscs from the Lower Murchison district,Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia
Thomas A. Darragh1 and George W. Kendrick2.3
I Department of Invertebrate Palaeontology, Museum Victoria, 1'.0. Box 666, Melbourne,Victoria 3001, Australia. Email: tdarragh(il.Illuseum.vic.gov.au
:' Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49,Welshpool D.C., Western Australia 6986, Australia.
1 School of Earth and Ceographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia,35 Stirling Highway, Crawlev, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
Abstract - Silicified Middle to Late Eocene shallow water sandstonesoutcropping in the Lower Murchison District near Kalbarri township containa silicified fossil fauna including foraminifera, sponges, bryozoans, solitarycorals, brachiopods, echinoids and molluscs. The known molluscan faunaconsists of 51 species, comprising 2 cephalopods, 14 bivalves, 1 scaphopodand 34 gastropods. Of these taxa three are newly described, Cerithium lvilya,Zeacolpus bartol1i, and Lyria lamellatoplicata. 25 of these molluscs areidentical to or closely comparable with taxa from the southern AustralianEocene. The occurrence of this fauna extends the Southeast AustralianProvince during the Eocene from southwest Western Australia along the westcoast north to at least 27° present day south latitude; consequently theprovince is here renamed the Southern Australian Province.
Keywords: siliceous fossils, Eocene, Kalbarri, molluscs, new taxa, CarnarvonBasin, biogeography, Southern Australian Province.
INTRODUCTION
Eocene marine molluscan assemblages fromcoastal sedimentary basins in southern Australiahave been reviewed recently by Darragh andKendrick (2000, Table 1, Figure 1), with descriptionsof new species and other records from the Bass, PortPhillip, Otway, Murray, St Vincent and BremerBasins. In contrast, Eocene molluscs from theCarnarvon Basin (Giralia Calcarenite, MerlinleighSandstone) have received little attention and, to thetime of writing, remain largely unknown. Therecent discovery in the lower Murchison Districtnear Kalbarri township of silicified, marine Eocenesediments (I-big and Mory 2(03), containing adiversity of well-preserved molluscan material,presents an opportunity to extend the study of thesegroups, erstwhile essentiallv southern indistribution, westward and northward into theSouthern Carnarvon Basin.
The Kalbarri deposit, source of the present studymaterial, was discovered by Mr David Barton ofKalbarri (see Material, below). Situated within theKalbarri National Park, the locality lies some] 9.5km ESE from Kalbarri townsite, striking south andwest for about 2 km near Junga Dam, south of theAjana-Kalbarri road. A central map reference onthe Kalbarri 1:100,000 topographic sheet (1742) is397260, at an elevation close to 220m above ArID.
The source deposit, a pallid to ferruginous silicifiedsandstone, forms a weakly defined, low breakawaytrending N-S and sloping gently westward. Itslithology and stratigraphic relationships have beendescribed by Haig and Mory (2003).
Invertebrate marine fossils, predominantlysponges and invariably silicified, lie on theweathered surface of and downslope from thebreakaway. Eocene fossils collected to date fromthis source comprise foraminifers, sponges,bryozoans, solitary corals, brachiopods, echinoidsand mollusc shells, the latter comprising ascaphopod, bivalves, gastropods and nautiloids.Further down slope occur fragments of pale,silicified porcellanite and belemnite guards(Peratobolus sp.), derived from the unconformablyunderlying Aptian Wind alia Radiolarite (IIaig andMory 2003: 1(7).
MATERIAL
Three separate collections, all from the samesource area, constitute the study material.I. Collection of Mr David Barton, acquired over the
period 2000-2001 and presented to the WesternAustralian Museum in 2005. The BartonCollection is registered in the Museum's cataloguenumerical sequence 05.182 to 05.212 inclusive.
218
2. Collection of K.]., K.A. and ].P. McNamara andS.P. Radford, during April 2004 and bearingcatalogue numerical sequence 04.206 to 04.240inclusive.
3. Collection of T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick,October 2005 and catalogue numerical sequence06.178-06.191,07.1-07.30; also Museum Victorianumbers NMV P313978-P313989, P314038314040.
4. Nautiloids collected by D.W. Haig, School ofEarth and Geographical Sciences, University ofWestern Australia, UWA 130880-1.
The specimens for this study are lodged in thefollowing institutions: Museum Victoria,Melbourne (NMV); University of WesternAustralia, Nedlands (UWA); Western AustralianMuseum, Perth (WAM).
AGE AND CORRELAnON
Planktonic foraminiferal determinations presentedby Haig and Mory (2003) have established an age forthe Kalbarri deposit within the interval P13-16 (Pzonation of Berggren and Miller 1988), BartonianPriabonian (= ]ohannian-Aldingan AustralianStages) of the Middle to Late Eocene. The absence oftropical and subtropical species of foraminiferssuggests a cooling trend over this interval,comparable with that noted for southern Australianwaters by McGowran et al. (2000).
Mollusc species from the Kalbarri Eocene showsubstantial direct affinities with those of the Bremerand other coastal basins of southern Australia, theassemblage overall being essentially temperate incharacter, though including some possible tropicalor subtropical elements. Thus, of the 51 molluscspecies recognised below in the study material, 25are identical to or closely comparable with taxafrom the southern Australian Eocene (Darragh andKendrick 2000, Table 1).
COMPARISON WITH THE MERLINLEIGHSANDSTONE
The Middle to Late Eocene Merlinleigh Sandstone(Cockbain 1981) comprises thin (to ISm) erosionalremnants of a transgressive, shallow water, nearshore deposit, located along the western flank ofthe Kennedy Range, eastern Central CarnarvonBasin and some 350-400 km NNE from the Kalbarrideposit. The MerIinleigh Sandstone comprisesmainly quartz sandstone with minor siltstone andconglomerate. Fossil material, invariably silicified,occurs as surface float below an erosion scarp andcomprises foraminifera, colonial corals, bryozoans,hydrozoans, molluscs, fossil wood (some teredinebored) and other terrestrial plant material (Condon1968, McNamara and Scott 1983, Haig and Mory2003).
T.A. Darragh and C.W. Kendrick
Other than the nautiloid Aturia cJarkei Teichert(Teichert 1944), molluscs from the MerlinleighSandstone have thus far remained unrecorded. Wehere list (Table 2) provisional determinations ofthese from the collections of Museum Victoria andthe Western Australian Museum, pending moredetailed consideration in a future paper. None ofthese taxa seems to have affinity with those of theEocene faunas of either southern Australia orKalbarri: Haig et al. (1993) considered theMerlinleigh Sandstone and Giralia Calcarenite to beprobably coeval and located within zones Pll - P13of the Middle Eocene and hence older than thepresent Kalbarri deposit. This, together withmarked facies contrasts and latitudinaldiscrepancies are consistent with the substantialdifferences here noted between the Kalbarri andMerlinleigh mollusc assemblages.
FAUNAL CONTRASTS AND DEPOSITIONALENVIRONMENTS
Mollusca from the MerIinleigh Sandstone,compared with those from the Kalbarri Eocene,differ mostly in generic identity and also in beingmuch larger and more robust. No species of thegenus Periglypta ]ukes-Brown, 1914 has beenrecorded from any Tertiary deposit in southernAustralia nor is it present at Kalbarri. Corals fromthe two sources contrast strongly; those fromMerlinleigh being colonial in character, commonand robust whereas in the Kalbarri Eocene, coralsare rare and to date are confined to specimens ofthe solitary, azooxanthellate genus FlabellumLesson. Modern records of this genus fromsouthern and Western Australia (Cairns and Parker1992, Cairns 1998) are associated with water depthsusually in excess of lOOm and indicate habitats ofthe middle to outer continental shelf and slope.Sponges, unknown from the Merlinleigh Sandstone,are common and conspicuous at Kalbarri, consistentwith a deeper water, perhaps middle shelfenvironment of deposition, although the rolled andbroken nature of all the fossils and the coarsesediment in which they are found may indicate thatthe material had been washed into shallower water.
Post-mortem transportation of the study materialis supported by the markedly disproportionatenumerical representation of the various species.Thus Zeacolpus bartoni sp. novo with 577 specimensand Cerithium wilya sp. novo (53 specimens)contrast with 35 other species in the assemblage,represented by only one or two specimens.
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY
The Southeastern Australian Province supports atemperate marine mollusc fauna, hithertorecognised in Eocene time as extending along the
Eocene molluscs, Kalbarri 219
Table 1 Mollusc determinations in the
CEl'l tAIOI'O[)AI. Eutrephocer.ls sp.2. A/uria cJarkei Teichert
B1VALVIA3. Sarep/.l planiuscula (Tate)4. Limopsis chapmani Singleton5. Tucetona lenticul.lris (late)6. Sol.lmen (Exosiperna) sI'. aff. globularis7. Vulsell.l sI'. cf. V. l.levig.lta TateH. d. 7~llochl.lrnvsevrei (rate)9. I'Iicacesta? sI'.10. Chama sI'11. Epicodakia sI'.12. Glyptoactis (FascicuIicardia) sI'. cl. C;'.(I.) lalissima Crate)13. Pratu/um hemimeris14. Dosina (Dosina) multilamellata (late)15. d. Fossacallista tatei (Cossmann)16. C.lryocorbula pixidata (late)
SCAPHOl'ODA17. Dentalium mawsom ludbrook
CASTROPODAIH. Emarginula sp.19. IVlicrelenchus (1'Iumbe1enchus) arnllllatus Da rragh & Kend rick20. Calliostoma sI'. aff. C. (Fautor) numapum Darragh & Kendrick21. Cerithium wilya sI'. novo22. Zeacolpus bartoni sI'. novo23. Tenagodus sI'.24. Xenophora sI'. aff. X. t.ltei Harris25. Naticid 51'.26. Euspirocrommium sI'.27. Galt'odca 51'.2H. Notoscila SI'.29. Ccrithiella sI'.30. Cirsotrema sI'. aff. C. pleiophylla Tate31. MargineuIima sI'.32. Turbinellid? 51'.33. l'vlurcxsul sI'.34. Brocchitas? 51'.35. Df1nnantia aldingensis Crate)36. Alcithoe (W.lihaoia) pagodoides Crate)37. N%voluta capitonica IJarragh3H. Notopeplum protorhvsum Clate)39. lamclla/opIicata sI'. novo40. CcmmoIiva 51'. d. G. ade1aidae (Tate)41. GraciIispira sI'. cf. Cl.42. Cochlespira 51'.43. l'arasyngcnochilus sI'. cf. l'. angus/ior44. Gt.'mmula? 51'.45. ;vlauidrilIia sI'. cf. M. Powcll46. sI'. A47. sI' B4H. Mitrid sI'. A49. Mitrid 51'. B
Conus? 51'.51. Conorbis 51'.
220
Table 2 Molluscs from the Merlinleigh Sandstone inthe collections of Museum Victoria and theWestern Australian Museum.
Cephalopod1. Aturia clarkei Teichert
Bivalves2. Cucullaea sp.3. Glycymeris sp.4. Spondylus sp.5. Chama sp.6. Glans? sp.7. Periglypta sp.8. Dosina (Hina) sp.9. Dosinia (Austrodosinia) sp.
Gastropod10. Tugali? sp.11. Turbo sp.
T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
Nautiloid indet.: Haig and Mory, 2003: figures 3 S, T.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 18 specimens(WAM 05.202); 10 specimens (NMV P313985); 1specimen (UWA 130881). Total 29 specimens.
DescriptionShell broadly lenticular. Siphuncle small, situated
close to venter and slightly offset to the right.Hyponomic sinus broad and shallow. Smallumbilicus closed by callus, but visible on somespecimens. Sculpture of fine, close-set equal spiralIirae visible on early whorls and beaded wherecrossed by growth lines.
Dimensions
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
DiscussionAll specimens are juveniles consisting of one or
two whorls, with the possible exception of thelargest specimen (figured), which seems to consistof two or possibly three whorls. Though poorlyvisible, the suture line appears to be straight. Mostof the shells are infilled with silica and aretransparent, but there is no sign of a siphunclewithin the shell nor are there signs of chambers inthe better preserved specimens, so no suture linesare visible. The sculpture preserved on some of thesmaller specimens is very similar to that figured byLandman et al. (1983, figure 4a) on Eutrephocerasdekayi (Morton, 1834), Late Cretaceous, NorthAmerica.
Eutrephoceras species have been recorded fromthe Paleocene of Victoria by Teichert (1947) and byMcGowran (1959) from the Early and MiddleMiocene of South Australia and from the MiddleMiocene of Victoria. If the genus is correctlyidentified, this is the first record from the Eocene ofAustralia.
south coast of Australia from the Gippsland Basinin the east to the Bremer Basin in the west (Darragh1985, figure 3). The Austral Indo-Pacific Province,in essence an extension of the tropical Indo-PacificProvince, in Eocene time was thought to beconfined to the Carnarvon Basin on the west coastof Australia. The results of the current work showthis to be so, but in addition, that the SoutheasternAustralian Province extended at least to thesouthern part of the Southern Carnarvon Basin asfar north as approximately present day 27° southlatihlde. The Province may have extended furthernorth, but if so, any evidence for this has probablybeen removed by erosion.
Of the molluscs present in the Kalbarri fauna, allgenera are typically represented in the SoutheasternAustralian Province. All the bivalve and scaphopodgenera are represented in the Eocene. Most of thegastropod genera are also known from the Eocene,with the exception of Zeacolpus and Lyria, thetaxon here referred as Turbinellid? sp. and possiblyNotoseila and Cerithiella. Of the cephalopods,Aturia is represented in the Eocene, but inAustralia, Eutrephoceras has hitherto only beenrecorded from the Paleocene and the Miocene.
Inclusion of the Bremer and southern CarnarvonBasins in the Southeastern Australian Provincemakes the name of the province inappropriate.Consequently the province is renamed here theSouthern Australian Province.
WAM 05.202aWAM 05.202b
Height3311
Width197.5
SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY
Class Cephalopoda
Family Nautilidae
Genus Eutrephoceras Hyatt, 1894
Eutrephoceras sp.Figures 1.14, 1.24, 1.25
Family Aturiidae
Genus Aturia Bronn, 1838
Aturia clarkei Teicherl, 1944Figures 1.18, 1.19
Aturia clarkei Teichert, 1944: 79, plate 15, figures 14; plate 16, figures 1, 2; text figure 2.
Aturia sp. Haig and Mory 2003: figures 3, Q, R.
Eocene molluscs, Kalbarri 221
and rounded posteriorly, umbo weakly inflated,beaks slightly projecting and anterior of centre.Sculpture (LV) of faint, commarginal growth striae,scarcely discernible on umbo. Internal characters andthose of dorsal nlargin concealed (described byLudbrook 1961 from the type material).
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(UWA 130880).
DescriptionShell slightly flattened, but flanks originally
slightly convex, of small size; no umbilicus; venterbroadly rounded; growth lines not visible.Siphuncle large, partly obscured by matrix.
DimensionsLength
WAM 06.179 (pair) 5.4Height
4.1Inflation
2.3
DiscussionThe saddle of the suture on the Kalbarri specimen
seems rounded, rather than slightly flattened, as inspecimens of Aturia c1arkei from the type localitynear the Merlinleigh homestead site in the KennedyRange. This slight difference could be a result ofdifficulty in tracing accurately the suture on thisparticular specimen, or perhaps because of someintra-specific or ontogenic variation, the KennedyRange specimens being much larger (40 - > 100mm).
Dimensions
UWA 130880Height
31.8Width
13.3
DiscussionThe present specimens compare well with others
from the Pallinup Formation and from the typelocality. The species combines a wide distributionwith rarity in collections.
OccurrenceOtway Basin: Glen Aire Clay, Oligocene. St
Vincent Basin: "Adelaide Bore", Kent Town (type),Blanche Point Formation, Late Eocene. BremerBasin: North Walpole, Pallinup Formation, LateEocene. Southern Carnarvon Basin: unnamedsandstone, Middle-Late Eocene.
OccurrenceOtway Basin: Clifton Formation, reworked
specimens. St Vincent Basin: TortachillaLimestone. Bremer Basin: Pallinup Formation.Southern Carnarvon Basin: Merlinleigh Sandstone(type); unnamed sandstone, Middle-Late Eocene.
Class Bivalvia
Family Sareptidae
Genus Sarepta A. Adams, 1860
Sarepta planiuscula (Tate, 1886)Figure 1.4
Leda planiuscula Tate, 1886: 130, plate 5, figure 2.
Ovaleda planiuscula (Tate): I.ud brook 1961: 61,plate 3, figures 3, 4.
Sarepta planiuscula (Tate): Darragh and Kendrick2000: 18, 22, figure 21.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: conjoined valves(W AM 06.179); 1 fragment (NMV P313980).
Family Limopsidae
Genus Limopsis Sassi, 1827
Limopsis chapmani Singleton, 1932Figure 1.21
Limopsis chapmani Singleton, 1932: 296-299, plate24, figures 12-14, plate 25, figure 16.
Limopsis (Limopsis) chapmani (Singleton): Darraghand Kendrick, 1980: 13, figures 2 O-R; Darraghand Kendrick 2000: 24.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: conjoined valves(WAM 06.181).
DescriptionConjoined valves, small for the species, RV
somewhat corroded dOl'sally, L.V substantiallyintact; obliquely sub-ovate, slightly producedposteriorly, umbones slightly prosogyrate, beaksslightly projecting, dorsal margin partly obscured,probably straight and less than half shell length.Sculpture of weak, spaced, commarginal striae.
Dimensions
RemarksThe Kalbarri specimen, probably a juvenile,
DescriptionThe better of the two Kalbarri specimens is a small,
roundly subquadrate, conjoined pair, of which theleft valve is substantially intact, right valvesomewhat corroded and pitted. Slightly produced
WAM06.181Length
4.6Height
5.0Inflation
2.7
222 T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
54
87
1
12
17
Eocene molluscs, Kalbarri 223
RemarksThe limited material to hand from Kalbarri, from
rib counts and other general characters, compareswell with specimens of similar size from bothBrowns Creek and Pallinup Formations (WAM05.29). Valve orientation of juveniles of this speciesrequires care and preferably from access to theadductor muscle scars (Ludbrook 1965: 93). Thespecimen figured herein appears to be a RV,assuming that the beak is located slightly posteriorof centre. Adult valves of this species may attain alength of up to 37mm.
compares closely with conspecific material fromBrowns Creek and also North Walpole, where itoccurs commonly and occasionally as a conjoinedpair (Darragh and Kendrick 1980). Its abundance atthe latter locality contrasts markedly with its rarityat Kalbarri.
OccurrencePort Phillip Basin: Jan Juc Formation (type), Late
Oligocene-Early Miocene. Otway Basin: Lower andupper Browns Creek Formation, Late Eocene. LowerGlen Aire Clay, Early Oligocene. St Vincent Basin:Blanche Point Formation, Late Eocene. BremerBasin: Werillup Formation, Middle Eocene. PallinupFormation, Late Eocene. Southern Carnarvon Basin:unnamed sandstone, Middle-Late Eocene.
Dimensions
WAM 04.206 (RV)Length
6.3Height
5.9Inflation
1.7
Family Glycymeridae
Genus Tucetona Iredale, 1931
Tucetona lenticularis (Tate, 1886)Figures 1.8, 1.12
Pectunculus lenticularis Tate, 1886: 138, plate 11,figure 1.
Tucetona lenticularis (Tate): Darragh and Kendrick2000: 24, figure 2J.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 2 specimens(WAM 04.206); 1 specimen (WAM 06.180); 2specimens (NMV P313981). Total of four completevalves and one fragment.
DescriptionSingle valves, all juveniles, some fragmentary.
Orbicular, slightly longer than high, compressed,umbones low, orthogyrate, beaks small, locatedslightly posterior of centre, ligamental area narrow,costae numbering (present material) 21-26, aboutequal to interspaces, margins abraded, adductorscars not sighted.
OccurrenceOtway Basin: Browns Creek Formation, Late
Eocene. Lower Glen Aire Clay, Early Oligocene. StVincent Basin: South Maslin Sand, Middle Eocene.Blanche Point Formation (type), Late Eocene.Bremer Basin: Werrilup Formation, Middle Eocene.Pallinup Formation, Late Eocene. SouthernCarnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone, Middle-LateEocene.
Family Mytilidae
Genus Solamen Iredale, 1924
Subgenus Exosiperna Iredale, 1929
Solamen (Exosiperna) sp. aff. globularis (Tate,1886)
Figures 1.1, 1.6
Crenella globularis Tate, 1886: 126, plate 10, figure3a, b.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 right valve(WAM 06.182).
..... Figure 1 Solamen (Exosipema) sp. aff. S. (E.) globularis (Tate), I, 6 WAM 06.182, RV x 8. Chama sp., 2, 3 WAM 06.187,RV external, internal x 3.7. Sarepta planiuscula (Tate), 4 WAM 06.179, LV x 5.0. Glyptoactis (Fasciculicardia)sp. cf. G. (F.) latissima (Tate), 5 WAM 06.188, LV x 4.4. cf. Fossacallista tatei (Cossmann), 7 WAM 06.189, LVx 3.0. Tucetona lenticularis (Tate), 8, 12 WAM 04.206, RV x 4.8. Caryocorbula pixidata (Tate), 9 WAM 06.190,LV internal x 3.9; 13 WAM 06.190, LV external x 3.9; 17 WAM 05.183 RV external x 3.9. Plicacesta? sp., 10WAM 05.202, LV x 3.8. Vulsella sp. cf. V. laevigata Tate, 11 WAM 06.183, LV x 3.7. Eutrephoceras sp., 14WAM 05.202b x 4.2; 24, 25 WAM 05.202a x 1.5. Pratulum hemimeris (Tate), 15 WAM 04.208, LV x 3.0. Dosina(Dosina) multilamellata (Tate), 16 WAM 04.209, LV x 5.7. Aturia c1arkei Teichert, 18, 19 UWA 130880 x 1.7(18), x 1.6 (19). Epicodakia sp., 20 WAM 05.182, RV x 4.0. Limopsis chapmani Singleton, 21 WAM 06.181, LVx 6.6. cf. Taloch1amys eyrei (Tate), 22 WAM 06.184, RV x 2.8; 23 WAM 06.185, RV? x 2.6; 26 WAM 06.185,RV? x 9.6.
224 T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
DescriptionSmall, higher than long, inflated, beak incurved,
slightly anterior of centre. Sculpture mostlyobscured by secondary silica but some very faintcommarginal and finer, radial sculpture discernablein part.
North Walpole and has a thicker shell than anyknown specimen from there. These apparentdifferences and ~heir significance, if any, need to beclarified by the collection of further material fromthe present locality.
OccurrenceSt Vincent Basin: Blanche Point Formation, Late
Eocene (type). Southern Carnarvon Basin:unnamed sandstone, Middle-Late Eocene.
RemarksThe discovery of what may prove to be Tate's
rather uncommon species at Kalbarri, hithertoknown only from the Late Eocene of the St VincentBasin, suggests a possible substantial extension ofrange for the species. The Kalbarri specimen isabout half the size of Tate's type and is in partdecorticated and also overlain by secondary silica;however traces of light, cancellate SCUlpture arediscernible.
DimensionsLength
WAM 06.182 . 2.9Height
3.7Inflation
2.7
OccurrenceSt Vincent Basin: Glauconitic limestone at the
base of Witton Bluff, near mouth of the RiverOnkaparinga, South Australia. TortachillaLimestone, Late. Eocene (type). Bremer Basin:Pallinup Formation, Late Eocene. SouthernCamarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone, Middle-LateEocene.
Family Pectinidae
Genus Talochlamys Iredale, 1929
cf. Talochlamys eyrei (Tate, 1886)Figures 1.22, 1.23, 1.26
Pecten eyrei Tate, 1886: 107, plate 8, figures 3a, b, 6.
Talochlamys eyrei (Tate): Beu and Darragh 2001:101-106, figures 31B, C, E, G, I; 32G; 33A-E;34A-G.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 left valve(WAM 06.183).
RemarksThe single valve to hand from Kalbarri appears to
be of greater length relative to height than examplesof Tate's species from the Pallinup Formation of
DescriptionHigher than long, moderately inflated, umbo
elevated, beak projecting, opisthogyrate, marginposteriorly excavate below beak, slightly convexanteriorly. Sculpture part-corroded, part-obscuredbut some weak, spaced, commarginal costae visible.Internal characters obscured.
Family Malleidae
Genus Vulsella Roding, 1798
Vulsella sp. cf. V.Iaevigata Tate, 1886Figure 1.11
Vulsella laevigata Tate, 1886: 122, plate 3, figure 3a,b; Darragh and Kendrick 1980: 15, figures 3D-H.
Height InflationLengthca 14
Dimensions
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 right valve,fragment (WAM 06.184); 1 right valve?, fragment(WAM 06.185). Total of two specimens.
WAM06.184
DescriptionTwo fragmentary, immature specimens are
consistent with and probably referable to Tate'sspecies. The better of the two retains portion of theanterior auricle and byssal notch. Shagreensculpture is well developed on each but neithershows any trace of commarginal sculpture on thecostae or elsewhere. So far as can be observed, thesculpture of these specimens corresponds to that ofthe peroni form of T.eyrei (Beu and Darragh 2001).
RemarksThe genus and its fossil component from the
Tertiary of southern Australia have been reviewedby Beu and Darragh (2001), with most occurrencesfrom Victorian and South Australian sources.Additional to these are a few records from the Eucla(Eocene-Miocene) and Bremer (Eocene) Basins.
Talochlamys eyrei is a common and widelydistributed species from the Aldingan toLongfordian variously in the St Vincent, Murray
InflationHeight9.5
Length8.0 (est.)
Dimensions
WAM 06.183, LV
Eocene molluscs, Kalbarri
and Otway Basins. Confirmed records for thespecies from Western Australia are few and to dateare confined to the Wilson Bluff and AbrakurrieLimestones of the Eucla Basin.
Two species of Talochlamys, approximatelycoeval with but distinct from the study material, arerecorded from the Pallinup Formation of theBremer Basin (Beu and Darragh 2001). Specimensare few and of inferior preservation. Clarification oftheir identities is subject to the collection of further,well-preserved material.
225
Family Chamidae
Genus Chama Linnaeus, 1758
Chamasp.Figures 1.2, 1.3
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 right valve(WAM 06.1E?7).
DescriptionA small, probably immature and transposed
tumid RV, umbo strongly prosocline, beakincurved. Sculpture of about 14 thin, irregular,spaced commarginal lamellae with faint traces ofradial sculpture forming a frill on the edge of thelamellae. Hinge corroded, with traces of poorlypreserved cardinals and possible laterals. No lunuleor escutcheon apparent. Groove present on umbo,extending onto disc - a possible attachment area.Exterior partly corroded, interior obscured bymatrix.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Family Limidae
Genus Plicacesta V okes, 1963
Plicacesta? sp.Figure 1.10
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: conjoined valves(WAM 06.186).
Dimensions
WAM 06.187Length
7.9Height
8.2Inflation
5.5
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
RemarksUnlike any known fossil taxon from southern
and south eastern Australia, the specimen isassigned provisionally to Plicacesta with regard tothe broader ribs on the median area of each valve.Compared with Plicacesta smithi (G.B. Sowerby,1888), type species of Plicacesta, from the Recentof Japan, the present species has fewer, morespaced ribs, smaller posterior auricles and lessersize.
DescriptionConjoined equal valves, obliquely sub-orbicular,
slightly inflated, extended anteriorly. Posteriorauricles very small, antero-dorsal area somewhatcorroded, anterior gape obscured. Sculpture of 20radial costae, about as wide as interspaces, theanterior seven and posterior eight narrower thanmedian five and with weakly angulate divergentcrests. Costae and interspaces bear low, crowded,commarginal lamellae. Ventral margin crenulate.Internal characters not seen.
Dimensions
WAM 06.186Length
8.9Height
8.5Inflation
4.7
RemarksChama shells are markedly inequivalve and
usually attach to firm substrates by cementation ofpart of the cup-shaped LV. In this "normal" form,the RV is more-or-Iess flattened and discoidal.Sculpture of the valves is irregularly discrepant,with commarginal elements predominant.
Recent studies (e.g., Matsukuma 1996,Matsukuma et al. 1997) have reported instances ofboth "normal" and transposed or "inverse" formsof shell within a single species of the genus. In thelatter case, valve transposition affecting shell and/orhinge occurs with attachment by the RV. Thoughpoorly preserved, the present specimen fromKalbarri retains probable remnants of a juvenile,pre-settlement form of dentition, such as that notedby Matsukuma (1996: 24). However, in a discussionon the synonymy of the genus Chama and thesignificance of valve transposition, Beu (2006: 215221) concluded that valve cementation was of little,if any taxonomic significance.
Chama lamellifera Tenison Woods, 1877 representsthe genus from the Late Eocene to Middle Mioceneof south-eastern Australia (Harris 1897, Darragh1985). Examination of all specimens of that spec;ies inthe collections of Museum Victoria and WesternAustralian Museum has found no example of valvetransposition. Clarification of the relationship of thatspecies to the Kalbarri specimen is deferred untilfurther, better preserved material eventuates.
226
A species of Chama, clearly distinct from C.lamellifera, is represented m collections (Table 2)from the Middle-Late Eocene MerlinleighSandstone of the eastern Central Carnarvon Basm.These large, robust shells, unlike the smgle KalbarriChama, all have "normal" hinge and valveattachment orientation. The relationship of the twopopulations remams to be clarified, subject to thecollection of further material from Kalbarri.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Family Lucinidae
Genus Epicodakia Iredale, 1930
Epicodakia sp.Figure 1.20
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: fragmentaryright valve (WAM 04.207); conjoined valves (WAM05.182); conjoined valves (NMV P313982). Total oftwo pairs of valves and one fragmentary rightvalve.
T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Family Carditidae
Genus Glyptoactis Stewart, 1930
Subge:tlus Fasciculicardia Maxwell, 1969
Glyptoactis (Fasciculicardia) sp. cf. G.(F.)latissima (Tate, 1886)
Figure 1.5
Cardita latissima Tate, 1886: 153, plate 2, figure 5.
Cardium arcaeformis Chapman and Crespin, 1934:121, plate 11, figures 25-27.
Venericardia (Fasciculicardia) latissima (Tate):Maxwell1969: 173-4.
Glans latissima (Tate): Ludbrook 1973: 247, plate 24,figures 11, 12.
Glans (Fasciculicardia) latissima (Tate): Darraghand Kendrick 1980: 17, figures 4G-L.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 fragmentaryleft valve (WAM 06.188).
RemarksThe Kalbarri specimens are not unlike the Recent
type species of the genus, Epicodakia tatei (Angas,1879), differing in its slightly greater anteriorextension and fmer, more dense sculpture, bothradial and commarginal. Comparison with acongenor from the Pallinup Formation at NorthWalpole (Darragh and Kendrick 1980) shows theKalbarri specimen to have greater anteriorextension and more crowded, persistent sculpture.
DescriptionThe bivalve is transversely sub-elliptical,
extended anteriorly, a little inflated, umbonesorthogyrate, beaks proximate and located posteriorof centre. Antero-dorsal area excavate, ligamentexternally visible. Sculpture of radial andcommargmal elements, absent from the beaks. Fme,close radials cover the disc, stronger and slightlyantimarg:inal on flanks, fadmg dorsally. Very fine,close commarginals extend across the disc.Fragmentary RV 04.207 retams hmge, comprismg asmall, th:in, anterior cardinal (3a), a strong, groovedposterior cardinal (3b) and prominent, singlelaterals (AlII and PIlI), both remote from cardinals.
Dimensions
WAM05.182Length
lOAHeight
8.7Inflation
5.0
DescriptionAbout 24 radial costellae, about as wide as or
narrower than the interspaces, are visible on thisincomplete LV. Ribs bear transverse scales oncrests, more prominent on anterior and posteriorareas.
DimensionsThe size of the specimen cannot be measured but
the estimated length is 6.5mm.
RemarksAs far as can be seen, the sculpture of this
specimen compares well with others of Tate'sspecies from Brown's Creek, Aldinga and NorthWalpole.
Ranking Fasciculicardia as a subgenus ofGlyptoactis follows the conclusions of Maxwell (inBeu and Maxwell 1990: 102) and Beu (2006: 224),recognising a close relationship between the two.
OccurrenceOtway Basin: Lower and Upper Browns Creek
Formation, Late Eocene. St Vincent Basin: BlanchePoint Formation, Late Eocene (type). Bremer Basin:Pallinup Formation, Late Eocene. SouthernCarnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone, Middle-LateEocene.
Eocene molluscs, Kalbarri 227
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 conjoined pair(WAM 04.208).
Family Cardiidae
Genus Pratulum Iredale, 1924
Pratulum hemimeris (Tate, 1887)Figure 1.15
Cardium hemimeris Tate, 1887: 153, platel4, figures2a-c.
DescriptionSmall, conjoined valves, inflated, about as high as
long, with prominent, raised median umbones andincurved beaks. Sculpture of very fine, close,simple, radial costellae extending over about theanterior 60% of shell. Posteriorly, costellae andinterspaces widen, with weak transverse scalesextending anteriorly from each radial across theadjacent (anterior) interspace. Sculpture appears tobe worn, with or without some imperfection in thesilica replication of the original aragonitic shell.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: conjoined valves(WAM 04.209); 1 fragment (NMV P313983).
,
Inflation3.8
Height5.3
LengthWAM 04.209 (pair) 6.2
Dimensions
Dosina (Dosina) multitaeniata (Tate): Ludbrook,1973: plate 24, figures 18, 19 (invalidreplacement name for multilamellata).
Dosina (Dosina) multilamellata (Tate): Darragh andKendrick 1980: 19.
RemarksThe confused taxonomy of Tate's species has been
discussed by Darragh and Kendrick (1980). Thepresent single, well-preserved specimen fromKalbarri closely resembles others of similar sizefrom the Blanche Point Formation at Aldinga.
DescriptionSmalt transversely ovate, inflated, with low
umbones and prosogyrate beaks. Lunule shallow,broad, bordered by incised line, escutcheonelongate, weakly defined. Sculpture of thin, spaced,commarginal costellae, ca 17 in height of 5.3mm,beaks smooth.
Inflation9.9
Height12.7
Length12.4
Dimensions
WAM04.208
RemarksThe single specimen to hand from Kalbarri, of this
uncommon species, compares well in size andmorphology with others from the Blanche PointFormation at Aldinga, South Australia. Three smallsilicified shell fragments (WAM 83.2605) from thePallinup Formation at North Walpole, bear cardiidtype sculpture not unlike that of the present species,suggesting a possible presence at that muchcollected locality.
OccurrenceBass Basin: Freestone Cove Sandstone, Early
Miocene. Port Phillip Basin: Jan Juc Formation,Late Oligocene-Early Miocene. Otway Basin:Upper Browns Creek Formation, Late Eocene. StVincent Basin: Blanche Point Formation, LateEocene (type). Bremer Basin: Pallinup Formation,Late Eocene. Southern Carnarvon Basin: unnamedsandstone, Middle-Late Eocene.
OccurrenceOtway Basin: Browns Creek Formation, Late
Eocene. St Vincent Basin: Blanche Point Formation,Late Eocene (type). Bremer Basin: PallinupFormation,?, Late Eocene, Southern CarnarvonBasin: unnamed sandstone, Middle-Late Eocene.
Family Veneridae
Genus Dosina Gray, 1835
Subgenus Dosina s.str.
Dosina (Dosina) multilamellata (Tate, 1887)Figure 1.16
Chione multilamellata Tate, 1887: 154, 155, plate 15,figures 6a, b.
Genus Fossacallista Marwick, 1938
cf. Fossacallista tatei (Cossmann, 1920)Figure 1.7
Cytherea tenuis Tate, 1886: 159, plate 14, figure 16Gunior homonym). non Hall and Meek, 1854.
Cytherea tatei Cossmann, 1920: 37. nom. novo for C.tenuis Tate, non Hall and Meek, 1854.
Notocallista (Fossacallista) tatei (Cossman):Marwick 1938: 77, plate 14, figures 1-3;Ludbrook, 1973: plate 24, figure 13.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: conjoined valves(WAM 06.189).
228
DescriptionConjoined valves, of which RV is deformed by
compaction and somewhat corroded, LV corrodedanteriorly and dorsally, otherwise intact. Lengthexceeds height, anteriorly short, posteriorlyextended, umbo (LV) low, beaks prosogyrate.Sculpture of fine, close-set, incised commarginallines, lunule excavate, small.
Dimensions
WAM06.189(deformed pair)
Length11.3
Height9.1
,Inflation4.3
T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
topotypes of Tate's species from the Blanche PointFormation at Aldinga, South Australia.
OccurrenceOtway Basin: Lower and upper Browns Creek
Formation, Late Eocene. Lower Glen Aire Clay,Early Oligocene. St Vincent Basin: Blanche PointFormation (type), Late Eocene. Bremer Basin:Pallinup Formation, Late Eocene. SouthernCarnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone, Middle-LateEocene.
RemarksThe present specimen is very close to others from
the Blanche Point Formation in the Kent Town(Adelaide) bore, South Australia, the type locality.
OccurrenceOtway Basin: Browns Creek Formation, Late
Eocene, Glen Aire Clay, Early Oligocene. Jan-JucFormation, Late Oligocene-Early Miocene. StVincent Basin: Blanche Point Formation, LateEocene (type). Southern Carnarvon Basin:unnamed sandstone, Middle-Late Eocene.
Family Corbulidae
Genus Caryocorbula Gardner, 1926
Caryocorbula pixidata (Tate, 1887)Figures 1.9, 1.13, 1.17
Corbula pixidata Tate, 1887: 177, plate 17, figures12a, b.
Corbula (Caryocorbula) pixidata (Tate): Darraghand Kendrick 1980: 19, figures 5D-H.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: conjoined pair(WAM 05.183); 1 left valve (WAM 06.190);conjoined pair (NMV P313984).
Class Scaphopoda
Family Dentaliidae
Genus Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758
Subgenus Fissidentalium Fischer, 1885
Dentalium (Fissidentalium) mawsoni Ludbrook,1956
Figures 2.1, 2.2
Dentalium (Fissidentalium) mawsoni Ludbrook,1956: 2, 3, plate I, figures 5, 6.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 3 specimens(WAM 04.227); 2 specimens (WAM 05.201); 15specimens (WAM 06.178); 13 specimens (NMVP313978); 3 specimens (WAM P313979). Total of 36specimens.
DescriptionMedium sized, robust, circular to slightly oval in
cross-section, almost straight, curvature slight,where visible, tending toward apex. Ribs fine tovery fine, of irregular size and spacing, numberingca 30 (apex) to ca 50 (aperture), increasing byintercalation. No specimen in the study material isintact, none retaining either apical slit or aperture.
Dimensions
RemarksKalbarri specimens compare closely with
DescriptionSmall, longer than high, inequivalve, LV the more
inflated, umbones and beaks prosogyrate, beaks atanterior third, anteriorly rounded, short, posteriorlyextended, truncate, posterior area offset by welldefined angulation. Chondrophore (LV) large.
RemarksThis is one of the more common, widely
distributed and long-ranging dentaliid species fromthe Tertiary of southern Australia, here extendedinto the later Eocene of the southern CarnarvonBasin. Kalbarri specimens have been compared withtopotypes from the Middle Miocene Cadell Marl(Murray Basin) and with Late Eocene material fromthe Browns Creek Formation (Otway Basin) and areclosely comparable.
Dimensions
WAM 05.183 (pair)WAM 06.190 (LV)
Length9.48.4
Height6.46.0
Inflation4.42.4
WAM05.201aWAM05.20lb
Length2718
Max. diameter5.03.5
Eocene molluscs, Kalbarri
OccurrenceOtway Basin: Browns Creek Formation, Late
Eocene. Glen Aire Clay, Oligocene. Jan JucFormation, Oligo-Miocene. Puebla Formation, EarlyMiocene. Muddy Creek Formation, Middle Miocene.Fyansford Formation, Early-Middle Miocene. BassBasin: Freestone Cove Sandstone, Early Miocene.Murray Basin: Cadell Marl Member, Morganlimestone, Middle Miocene (type). St VincentBasin: Blanche Point Formation, Late Eocene. DryCreek Sands, Late Miocene. Bremer Basin: Pallinu~)Formation, Late Eocene. Southern Carnarvon Basin:unnamed sandstone, Middle-Late Eocene.
Class Gastropoda
Family Fissurellidae
Genus Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
Emarginula sp.Figures 2.1, 2.2, 2.6
229
Family Trochidae
Genus Micrelenchus Finlay, 1926
Subgenus Plumbelenchus Finlay, ]926
Micrelenchus (Plumbelenchus) armulatusDarragh and Kendrick, 2000
Figure 2.3
Micrelenchus (Plumbelenchus) armulatus Darraghand Kendrick 2000: 46, figures 6], K
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 04.212).
DescriptionSmall, turbiniform, height and diameter about
equal, whorls shouldered with distinct subsuturalshelf, sculpture of light spiral striae.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 04.210).
DimensionsHeight
WAM 04.212 4.2Max. diameter
4.5No. whorls
ca 4.5
DescriptionSmall, probably immature, longer than wide,
width and height about equal, margin mostlyabraded, in particular on right posterior flank. Apexacute, strongly incurved, close to posterior extremity.Selenizone infilled by raised, tuberculate, median rib,slit absent due to abrasion. Radial ribs ten or eleven,alternating in width and prominence, some very fine,the larger generating tubercles at intersections withfine, near-lamellate concentric ribs. Interior obscured.
RemarksMinor variation in the whorl profile and in the
strength and persistence of the sculpture was notedin the type material (Darragh and Kendrick 2000)and the Kalbarri specimen generally compares wellwith topotypes. In the latter, shell heightconsistently exceeds maximum diameter, possiblydue to the greater size of the North Walpolespecimens. Crab damage is evident on the apertureof the present specimen.
Dimensions
WAM 04.210Length
5.0Width
2.8Height
2.7
OccurrenceSt Vincent Basin: Blanche Point Formation.
Bremer Basin: Pallinup Formation (type). SouthernCarnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone, Middle-lateEocene.
RemarksThe genus appears to be widespread but sparsely
represented in the later Eocene of southernAustralia. A species of Emarginula, very similar tothat from Kalbarri, is known from a single specimen(NMV 1'302258) from the Browns Creek Formation.Fragments attributed to Emarginula from thePlantagenet Group of the Bremer Basin (Darraghand Kendrick 2000: 30, 31, figures 4, K, M) appearto be specifically distinct from the present species.The margins of the Kalbarri specimen appear tohave sustained crab damage.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Genus Calliostoma Swainson, 1840
Subgenus Fautor Iredale, 1924
Calliostoma (Fautor) sp. aff. numapum Darraghand Kendrick, 2000
Figure 2.14
CaJIiostoma (Fautor) nurnapurn Darragh andKendrick, 2000: 48, figure 7A
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(W AM 04.211).
230
12
T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
14
Eocene molluscs, Kalbarri 231
DescriptionSmall, juvenile, trochiform, higher than wide,
spire angle 46°, lacking apical extremity, part ofaperture and columella; whorls six, the lastincomplete, initially slightly convex, becomingflattened with growth; sutures slightly channelled;sculpture of six narrow spiral threads per whorl,the basal two (i.e. above suture) rather moregranose than others; two apical whorls show moreradially aligned granulation than subsequently;basal sculpture of fine, close spiral threads.
Park, 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri; ca. I km W of lungaDarn, surface float downslope and west of lowridge, map reference Kalbarri (I: 100,000 series)397260,14-17 October 2005, T.A. Darragh and C.W.Kend rick (WAM 07.1).
ParatypcsAustralia: Western Australia: 2 specimens,
collected with holotype (WAM 04.218a, 07.2); 1specimen, collected with holotype (NMV 1'313970).
Material examined
H%typcAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Cerithium wilya sp. novoFigures 3.28, 3.29, 3.30, 3.31
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
No. whorls9
5.0 8.3
5.3 ca 11
6.6 9
Max. diameter6.2
Height15.7
14.2
Dimensions
WAM 07.1holotype
WAM 07.2
Other material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: all collected with
holotype: 14 specimens (WAM 04.218); 5 specimens(W AM 05.189); 34 specimens (W AM 07.3); 36specimens (NMV P31397l). Total of 89 specimens.
DescriptionSmall for genus, possibly immature; spire
narrowly acuminate, subtending angle of 22°-25°;whorls of moderate convexitv with well-definedsutures; whorls bear persistent varices, ten visiblein about eight whorls. Sculpture of narrow,intervariceal radials, numbering seven to twelvebetween varices and overlain by up to 13 (on lastwhorl) narrow spirals of uneven spacing andprominence, of which the adapical seven are nodoseat the rib intersections; spirals continuous overvarices. Aperture invariably broken (crabpredation), lacking anal canal; columella rounded,the margin (where retained) forming callusbordering parietal area; remnants of anteriorsiphonal canal occasionally retained (paratype04.218a).
paratypeWAM 04.218a 17.8
paratypeNMV P313970 16.9
para typeThese are actual shell measurements and counts.
All are diminished due to loss of apices anddan1age to apertures (refer figures).
Max. diameter No. whorls3.3 ca 6
HeightW AM 04.211 4.5
Dimensions
Family Cerithiidae
Genus Cerithium Bruguiere, 1789
Type speciesCerithium adansonii Bruguiere, 1792, by
subsequent designation of Melville (1978, ICZNOpinion 11(9) Cerithium erythraeonenseLamarck, 1822 = Cerithium nodulosum. Bruguiere,1792 (= senior synonym, Houbrick, 1992).
RemarksThe single juvenile specimen to hand, lacking the
full range of adult characters, nevertheless recallsCalliostoma (Fautor) numapum Darragh andKendrick from the Pallinup Formation (Darraghand Kendrick 2(00), to which it is clearly related. Incomparison, the present species has a more acutespire and, as far as can be observed, a moregranulate micro-sculpture.
..... Figure 2 Emarginula sp., I, 2, 6 WAM 04.210 all x 9.0. ;\Iicrclcnchus (l'lwnbclcnchus) armulatus IJarragh andKcndrick, 3 WAM 04.212 x 7.7. Naticid sp., 4,5 WAM 04.219 x 7.0. ;vlurcxsul sp, 8 WAM 07.13 x 3.8.Dcnnantia aldingcnsis 9 WAM 04.223 x 3.0; ]0 WAM 05.]92 x 2.8. Tcnagodus sp., ] I WAtv1 05.191a x2.4; 15 WAM 07.9 x 4.3. Xcnophora sp. cf. X. tatci llarris, ]2, ]3 WAM 05.200a x 2.5. Calliostoma (Fautor) sp.aff. C.(F.) numapum Darragh and Kcndrick, ]4 WAM 004.2] ] x 8.0. Euspirocrommium sp., 16 W AM 05.185 x3.0. Turbinclliej? sp., 17, ]8 WAM 07.133 x 1.0. Lvria lamcllatopficata sp. nov., 19, 20 WAt'v! 07. J8 x 2.8,holotypc. Alcithoc (Waihaoia) pagodoidcs Crate), 2 J WAM 07. J6 x 2.0. Conus? sp., 22 WAM OS. J99 x 3.0.(,'alcodea sp., 23 W AM 07.1] x 1.8.
232 T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
DescriptionShell of average size for genus; whorls slightly
rounded, tending to flatten anteriorly on largerspecimens. Sutures linear, slightly impressed, inparticular on early whorls, becoming shallowlyrecessed with growth; spire angle of 20°. Sculptureof 9-13 fine spiral lirae, becoming strongeranteriorly, about as wide as interspaces, someweakly granose where crossed by sinuate, colabralgrowth striae and increasing by intercalation;second spiral adapical to suture usually the mostprominent. Larger specimens develop up to 18spiral lirae per whorl.
15.8
Height20.8
retains either apex or intact
9
10
6.9
5.5
Max. diameter No. whorls7.1 7
Dimensions
WAM 07.4holotype
WAM 07.5aparatype
NMV P313972 24.6paratypeNone of the above
aperture.
RemarksIn form and sculpture, though not size, the
present species somewhat recalls Cerithium torresiE.A. Smith, 1884, an extant species, without knownfossil record, from the Indo-SW Pacific (Houbrick1992: 185-189, figures 135-137). Species somewhatresembling this taxon, are recorded under thegeneric name Ptyc1lOcerithium Sacco,1895, in theTertiary of Europe (Cossmann 1906). We followHoubrick (1992), who synonymisedPtychocerithium with Cerithium. C. wilya sp. novois one of the more common and characteristicspecies of the Kalbarri assemblage, inferior innumerical abundance only to a species of Zeacolpus(see below). Most specimens of both species arefragmentary and the apertures on most specimenshave been peeled away, possibly by crabs. Thisappears to be the first record of this tropicalsubtropical genus from the Eocene of Australia.
EtymologyThe specific name is from the indigenous Nhanda
vocabulary of the Lower Murchison district: wilya,a shell (Blevins 2001).
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Family TurritelIidae
Genus Zeacolpus Finlay, 1926
Zeacolpus bartoni sp. novoFigures 3.8,3.9,3.10,3.32
Material examined
HalotypeAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri; ca. 1 km W of JungaDam, surface float downslope and west of lowridge, map reference Kalbarri (1:100,000 series)397260, 14-17 October 2005, T.A. Darragh and C.W.Kendrick (WAM 07.4).
ParatypesAustralia: Western Australia: 2 specimens,
collected with holotype (WAM 07.5); 1 specimen(NMV P313972).
Other material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: all collected with
holotype: 30 specimens (WAM 04.213); 1 specimen(WAM 04.214); 198 specimens (WAM 04.215); 17specimens (WAM 05.186); 173 specimens (WAM07.6); 158 specimens (NMV P313973). Total of 577specimens.
RemarksZeacolpus bartoni is by far the most common
mollusc species recovered from the Kalbarri Eocenebut, despite this, no intact, undamaged specimen isknown. Apices have been retained on severalspecimens but no aperture has survived, probablyas a consequence of crab predation. Abrasion is afeature of early whorls where present.
Spiracolpus aldingae (Tate, 1882), the only otherlarge turritellid known from the Australian Eocene(Darragh 1985), has fewer lirae than the presentspecies, including a prominent, beaded lira at midwhorl. The genus Zeacolpus is well represented(Eocene-Recent) in New Zealand (Marwick 1971).Of the congenor species from there, Z. bartoni mostresembles the Late Eocene Z. lornensis (Marwick)but has more and finer lirae.
Eleven specimens (WAM 04.217, 05.188, 07.8,NMV P314040) in the study material are, for thepresent, distinguished from Zeacolpus bartonibecause of their flattened whorls and reduced spireangle (14°) (Figure 3.10). Though rather worn, thesculpture is similar to that of Z. bartoni, of whichthey may prove to be an extreme variant.
EtymologyThis species is named for Mr David Barton of
Kalbarri in recognition of his discovery of the fossilsand his generosity in presenting his collection tothe Western Australian Museum.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Eocene molluscs, Kalbarri 233
Family Siliquariidae
Genus Tenagodus Guettard, 1770
Tenagodus sp.Figures 2.11, 2.15
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 3 specimens(WAM 04.220); 5 specimen (WAM 05.191); 1specimen (WAM 07.9); 9 specimens (WAM 07.10); 9specimens (NMV P313974). Total of 27 specimens.
DescriptionShell tubular, loosely dextrally coiled, early
whorls somewhat planispiral, becoming irregularlytwisted; sculptured with irregular, close-set,longitudinal, weakly beaded ribs, crossed in placesby very fine commarginal growth striae.Longitudinal slit present with series of holes alonglength, often infilled with secondary silica.
Xenophora sp. cf. tatei Barris, 1897Figures 2.12, 2.13
Xellop]l(na (Tugurium) tatei Harris, 1897, p. 254,plate 7, figures 721, b.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 2 specimens(WAM 05.2(0).
DescriptionShell small, possibly juvenile, trochiform, wider
than high, whorls convex, few, enlarging rapidly,stepped and scalloped where not overlain byattached and other detritus; spire angle ca 90°;periphery extended, abraded; base concave,shallowly perforate, umbilical depression finelyradially striate within incised circumbilicalgroove.
Dimensions
Family Naticidae
Naticid, genus and species undeterminedFigures 2.4, 2.5
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene. Bremer Basin?: PallinupFormation, Late Eocene.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(W AM 04.219).
Max. diameter No. whorls16.7 5+
DescriptionShell small, probably juvenile, with aperture and
base obscured by IT\atrix. Low spired, globose,wider than high, with convexly rounded whorls,smooth apart from short, colabral, axial costellaebelow the suture.
RemarksOccurrences of species of Xenophora from the
Australian Eocene are very rare, none havingbeen recorded from the long-studiedassemblages of that age in Victoria and SouthAustralia. However the present species is verysimilar to a single specimen from the PallinupFormation at North Walpole, which bears a closeresemblance to the common Middle MioceneXellophora tatei. This material is to be thesubject of a future study.
11eightWAM 05.20021 10.0
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene. Bremer Basin?: PallinupFormation, Late Eocene.
DimensionsWAM 05.19121.
Maximum diameter is 3.5-4.4 mm.WAM 07.9.
Maximum diameter is 10.4 mm. Height 11 mm.Whorls 3.5.
Family Xenophoridae
Genus Xenophora Fischer, 1807
RemarksAll specimens in the study material are
fragmentary and some remain enclosed withinsponges, as all probably were in life. Very similar, ifnot identical, specimens of Tenagodus, oftenpreserved within sponges, are common in thePallinup Formation of North Walpole (Darragh andKendrick 1980, 20(0) and await detailed study. Thismaterial from Western Australia is very similar tospecimens of Tenagodus from the Early MioceneFreestone Cove Sandstone at Wynyard, Tasmania.T. OCC!tlSUS (Tenison Woods, 1877) from the latterlocality was stated not to have a punctured slit andit is unclear as to whether this was because of thepoor preservation of the type specimen or becauseof a valid difference from specimens commonlyoccurring there, which do have a series of holesalong the slit. Because the status of TenagodusoccJusus remains in need of clarification, we preferto utilise open nomenclature for the present species.
234 T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
Eocene molluscs, Kalbarri 235
RemarksWhat can be seen of this small specimen bears a
close resemblance to Friginatica aldingensis (Tate,1893) from the Late Eocene Blanche PointFormation (Ludbrook 1973, plate 25, figures 57, 58)and also common in the Pallinup Formation ofNorth Walpole (WAM collection).
DimensionsHeight
WAM04.219 3.3Max. diameter
4.1No. whorls
3.3
mor~ gradate spire, slightly stronger sculpture andmore widely channelled suture when comparedwith its only known Australian congenorEuspirocrommium effusa (Tate, 1893)-from theLate Eocene Blanche Point and Browns CreekFormations of the St Vincent and Otway Basinsrespectively. It somewhat resembles E. levesquei(d'Orbigny) from the Eocene of the Paris Basin.
Occurrence. Southern Camarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,Middle-Late Eocene..
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Genus Euspirocrommium Sacco, 1890
Euspirocrommium sp.Figure 2.16
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 05.185).
Family Cassidae
Genus Galeodea Link, 1807
Galeodea sp.Figure 2.23
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(poorly preserved) (WAM 07.11).
DescriptionSpire moderately elevated with convex, sub
gradate whorls; sculpture of numerous, mostlynarrow, spiral threads of variable width andspacing, with prominent axial plicae at a weak midwhorl shoulder; subordinate sculpture of very fine,close, axial striae between and overlying the spirals.Apex and aperture missing.
DescriptionSmall for genus, with elevated, gradate spire,
evenly and convexly rounded whorls and incised,channelled sutures; apex missing, spire angle of 60°.Base narrowly perforate with shallow umbilicus;aperture higher than wide, outer lip broken, as isnarrow extension of columella over part ofumbilicus. Whorls appear to be smooth but undermagnification, seen to bear very fine, crowdedcolabral and spiral micro-striae, extending to theumbilical area.
DimensionsHeight
WAM07.11 25Width
16No. whorls
4+
RemarksThis unique specimen from Kalbarri presents a
DimensionsHeight
WAM 05.185 16.3Max. diameter
11.5No. whorls
4.6+
RemarksFrom what remains, the specimen bears a close
resemblance to those of an undescribed speciesfrom the Late Eocene Browns Creek Formation andEarly Oligocene Glen Aire Clay of the Otway Basin(Museum Victoria collection).
..... Figure 3 Dentalium (Fissidentalium) mawsoni Ludbrook, 1 WAM 05.201a, fragment x 2.0; 2 WAM 05.201b, fragmentx 2.0. Gemmoliva adelaidae (Tate), 3 WAM 07.135 x 4. Mauidrillia sp. cf. M. aldingensis Powell, 4 WAM07.30 x 5.0. Notoseila sp., 5 WAM 04.216 x 1.8; 27 WAM 05.187 x 4.1. Marginella sp. A, 6 WAM 04.224 x 4.7.Marginella sp. B, 7 WAM 05.195 x 5.0. Zeacolpus bartoni sp. nov., 8 WAM 07.5 x 3.0, paratype; 9 WAM04.215 x 7.7, paratype; 32 WAM 07.4 x 3.0, holotype, Zeacolpus sp. 10 WAM 07.8 x 3.0. Brocchitas? sp., 11WAM 07.15 x 5.5. Gracilispira sp. cf. G.ligata (Tate), 12 WAM 07.22 x 4.0. Notovoluta capitonica Darragh, 13WAM 05.198 x 2.6. Cochlespira sp., 14 WAM 07.23 x 5.0. Cerithiella sp., 15 WAM 05.190 x 4.8. Notopeplumprotorhysum (Tate), WAM 05.193 x 3.0; 16 x 3.0, 17 x 2.0. Gemmula? sp., 18, 19 WAM 06.191 x 3.0.Parasyngenochilus sp. cf. P. angustior Long, 20 WAM 07.24 x 5.0. Conorbis sp., 21, 22 WAM 07.29 x 3.0.Cirsotrema sp. aff. C. pleiophylla (Tate), 23 WAM 04.221 x 4.0. Mitrid sp. A, 24 WAM 05.194 x 5.7.Margineulima? sp., 25 WAM 07.134 x 7.0. Mitrid sp. B, 26 WAM 07.28 x 1.5. Cerithium wilya sp. nov., 28WAM 04.218a x 4.0, paratype; 29, 30 WAM 07.1 x 4.5, holotype; 31 WAM 07.2 x 3.9, paratype.
236 T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Family Cerithiopsidae
Genus Notoseila Finlay, 1926
Notoseila sp.Figures 3.5, 3.27
small tubercles at the intersection with the spirals.Base with one thin spiral below plane of suturalattachment, within which are about eight, faint,close radial costellae. Siphonal canal twisted. Apexand most of aperture missing.
DimensionsHeight Max.diameter
WAM 05.190 10.2 3.2This, the figured specimen, retains five whorls.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 04.216); 2 specimens (WAM 05.187). Total ofthree specimens, all fragmentary.
RemarksNo specimen known from the Pallinup
Formation, Bremer Basin, resembles this species,which may be new.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 04.221).
Cirsotrema sp. aft. pleiophylla (Tate, 1890)
Scalaria (Cirsotrema) pleiophylla Tate, 1890: 231;Tate, 1892, plate 12, figure 1.
Figure 3.23
Family Epitoniidae
Genus Cirsotrema Morch, 1852
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Max. diameter3.37.2
DimensionsHeight
WAM 04.216 8.8WAM 05.187 16.2
All specimens are fragmentary.
DescriptionSpire whorls flat. Sculpture of spirallirae, number
increasing by intercalation with growth; earlywhorls with four broad lirae, some crenulated; atdiameter of three mm, two lirae adjacent to suturesare widest, others (two) narrower, ribbon-like; atdiameter six mm, lirae adjacent sutures are widest,others (four) narrower. Aperture with one strongcolumellar plait, otherwise not retained; apexmissing.
RemarksMeaningful comparison with other taxa awaits
the collection of better preserved specimens fromKalbarri.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Genus Cerithiella Verrill, 1882
DescriptionShell of normal size for genus with 17 lamellate,
frilled, axial costae on last whorl and about ninevery fine, intercostal spirals on the spire whorls andabout 12+ on the last whorl. Base with a spiral rib atthe plane of sutural attachment; aperture subcircular, slightly higher than wide; columellaexpanded, merging with a low, weak, spiral rib.Apical whorls missing.
Cerithiella sp.Figure 3.15
DimensionsHeight
WAM 04.221 14.1Max. diameter No. whorls
5.5 8+Material examined
Australia: Western Australia: Kalbarri NationalPark, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 2 specimens(WAM 04.219); 1 specimen (WAM 05.190); 1specimen (NMV P313975). Total of four specimens.
DescriptionAll specimens are fragmentary. Sculpture
comprises three prominent, well spaced spirallirae,crossed by about 27 thin axial costae, which form
RemarksIntercostal sculpture on the single specimen to
hand is partly obscured so that counts of the spirallirae are approximate only. It is similar to specimensof Cirsotrema pleiophylla from the Late EoceneBlanche Point Formation (St Vincent Basin) andBrowns Creek Clay (Otway Basin) but seems tohave more numerous and finer lirae and slightlyfewer costae per whorl. At the time of writing, no
Eocene molluscs, Kalbarri
congenor species is known from the PallinupFormation (Bremer Basin).
OccurenceSouthern C'l-rnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
237
indicates a shell of possible turbinellid form withlow, flattened spire, angulate shoulder andextended, tapering last whorl; aperture narrow, thecolumella bearing (from moulds) two strong plaitson anterior half; base possibly narrowlyimperforate.
Dimensions
RemarksDespite its conoid shape, a location for this
unique specimen in the family Conidae seems mostunlikely, due to the apparent presence of twocolumellar plaits. A tudicline or vasinine affinityfor the species seems likely, subject to the collectionof further specimens. Neither of these subfamilies ispresently known from the Australian Eocene.
Family Eulimidae
Genus Margineulima Cossmann, 1888
Margineulima?sp.Figure 3.25
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 07.134).
HeightWAM 07.133 39.5
Max. diameter No. whorls43.6 4.5+
DescriptionThe specimen retains less than three whorls,
which are flat and probably smooth; baseimperforate; aperture poorly preserved, columellaslightly curved with a small reflexed callus.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Family Turbinellidae
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
RemarksThis poorly preserved, single specimen does little
more than establish the presence of the family inthe study material.
Confirmation of its generic identity awaits thecollection of better preserved specimens. It differsfrom the widely distributed (geographical andstratigraphical) Margineulima danae (TenisonWoods, 1879) from southern Australia in itsnarrower spire angle and imperforate base.
DimensionsHeight
WAM 07.134 6.9Max. diameter No. whorls
3.0 <3
Family Muricidae
Genus Murexsul Iredale, 1915
Murexsul sp.Figures 2.7, 2.8
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: One completespecimen and one fragment (WAM 07.13); 1specimen (NMV P313976). Total of three specimens.
DescriptionSmall for genus, fusiform, spire equal to half
height. Protoconch large, rounded, smooth, of about1.5 whorls. Spire whorls convex, gradate, bearingbroad axial costae, six on last whorl, seven onpenultimate whorl; costae overlain with scaledspiral lirae, 12 on last whorl and five onpenultimate whorl; scales present where liraecrossed by prominent growth lines. Outer lipbroken; canal short, strongly twisted.
RemarksThe species bears some resemblance to Murexsul
prionotus (Tate, 1888) from the Late Eocene BlanchePoint Formation (St Vincent Basin) but lacks thefoliaceus costae of that species. A congenor,somewhat similar but possibly of a distinct species,
Turbinellid, genus and species undeterminedFigures 2.17, 2.18
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 07.133).
DescriptionThe single specimen to hand is a much weathered,
internal mould, retaining a few shell remnants. It
DimensionsHeight
WAM 07.13a 13.3Max. diameter No. whorls
7.6 5.5
238 T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
occurs in the Pallinup Formation at North Walpole(WAM collection).
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 3 specimens(WAM 04.222); 1 specimen (WAM 04.223); 1specimen (WAM 05.192); 4 specimens (WAM07.14); 3 specimens (NMV P313977). Total of 12specimens.
Genus Brocchitas Finlay, 1927
Brocchitas? sp.Figure 3.11
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 07.15).
Description. Size average for genus, fusiform with strongly
convex whorls. Protoconch of two smooth whorls,the first deviated from shell axis. Axial sculpture ofprominent, broad costae, six to eight on last whorl,crossed by 18-20 fine, spirallirae (last whorl). Innerlip finely lirate.
OccurrenceLate Eocene of Otway Basin, St Vincent Basin
(type), Bremer Basin: Pallinup Formation.Southern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,Middle-Late Eocene.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 04.225); 3 specimens (WAM 05.197); 1specimen (WAM 07.16); 8 specimens (WAM 07.17);8 specimens (NMV P313986). Total of 21 specimens,mostly fragmentary.
RemarksAll specimens in the study material are broken,
either apically or at the aperture or both but takentogether they agree in morphology with topotypesof Dennantia aldingensis. The species is notuncommon in the Pallinup Formation at NorthWalpole and elsewhere (WAM Collection).Specimen WAM 05.192 has what appears to be acircular, naticiform?, borehole on the last whorl(Figure 2.10).
Family Volutidae
Genus Alcithoe H. and A. Adams, 1853
Subgenus Waihaoia Marwick, 1926
Alcithoe (Waihaoia) pagodoides (Tate, 1888)Figure 2.21
Voluta pagodoides Tate, 1888: 176, plate 13, figure7; Tate, 1889: 132.
Alcithoe (Waihaoia) pagodoides (Tate): Darragh1989: 239, plate 12, figures 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 17.
Max. diameter No. whorls9.4 6+13.3 5+
Height16.014.1
Dimensions
WAM04.222WAM05.192
Dennantia aldingensis (Tate, 1888)Figures 2.9, 2.10
Peristernia aldingensis Tate, 1888: 156, plate 8,figure 8a-b.
Family Fasciolariidae
Genus Dennantia Tate, 1888
DimensionsHeight Max. diameter No. whorls
WAM 07.15 7.4 2.7* ca 5*probably larger on intact aperture
DescriptionShell small, probably less than fully mature,
fusiform. Protoconch acute, smooth, of about 1.5whorls. Teleoconch of three whorls with prominentaxial costae, about ten per whorl and 20 spiralliraeon last whorl; canal long, slightly twisted. Aperturebroken.
RemarksThe genus Brocchitas has been recorded hitherto
only from the Middle Miocene of South Australiaand Victoria (Tate, 1888, and Museum VictoriaCollection) and the specimen from Kalbarri, whichis less than well-preserved is referred to that genuswith some reservations. Compared with B. exilis(Tate, 1888), type species of Brocchitas, the presentspecies has a smaller, more acute protoconch, moreaxial costae and more spirallirae on the last whorl.An ancestral relationship to B. exilis seems possible,to be clarified from the collection of furthermaterial.
No comparable specimen is known from thePallinup Formation, Bremer Basin.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Eocene molluscs, Kalbarri 239
RemarksThough compnsmg only the protoconch and
several early whorls of the teleoconch, sufficientcharacters remain on this specimen to makecomparison with topotypes of Notovolutacapitonic::a, which it matches very closely.
DescriptionShell of less than mature size, fusiform, with
turreted, gradate spire; anterior fifth missing.Protoconch smooth, of two whorls, aligned withshell axis; first teleoconch whorl with ca 12 axialcostellae and thin, spiral lirae; axials subsequentlyform sharp tubercles on angulate shoulders ofwhorls; tubercles number eight on last whorl;spirals weaken with growth, absent after ca 6.5whorls. Columella with four strong plaits and oneweaker, posterior plait.
DimensionsHeight
WAM 05.198 13.0Max. diameter No. whorls
6.5 5 %
DimensionsHeight
WAM 07.16 28.0* aperture broken
Max. diameter No. whorls15.5* 7
OccurrenceOtway Basin: Browns Creek Formation (type). St
Vincent Basin: Blanche Point Formation. LateEocene. Southern Carnarvon Basin: unnamedsandstone, Middle-Late Eocene.
RemarksAlcithoe (Waihaoia) pagodoides is extremely
variable in morphology, both geographically andstratigraphically (Darragh 1989), the presentspecimens from Kalbarri being of comparativelysquat form, compared with those from the easternextremity of its range, i.e., Victoria.
OccurrenceOtway Basin: Browns Creek Formation. St
Vincent Basin: Blanche Point Formation (type).Bremer Basin: Pallinup Formation. SouthCamarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone, Middle-LateEocene. Late Eocene - Late Oligocene.
Genus Notovoluta Cotton, 1946
Notovoluta capitonica Darragh, 1989Figure 3.13
Notovoluta capitonica Darragh, 1989: 218, plate 3,figures 8, 11, 12, 15; plate 27, figures 1, 4.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 05.198).
DescriptionSpecimen comprises the adapical part of a
probable juvenile or immature shell. Protoconchturbinate, of about three convex whorls, slightlywider than first teleoconch whorl. About 2%slender teleoconch whorls, gradually forming lowaxial costae, on which weak plicae develop at alittle above mid-whorl; spire profile almoststraight; by fourth whorl, fine, close, spiral liraeextend between sutures, passing over axial costaeand plicae. Four columella plaits present. Aperturemissing.
Genus Notopeplum Finlay, 1927
Notopeplum protorhysum (Tate, 1889)Figures 3.16, 3.17
Voluta protorhysa Tate, 1889: 126, plate 2, figures6a, b.
Notopeplum protorhysum (Tate): Darragh 1989:256, 257, plate 25, figures 7, 10, 11, figure 31.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 05.193).
DescriptionShell small, immature, without last whorl and
anterior extremity as if from crab peeling.Protoconch worn; first teleoconch whorl bearsnumerous, fine, close, axial costellae, persisting andbecoming spaced on subsequent three whorls, thenfading. Columella with four strong and one thinplaits, with several faint spirals, fading adapically.
DimensionsHeight Max. diameter No. whorls
WAM 05.193 25.4 8.3 ca 6All dimensions are less than the original
RemarksThe single specimen is very close in morphology
to Tate's figured specimen from the Kent TownBore, Adelaide.
OccurrenceOtway Basin: Browns Creek Formation. St
Vincent Basin: Blanche Point Formation (type).Bremer Basin: Pallinup Formation. SouthernCamarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone. Middle-LateEocene.
240
Genus Lyria Gray, 1847
Lyria lamellatoplicata sp. novoFigures 2.19, 2.20
T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
known from the Eocene strata of southeasternAustralia but an undescribed congenor is presentin the Pallinup Formation of the Bremer Basin(WAM Collection).
Material examined
HolotypeAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri; ca. 1 km W of JungaDam, surface float downslope and west of lowridge, map reference Kalbarri (1:100,000 series)397260,14-17 October 2005, T.A. Darragh and G.W.Kendrick (WAM 07.18).
EtymologyThe specific name is from the Latin lamellata, and
plica, a fold, referring to the lamella-like costae.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 07.135).
Family Olividae
Genus Gemmoliva Iredale, 1924
Gemmoliva sp. cf. G. adelaidae (Tate, 1889)Figure 3.3
Oliva adelaidae Tate, 1889: 145, plate 8, figure 6.
DescriptionShell small, of average size for species, spire and
aperture partly obscured by matrix. Spire whorlsflattened, sutures narrowly channelled, spire halftotal height, spire angle 30°, narrowly elongate;columella with three strong plaits set on callus; lastwhorl with anteriorly located spiral band borderedby narrow, incised lines, which extend onto parietalarea as two narrow, spaced threads. Apex rounded,smooth.
ParatypesAustralia: Western Australia: 1 specimen, col
lected with holotype (WAM 07.19); 1 specimen, collected with holotype (NMV P313987).
Other material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: all collected with
holotype: 1 specimen (WAM 05.196); 3 specimens(WAM 07.20); 4 specimens (NMV P313988). Totalof 11 specimens.
DescriptionShell small for the genus, possibly immature.
Protoconch of 1.5 whorls, the first deviated about45° from shell axis. Teleoconch of about fivegradate whorls with high, narrow whorl shoulder.Axial sculpture of thin, sharp, almost plate-likecostae extending from suture to suture, 14 onpenultimate whorl, 11 on last whorl, interspacesmuch wider than costae. Spiral sculpture ofnumerous, weak threads extending over allteleoconch whorls. Aperture narrow, elongate,outer lip thickened; columella with two to fivestrong plaits with occasionally one or two weakerplaits present.
Dimensions
DimensionsHeight
WAM 07.135 10.9Max. diameter No. whorls
3.6 6
RemarksThe species bears no close resemblance to any
other known congenor from Australia. It bears asuperficial similarity to Lyria branderi (Deshayes,1835) from the Eocene of the Paris Basin butdiffers in that the costae of the last whorl aremuch more widely spaced and much narrowerthan on the latter. No species of Lyria is as yet
Max. diameter No. whorls9.8 6
18.8
Height19.9
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Genus Gracilispira Olson, 1956
Gracilispira sp. cf. G. ligata (Tate, 1889)Figure 3.12
Andllaria ligata Tate, 1889: 147, plate 7, figure 6.
RemarksThe single specimen from Kalbarri is more
elongate and has a more narrowly channelledsuture than those of Gemmoliva adelaidae from theBrowns Creek and Blanche Point Formations.
5
3.5+9.4
8.2
WAM07.18holotype
WAM07.19paratype
NMV P313987 18.2paratypeAll specimens are broken
Eocene molluscs, Kalbarri 241
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 07.22).
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
DescriptionShell small for species, immature. Spire flattened,
equal to half total height, sutures weakly apparent;apex bluntly rounded. Columella with four closeplaits; broad spiral band at anterior extremity entersaperture adapical to plaits.
Genus Parasyngenochilus Long, 1981
Parasyngenochilus sp. cf. P. angustior Long, 1981Figure 3.20
Parasyngenochilus angustior Long, 1981: 50, plate7, figure.17.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 07.23).
RemarksThe single specimen is close to Tate's species but
is more tumid than others of similar size from theBlanche Point (type) and Browns Creek Formations.
Family Turridae
Genus Cochlespira Conrad, 1865
Cochlespira sp.Figure 3.14
RemarksThe figured specimen is well-preserved apart
from a broken anterior canal and infilledaperture; the second specimen to hand, though ofinferior preservation, attains a height of 12.5 mm.Of the species of Parasyngenochilus recordedfrom the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene of theOtway and St Vincent Basins, the present species,most resembles. P. angustior, differing in its moreill-defined shoulder and fewer, more regular andmore evenly spaced lirae. The genus also occursin the Late Eocene to Late Oligocene of NewZealand (Long, 1981: 50). No congenor is as yetknown from the Pallinup Formation, BremerBasin.
Height Max. diameter No. whorlsWAM 07.24 9.3 3.4 5
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Dimensions
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 07.24); 1 specimen (NMV P313989). Total oftwo specimens.
DescriptionShell elongate-fusiform with blunt apex.
Protoconch smooth, paucispiral, of about 1.5whorls. First teleoconch whorl with fine, close,axial costellae, subsequently becoming morespaced and overlain by fine, close spiral lirae,extending from suture to suture and continuousover axials; one stronger, composite spiralformed anterior of suture and is bordered by ashallow spiral depression; last whorl with 18low axial costae of unequal strength andspacing, some composite; spirallirae continuousover last whorl and extending onto anteriorcanal, tip of which is broken. Columella slightlycallused with several faint, ascending spirallirae.
Max. diameter No. whorls5.5 ca 7
Max. diameter No. whorls3.7 6
Height10.3
Height9.5
Dimensions
WAM07.23
Dimensions
WAM07.22
DescriptionShell fusiform with strongly gradate spire, whorls
channelled below sutures and with a strongperipheral rim, bearing low, subspinose plicae,numbering ca 20 on last whorl. Aperture concealed bymatrix, anterior canal broken, remnant with six close,spiral lirae; several weak spirals on parietal area oflast whorl. Protoconch smooth, worn, of 1+ whorls,first teleoconch whorl with fine, close axial costellae.
RemarksThe single Kalbarri specimen is slightly larger
than those of Cochlespira semiplana (Powell, 1944)from the Browns Creek and Blanche Point (type)Formations. It is also more gradate and lacks theprominent lira present on the last whorl of the latterspecies.
242
Genus Gemmula Weinkauff, 1876
Gemmula? sp.Figures 3.18, 3.19
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 06.191); 1 fragmentary specimen (NMVP314038). Total of two specimens.
Description .Shell somewhat worn, acuminate-fusiform, spire
ca two thirds total height. Protoconch of ca 1.5whorls, slighly deviated; teleoconch whorls spirallylirate throughout with a weakly gemmulateperipheral keel at about mid-whorl; between keeland adapical suture are one relatively prominentand three or four very fine spiral lirae; anterior ofkeel are two relatively prominent lirae on spirewhorls and three on last whorl, with additionalvery fine lirae between them; fine spirals continueacross base and onto anterior canal, the extremity ofwhich is missing. Outer lip of aperture broken, withremnant of posterior canal present.
DimensionsHeight Max. diameter No. whorls
WAM 06.191 16.5* 6.1 ca 8*anterior canal broken
RemarksNo congenor similar to this specimen from
Kalbarri is known from the Eocene of southernAustralia. The species has some resemblance tosome Recent Indo-Southwest Pacific species ofGemmula such as G. speciosa (Reeve, 1833) and G.kieneri (Doumet, 1840).
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Genus Mauidrillia Powell, 1942
Mauidrillia sp. cf. M. aldingensis Powell, 1944Figure 3.4
Mauidrillia aldingensis Powell, 1944: 36, plate 4,figure 6.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 07.30).
T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
1.5 whorls, slightly deviated; first teleoconch whorlwith close, axial costellae, gradually becomingspaced to form low, rounded, axial costae ofunequal prominence and confined to abapicalportion of whorl; aperture with stronger varix;axials overlain by fine spiral lirae, ca 10 onpenultimate whorl and extending (last whorl) ontoanterior canal; a weak, subsutural spiral presentbetween costae and adapical suture; aperturebroken, columella smooth with weak parietalcallosity; tip of anterior canal broken.
DimensionsHeight Max. diameter No. whorls
WAM 07.30 7.4 3.1 6.3
RemarksThe single specimen in the study material has
somewhat more tumid whorls and a more elongatecanal, compared with topotypes of Mauidrilliaaldingensis from the Blanche Point Formation of theSt Vincent Basin. No congenor is as yet known fromthe Pallinup Formation of the Bremer Basin.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Family Marginellidae
Genus Marginella Lamarck, 1799
RemarksThe few specimens of this family and genus and
their inferior preservation inhibit detailedcomparison with taxa from other Australian Eocenesources, except to observe that somewhat similarspecimens, all awaiting study, have been collectedfrom the Pallinup Formation, Bremer Basin.
Marginella sp. AFigure 3.6
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 04.224); 1 specimen (WAM 07.136); 1specimen (NMV P314039). Total of three specimens.
DescriptionShell biconic, spire elevated, tapered anteriorly;
four strong, oblique, columellar plaits. Apertureand much of last whorl missing.
DescriptionShell small, fusiform with convex, weakly
shouldered whorls; protoconch domed, smooth, of
Dimensions
WAM04.224Height
6.6Max. diameter
2.7
Eocene molluscs, Kalbarri
RemarksSpecimen WAM 07.136 has four oblique,
columellar plaits and a small, fifth horizontal plait.This species is rather more ventricose thanMarginella sp. B.
243
First teleoconch whorl convex, smooth, developingweak, low; axial costellae and subsequently fine,close, spiral threads extending from suture tosuture; axials remain low, weak, of irregularstrength and spacing; columella with four strongspiral plaits, ascending within.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
RemarksWhat remains of this otherwise well-preserved
specimen suggests a superficial resemblance tospecies of the genus Eumitra Tate, 1889. There areno known taxa elsewhere in the Australian Eocenesimilar to the present species. Differs from theassociated Mitrid sp. B in its narrower spire,sculptured whorls and stronger plaits.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed silicified
sandstone, Middle-Late Eocene.
Marginella sp. BFigure 3.7
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 05.195).
DescriptionShell subcylindrical with short spire and bluntly
rounded apex; two strong, anteriorly located,oblique columellar plaits; inner lip (aperture) finelydenticulate.
Dimensions
DimensionsHeight Max. diameter
WAM 05.194 9.8 6.1. Specimen fragmentary
No. whorls6
WAM05.195Height
5.7Max. diameter
2.3Mitrid, sp. BFigure 3.26
RemarksThis species is relatively elongate and
subcylindrical compared with Marginella sp. A.
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 07.28).
RemarksDiffers from the associated Mitrid sp. A in its
greater diameter relative to height, absence ofsculpture and weak, spaced columellar plaits. Thereis no taxon at present known similar to this fromthe Australian Eocene.
DescriptionShell missing apical portion and apertural part of
last whorl, including anterior canal; partiallyencrusted with secondary silica. Spire about equalto half height, whorls slightly convex and slightlystepped at suture, without evident axial or spiralsculpture; columella with four weak, spaced, low,rounded plaits, callosity low, weak.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
Family Mitridae
RemarksNo generic assignment is attempted for two
species of this family represented in the studymaterial, pending the collection of furtherspecimens.
Mitrid, sp. AFigure 3.24
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 fragmentaryspecimen (WAM 05.194).
DimensionsHeight
WAM 07.28 36.3Specimen broken
Max. diameter13.3
DescriptionA fragmentary shell of mitrid form, retaining the
apical five whorls and part of the sixth. Protoconchlarge, paucispiral, of 1.1 whorls, the tip immersed.
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
244 T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
OccurrenceSouthern Camarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
RemarksSpecies of Conorbis are known from the Late
Eocene of Victoria and South Australia (Long,1981). The present specimen, though poorlypreserved, is unlike .these, having a slightlyattenuated canal and a slight shoulder to thewhorls. No congener is as yet known from thePallinup Formation.
Family Conidae
Genus Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Conus? sp.Figure 2.22
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 05.199).
DescriptionInternal mould of a low-spired, biconic shell
retaining a few shell remnants of last whorl, partlyoverlain by secondary silica; columella smooth;apparent low spiral sculpture visible on last whorlthrough silica overlay.
DimensionsHeight
WAM 07.29 18.5Specimen broken
Max. diameter No. whorls8.1 3+
OccurrenceSouthern Carnarvon Basin: unnamed sandstone,
Middle-Late Eocene.
RemarksGeneric identity of this specimen derives from the
biconic shape of the internal mould and the absenceof any trace of columellar plaits. An unidentifiedspecies of Conus, currently awaiting study, hasbeen collected from the Pallinup Formation (BremerBasin). Its relationship to the present species isunclear. No species of Conus is known from theEocene of southeastern Australia.
Dimensions
WAM05.199Height
16.4Max. diameter
12.0
ACKNO~EDGEMENTS
We are grateful to Mr David Barton of Kalbarrifor presentation of his fossil collection to theWestern Australian Museum. Mrs J. Bevan, Curatorof the Geological Museum, School of Earth andGeographical Sciences, The University of WesternAustralia, kindly loaned specimens. Mrs L.M.Marsh, Western Australian Museum, providedadvice regarding coral identifications and ecology.Mr David Holloway and Mr Rolf Schmidt, MuseumVictoria, provided advice on preparing theillustrations. Dr Alan Beu and Associate ProfessorDavid Haig suggested useful emendations to theoriginal manuscript. Dr John Long facilitated TAD'svisit to Western Australia. Support from theWestern Australian Department of Environmentand Conservation is acknowledged withappreciation. Ms G. Harsa prepared the typescript.
Genus Conorbis Swainson, 1840
Conorbis sp.Figures 3.21, 3.22
Material examinedAustralia: Western Australia: Kalbarri National
Park, ca. 19.5 km ESE. of Kalbarri: 1 specimen(WAM 07.29).
DescriptionShell of medium size for genus, lacking apical
and anterior extremities and apertural outer lip.Biconic, whorls slightly convex, weaklyshouldered at mid-whorl and slightly recessedsutures; anterior canal (broken) probably a littleattenuated. Sculpture fine, spiral only,concentrated below sutures; on last whorl, mostlyon anterior half, continuous onto canal and acrosscolumella and parietal area. Aperture elongate,outer lip broken.
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Manuscript accepted 5 October 2007.
T.A. Darragh and G.W. Kendrick
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