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SILENTLY…
1. Copy this week’s assignments in your agenda
2. Get out 1 sheet of paper for notes
The Southern Colonies
• Why does England want colonies in America?
• What do you think they hope to gain?
• 1st colony: Virginia
Jamestown?
• 1st permanent English settlement (1607)
• Established by 105 men & boys sent by the London Company
(joint-stock company)
Problems facing Jamestown?
• No survival skills (farming, carpentry)
• Disease-carrying mosquitoes
• Conflicts with Natives• Hunger• 2/3 of original
colonists died by 1st winter
John Smith
• Takes over Jamestown in 1608
• Forces people to work harder
• Makes peace with Powhatan tribe
• Success is short-lived….
Tobacco
• Saves Jamestown
• Major cash crop
• New blend developed by John Rolfe-married Pocahontas
Importance of 1619
1. First slaves arrive in VA
2. House of Burgesses
3. Elected assembly
4. First republican gov’t in colonies
Economy?
• Depends on AGRICULTURE
• Tobacco, rice, indigo are grown on plantations
leads to reliance on Slave Labor
Bacon’s Rebellion
• Small farmers (led by Nathanial Bacon) opposed to taxes and policies towards NA
want to take Indian’s land
• Controlled and burned Jamestown but rebellion ended after Bacon died
Guided Reading Questions
Sec. 1 & 3
Southern and Middle Colonies
1. List the remaining southern colonies.
• Maryland• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia
2. Why did Cecilius Calvert establish the colony of Maryland?
• As a safe-haven for English Catholics
3. Why was the Religious Toleration Act of 1649 important?
• 1st law in support of religious freedom in the colonies
4. Who were the Lord Proprietors of the Carolina Colony?
• 8 of King Charles II supporters
• Became known as the Lords Proprietors
5. Why did the Carolina colony split into North and South Carolina?
• Settlements were far
apart, making it hard to govern
• Conflicts with Natives and Pirates
6. Why did James Oglethorpe found Georgia?
• Place for debtors to get fresh start
• Goal: small farms, slavery illegal
7. List the Middle Colonies (4 )
• New York• New Jersey• Pennsylvania• Delaware
8. How do New York and New Jersey become English colonies?
• The English took it from the Dutch
DUKE OF YORK
9. Who are Quakers?
• Religious group• Supported
nonviolence and equality of men & women
10. How did William Penn’s beliefs influence
the government in Pennsylvania? • He had limited power• Elected assembly• Religious freedom to
all Christians
11. How was the economy of the Middle Colonies similar to that of the Southern
colonies? How was it different?
• Both relied on farming
• South—cash crops on plantations
• Middle—staple crops like wheat & oats on farms
• Did not use as many slaves as the South but more than the New England colonies
12. How were indentured servants different from slaves?
• They were eventually given their freedom after a certain number of years.
• Slaves are slaves for life.
The New England Colonies
Sec. 2
New England Colonies
• Massachusetts• Connecticut• Rhode Island• New Hampshire
Puritans & Pilgrims
• Puritans—want to change Anglican Church (Church of England)
• Pilgrims—want to SEPARATE (and form new) from the Anglican Church
Pilgrims on the Move
• Pilgrims move to Holland and then…
• Sail to America on the Mayflower in 1620
• Land on Cape Cod & form Plymouth colony
Mayflower Compact
• 41 male passengers sign
• Agree to make laws for general good
Pilgrims & Native Americans?
• Friendly with Wampanoag tribe
• Squanto teaches them to farm
• 1st Thanksgiving
Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Founded by Puritans under John Winthrop
• Goal: Create ideal Christian community
• Includes Plymouth colony
Role of Religion?
• Closely linked to gov’t
• Religious leaders had LOTS of power
• Only male church members were allowed to vote
• Very INTOLERANT of differences!
• Led to new colonies
• Connecticut—founded by Thomas Hooker• Rhode Island— founded by Roger Williams• Anne Hutchison—critic of Puritan leaders• Salem Witch Trials
Economy?
• NO staple crops because of harsh climate and poor soil
• Economy based on TRADE
• FISHING and SHIPBUILDING were leading industries
• They also had lots of skilled craftsmen such as blacksmiths, weavers, and printing press workers
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