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Christopher C. Bernido and M. Victoria Carpio-Bernido
Research Center for Theoretical Physics
Central Visayan Institute Foundation
Jagna, Bohol, Philippines
and
Physics Department, University of San Carlos, Cebu City
and
Physics Department, MUS-Iligan Institute of Technology
5 July 2017 Civil Service Commission
Shaping Change in Education:
Challenges and Successes
OUTLINE
I. Motivation: Purposive Change
II. Toughest Challenge: Changing
Mindsets in Education
III. Some Successes
IV. Sustaining Success: Shaping Young
Minds
Why purposive change?
National Wealth Generation:Proper training and education can uplift
the lives of the people.
Creative
minds
training
discipline
stamina
Advances
in
Science
and
technology
Better
products,
services,
health,
quality of life
Levels of Quality Standards
International
National
Community
Family
Grabe ang
kahirapan
ng buhay
Ang mayayaman
Ang mabuti-buti
ang kalagayan
Ang
nahihirapan
The gap between
the rich and
the poor
Millions of Filipinos still suffer
from
• Poor health and medical services
• Low quality basic, collegiate and graduate education
• Primitive and unsafe public transport such as overloaded jeepneys and tricycles
There is a crying need for
NEW approaches to chronic
and unsolved problems
hindering the progress of our
country.
If we wish to build a solidfuture, we must be aware ofpresent realities in theirbarest form.
We must see throughperipherals and focus onessentials.
An average child in any part of the
country – in Luzon, Visayas or
Mindanao – performing at least as well
as an average German, Finnish,
Singaporean, Japanese or Chinese
child in Math, Sciences, and the
Humanities, in spite of lack of
resources.
7/25/2017 MVCBernido NAST 2016 10
Global quality goals for learners
What should we change?
Mindset
Beliefs
Values
Misconceptions
Unquestioned dogma
Etc.
Development
programs
We must coordinate and mobilize our vast
human and material resources to break
the barrier of underdevelopment.
Dependence
on grants
and loans
Changing Mindsets in Basic Education:
The CVIF Dynamic Learning Program
CVIF Program Design Requirements
• large-scale enough for public school
systems, but individualized enough for
each student in any school
• has best evidence-based features, for
curriculum and didactics
• So low in cost that effective
implementation is possible for any nation.
Ford's Model T: iconic disruptive
showcase
Key: Process Efficiency
"1908 Ford Model T" by User Rmhermen on en.wikipedia
(1908 Ford Model T ad from Oct. 1, 1908 Life magazine).
Licensed under Public Domain via Commons -
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ 15
Not just archival research
nor political rhetoric
nor technical consultants’ advice
but real world,
real classroom approach
with solutions from first principles.
The CVIF Dynamic Learning Programas a Systems Approach to Process-induced Learning
• has been applied at the Elementary,
Secondary, and Tertiary levels.
Carpio-Bernido, M. V., Bernido, C. C. (2011) CVIF Dynamic
Learning Program: A Systems Approach to Process-Induced
Learning. In Proc. of the epiSTEME 4 (Mumbai:HBCSE).
Learner
Disposition
CVIF-DLP targets Learner Disposition
Which are non-negotiable?
Non-negotiable Features of DLP =
Strategic teacher intervention
To allow students to explore on their own,
parallel classes automatically limit teacher
intervention to only 20 % to 30 % of the
period.
Section 1
Expert Teacher
Section 2
Facilitator
Section 3
Facilitator
Parallel Classes
The CVIF Dynamic Learning Program addresses:
Learner
Disposition: Habit-forming
Daily Protocol
where students
are engaged.
Lack of Qualified
Teachers: Students do learning
activities 70-80% of
the time.
Large
Classes:Activities are
individualized
20
Performance Scores in Standardized Tests 0
Majority
of students
Number
of
Students
Baseline2001
0Performance Scores in Standardized Tests
Number
of
Students
2006
Performance Scores in Standardized Tests
Majority
of students
0
Number
of
Students
2009
NSAT/ NCAE
Carpio-Bernido and Bernido, 2nd CVIF-DLP Workshop, 2011, Philippines21
National Licensure Examination for
Teachers (LET)
7/25/2017MVCBernido NAST 2016
22
• 7th Place, March 2016 :
Vincent D. Cuarteros (CVIF Batch 2010)
• 4th Place, September 2016 :
Ma. Herna S. Macas (CVIF Batch 2012)
International Benchmarking
SAT math scores of marker student
within cut-off of good American
universities
Carpio-Bernido and Bernido, 2nd CVIF-DLP
Workshop, 2011, Philippines23
Jesha Caseñas (CVIF 2005) graduated B.S.
Anthropology from University of California
(UC), Berkeley.
CVIF Alumni
Note: 22 Nobel Prizes have been awarded to UC
Berkeley faculty.
Ronald Lloren (CVIF 2005): doing his Ph.D.
(Marine Science) at ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal
Institute) .
ETH Zurich is number one in the world in Earth
and Marine Sciences, above Harvard and MIT
(2016 QS World Ranking of Universities by
discipline).
ETH is where Einstein studied and taught. “21
Nobel Prizes have been awarded to researchers
who have or have had an association with ETH
Zurich."
CVIF Alumni
Madelynn Nayga (CVIF 2009) to pursue her
Ph.D. (Physics) studies as researcher at Max
Planck Institute (MPI) in Dresden, Germany. She
is in a joint program between MPI and University
of Dresden. To enter a Max Planck Institute
program is highly competitive.
CVIF Alumni
Department of Education (Province of Bohol) (162 Public High Schools)
54.00%
56.00%
58.00%
60.00%
62.00%
64.00%
66.00%
2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014
57.58%58.62%
64.35%
Nat ional
Achievement Test
Resul ts
Impact of CVIF-DLP in Bohol, Philippines
Failure
Rate
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
2011-2012
2012-2013
2013-2014
5.70%
3.73%
2.13%
27
Department of Education (Basilan, Mindanao)
19 Secondary Schools
Impact of CVIF-DLP in Basilan, Philippines
28
Partners:
Local Government Unit
What may be remarkable is that:
• The CVIF-DLP students have lectures and
discussion only 1/4, or even 1/5 of the time
(typically equivalent to one period a week, the
rest being allotted for written activities);
• They have no homework throughout their 4
years in high school;
• The portfolios and all activities cannot be
brought home (returned to the students at the
end of the year).
Sustaining Success:
Shaping Young Minds
ASEAN Region's Scientific Power :
Singapore : 45 % of papers published ;
Thailand : 21 % of papers published ;
Malaysia : 16 % of papers published
Vietnam : 6 % of papers published ;
Indonesia : 5 % of papers published ;
Philippines : 5 % of papers published ;
Brunei, Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar together produced less than 2 % of papers published.
http://www.scidev.net/en/science-communication/science-publishing/news/south-east-asian-nations-publish-more-science.html
2014 Global Innovation Index country ranking:
ASEAN Nation Global Ranking
Singapore 7
Malaysia 33
Thailand 48
Viet Nam 71
Indonesia 87
Brunei Darussalam 88
Philippines 100
Cambodia 106
http://www.globalinnovationindex.org
7/25/2017 MVCBernido LCF 2014
Philippine Crisis
The absence of a critical mass of well-trained highly creative people, in particular, the lack of Ph.D.’s in
science & engineering.
No Philippine university entered the top 800 in the 2015-’16 THED
world-wide ranking of universities.
ASEAN COUNTRIES:
7 from Thailand
5 from Malaysia
2 from Singapore , Rank 26 and 55
1 from Indonesia (University of Indonesia)
2016 World‘s Top 800 Universities
No university from the Philippines...
AFRICAN COUNTRIES:
6 from South Africa
1 from Ghana (University of Ghana)
1 from Kenya (University of Nairobi)
1 from Nigeria (University of Ibadan)
1 from Uganda (Makerere University), Top
500
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (Times Higher Education University Rankings)
(a) Teaching (the learning environment) : 30 %
(b) Research (volume, income, reputation): 30 %
(c) Citations (research influence): 30 %
(d) Industry Income (innovation): 2.5 %
(e) International Outlook (staff, students & research)
7.5 %
60 %
7/25/2017 36
Cutting edge research
is the key...
How do we catch up?
7/25/2017 MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna,
Bohol37
A nation-wide
distribution of
talents
Working assumption for strategic plan
PhD
MS
BS
K - 12
Research: Creation
of new knowledge
Conventional set-up
Target: Socio-economically relevant
internationally publishable research
for Gr. 11 and Gr.12
PhD
MS
BS
K - 10
Research: New
knowledge and new
applications
Gr. 11 - 12
SHS RESEARCH
7/25/2017 40
MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol
Real science for senior high
The Grades 11 and 12 curriculum
requires at least 2 semesters of
practical research.
Research topic
Research problem
Questions
• Are high school students too young
and ill-prepared for serious research?
• Are young people now interested only
in social media?
• How do we uncover and sustain the
deeper intellective drive of young
people?
7/25/2017MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol
42
MVCarpio-
Bernido, CVIF
43
At the high school stage,
students are capable of
highly abstract thinking.
Jean Piaget
7/25/2017
MVCarpio-
Bernido, CVIF
44
With training and discipline,
young persons may outperform
adults in different areas.
7/25/2017
Examples from history
Jean Piaget at age 11: published his
first scientific paper
MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol457/25/2017
• Carl Friedrich Gauss at age 13:
a Prime Number Theorem
• James Clerk Maxwell at age 14:
presented a scientific paper at the
Royal Academy
The Research ProcessSelection and formulation of the problem
Research design and plan to test a hypothesis
Observation and experiments / computation
Analysis / interpretation / conclusion
Survey of present state of knowledge of the problem
Publication in an international scientific journal
Prototypes:
Research themes for CVIF students
7/25/2017MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol
47
• Data mining and analytics
• Marine sciences
• Biodiversity
• Agricultural sciences
• Sports sciences
• ...
7/25/2017 MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol48
Marine Sciences and Biodiversity
NOT KNOWING, NOT RECORDING, NOT LISTING:
NUMEROUS UNNOTICED MOLLUSK EXTINCTIONS
Claire Régnier,∗ Benoît Fontaine,† and Philippe Bouchet∗
∗Mus´eum National d’Histoire naturelle, D´epartement Syst´ematique et Evolution—
Malacologie, 75231 Paris, France
†Mus´eum National d’Histoire naturelle,—Conservation des Esp`eces, Suivi et
Restauration des Populations D´epartement Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversit´e
Mus´eum National d’Histoire Naturelle CP 51, Paris, France
Conservation Biology, Volume 23 (2009) pp. 1214–1221.
ABSTRACT:… We found that the number of known mollusk
extinctions
is almost double that of the IUCN Red List. More than
70% of known mollusk extinctions took place on oceanic
islands, …
Central Visayan Institute Foundation
Jagna, Bohol
The Philippines
is regarded
by marine biologists
as the world’s epicenter
of marine biodiversity.
Bohol
Philippine seas are inhabited by around10,000 marine mollusk species (includeshelled creatures like snails, clams, andslugs) comprising a fifth of the known speciesin the world.
In contrast, the whole Mediterranean has 2,020species of mollusks.
The whole marine fauna of Japan has only1700 species of decapods.
BIODIVERSITY
Panglao Island, Bohol, Philippines:
TEAM: 30 marine scientists, technicians & fishing masters from France, Singapore, Taiwan, Russia
& Philippines.
2004: gathered 1,200 species of decapod crustacean; 6,000 species of mollusk specimens, many new to science.
2005: twenty drums of specimens collected ---several thousands of mollusk species, 600 species of crustaceans, and 100+ species of echinoderms, etc.
(Depth: 200m to 2,300m)- PDI, 7 Oct. 2005
Marine Biodiversity: New Species
Cone snails thrive in shallow
tropical marine waters.
• Each cone snail specie has around 100 to 200
different peptide-rich venom (conotoxins)
components that can be extracted.
• 2004: From a conotoxin, the drug Prialt was
manufactured – much stronger than morphine
but non-addictive.
• 2005: Prialt sales reached US $ 6.1 million.
• 2006: Prialt sales reached US $ 12.5 million.
• 2006: Around six different conotoxins have
reached human clinical trials.
http://www.forbes.com/global/2007/0702/064.html
Urgent need to explore cone snails
in our seas:
There are 700 species of predatory cone snails,
each species containing 100 to 200 types of
conotoxins (with little overlap between species).
This implies there could be more than 70,000
pharmaceutical drugs waiting to be discovered
from venoms of cone snails.
B. M. Olivera, J. Biol. Chem. 281 (2006) 31173-31177.
Central Visayan Institute Foundation
Jagna, Bohol, November 2006
40 % to 50 % of today’s medicines
originate in natural products.
2008: the US National Institutes of Healthawarded US $ 4 million to American-Philippine scientists to catalog the diversemollusk species.
The US NIH project is expected to yielddrugs related to the cure of cancer anddiseases of the central nervous system.
Budget: € 9.5 million (about PhP 475 million)
Date Started: October 2012
Participating Countries:
Belgium United Kingdom Norway
Spain Ireland Germany
Italy Denmark China
Costa Rica South Africa Chile
New Zealand
EU PharmaSea Project
http://www.pharma-
sea.eu/
(2) Conduct forums where experts in marine
biology can give lectures on marine life
and avenues for chemistry, mathematics,
biology and physics research.
(1) Involve Grades 11 and 12 students in
systematic marine biodiversity research
appropriate to their grade level, yet
publishable.
CVIF Initiative
7/25/2017 MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol57
Studying the map of Jagna Bay7/25/2017 58
Deploying lumon-lumon nets at Jagna Bay
80 m to 100 m deep.
Underwater documentation of CVIF‘s Marine Project by
Smart Communications.
Intertidal
Collection
38 Hermit Crabs
16 Brittle Star
2 Crustalavidae
10 Starfish
8 Money Cowrie
6 Hebrew Cones
6 Sea Cucumbers
3 Trochidae
2 Blue Starfish
2 Sea Slugs
2 Octopus
1 Unknown
- Unshelled
Mollusk
1 Crab
1 SP3
1 Conus
Excluding micro-organisms, the average number of
individuals is 12 in a 1 meter x 1 meter area.
Sorting and counting of the collection.
65
Sorting and classifying
micro-organisms from the sea.
66
Sorting and classifying
micro-organisms from the sea.
Dorsal
View
Ventral
View
7.8 mm
Cycloscala from Jagna Bay :
Documentation by photography facilitates
identification of specimens the Internet.
69
Sorting and classifying
microorganisms from
the sea.
7/25/2017 70MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol
Jagna Bay Ecology
Each student will be asked to
identify and classify each species
collected in the intertidal expedition
to determine:
Abundance of each species
compared with others (ecological
balance)
Possible new species
Jagna Bay Ecology
CVIF Projects
To publish a catalogue of
species found in Jagna Bay
Set up a Museum for the
education of present and
future generations
Jagna Conus Project:
From Cone Snail Venom to Pharmaceutical Products ...
747/25/2017MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol
UNDERSTANDING
MARINE LIFE
Soft Matter
Complex Systems
Big Data Analytics
Physics, Biochemistry, Mathematics
Evolution Biology
Geochemistry
Remarks:1. We need an “army“ to sort, classify and
identify largely diverse marine specimens.
Research for grades 11 and 12
students?
( over 2 million students in the Philippines)
2. Understanding marine life requires an
interdisciplinary approach.
3. Need for national/international networking.
7/25/2017 MVCarpio-
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International Conference on Biodiversity and Chemical
Biology of Marine and Terrestrial Life in the Philippine Region
October 16-20, 2016, Panglao, Bohol.
7/25/2017 MVCarpio-
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Hosted by the University of the Philippines through the Marine Science
Institute and Institute of Biology
University of Utah
Drexel University
California Academy of Sciences
Russian Academy of Sciences
University of Hawaii
University of Oxford
Kyoto University
Griffiths University
7/25/2017 MVCarpio-
Bernido, CVIF
79
The journey
of a thousand kilometers
begins with a single step…
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