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Shape Your Business For the Future:
Powering Transformation With Cisco
Cisco Unified RAN Backhaul: Any Radio, Any Media, Many Generations
Sathya NarayanaswamyJune 12 2012
Agenda
RAN challenges
Unifying the Backhaul
Unified Backhaul Management
Unifying Backhaul Technologies
Trusted Partner for Global Mobile Service Providers
Innovation
differentiation
Monetization
new revenue
Unification
any radio
any media
Leadership
trusted advisor
partnership
Optimization
reduced costs
The World Needs New Approaches…
Reflection on 2011projection to 2016
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast, 2011–2016, IBSG 2012
the average mobile connection will generate 716 MBof mobile data traffic per month in 2016, up from 30 MB in 2011
www.cisco.com/go/vni
182% 32-fold4 times faster
All this Mobile Data Growth..Leads to a Big Backhaul Hole…
http://www.telecomasia.net/content/worlds-mobile-backhaul-has-840b-hole
―The world's mobile operators will need to
spend a combined $840 billion over the
next five years to upgrade their backhaul
networks for the coming data deluge‖
The World needs to Lower Operating Costs
Reduce PowerIncrease Mbs/Watt
Reduce FootprintMulti-use POP
Simplify ManagementRadio Access
OPEX over 7 years CAPEX
Transmission
Site Rental
O&M
Electricity
Cell Site TCO Distribution
BTS
Civil Works
Site Support
Site Acquisition &Planning
40%TCO
60%TCO
Source: China Mobile
RAN Capacity and Offload Challenges
Spectrumlimited asset
Interference if unlicensed
MobilitySeamless Macro to Small
Cell handoffs
OffloadUnified RAN
MacroCells
ConsumerBusiness Community
Small Cells
Fixed (DSL/GPON/DOCSIS)
Via Fixed Broadband
TDM?PTN?OTN?
IP?
Macro Site Router
Mobile IP
CoreAggregation Node Mobile Core Node
Macro Site Router
Baseband Processing Pool
Wireless Mesh
WirelessPoint to Multi-Point
Ethernet
Ethernet
RAN Expansion for Small CellsFronthaul addition to Backhaul
IP RAN Agg
Pre-aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Dedicated Fibre(CPRI)
Fronthaul Attributes• Low Touch• Robust and aesthetic• Highly Flexible/Scalable• Power efficient• Relaxed Availability• Low mobility PS users• Reuse of existing infrastructure
Macro Site Router
Macro Site Router
Number of Radio Nodes~30 to 40x
Agenda
RAN challenges
Unifying the Backhaul
Unified Backhaul Management
Unifying Backhaul Technologies
Cisco Unified RAN BackhaulAny Radio, Any Media
RAN Backhaul
Radio Content
Media
uWave SDHCE ATM
3G+
2G
LTE/4G
WiFi & Small Cells
Voice
Video
Data
Unified RAN Backhaul
RAN Backhaul
Cisco Unified RAN BackhaulAny Radio, Any Media, Many Generations
100 T imes the Capaci ty for a Fract ion of Current Cost
• Flexible scalability: Any multi-vendor radio on any media (2=>3=>4G)
• Proven performance and reliability: Superior voice & video service assurance
• Operational excellence: Unified management, lower OpEx, low power consumption
OPTIMIZE
IP CoreCell Router Aggregation Mobile Edge
$37,044
$6,887
14 Mbps
17 Mbps
19 Mbps
22 Mbps 23 Mbps
24 Mbps 28 Mbps35 Mbps 42 Mbps 49 Mbps
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
CY09 CY10 CY11 CY12 CY13
IP/ Ethernet
TDM TDM Costs Escalate Directly with Bandwidth
Ethernet Costs
Less per Bit —
Flat Cost Structure
Backhaul Charges per ConnectionTDM IP/Ethernet
Reduced Power ConsumptionCisco Energy-Efficient Ethernet
• Lowest OPEX Power Consumption (70% Savings)
• Future proof Efficiency Gain, Highest Gbps per Watt
• Efficient power on demand
Breaking the Backhaul OPEX BarriersLowest Power Consumption in Industry
Only 2.375 W/Gbps at cell, 2.5W/Gbps at pre-Agg(ASR 901-12C-F-D 38W, 16 Gbps)
5 year cell-site power savings NPV is $20+ Million
1 year savings by removing dedicated T1 timing is $48 Million
i.e., Verizon 40,000, Bharti 40,000 cell sites
$100/month for E1/T1
Agenda
RAN challenges
Unifying the Backhaul
Unified Backhaul Management
Unifying Backhaul Technologies
RAN Backhaul
Cisco Unified RAN BackhaulAny Radio, Any Media
Radio Content
Media
uWave SDHCE ATM
3G+
2G
LTE/4G
WiFi & Small Cells
Voice
Video
Data
Unified RAN Backhaul
Cisco PRIME Unified Management
for RAN Backhaul
Centralized User Portal
Prime portal provides:• Single point of entry into
the network for operator access to all information they need
• Reduced operational costs using an integrated framework for operators and administrators
• Increased efficiency with seamless transition between functional areas
Unified Inventory Common Event/Alarm management
Access, Aggregation, Edge and Core
Launch 3rd Party Domain
Mgr (even ALU SAM, ..)
Network Discovery
Auto-discovery & integration of devices AND logical segments (routes, pseudowires, ..) into live NMS
• Physical and logical topologies
• Multivendor discovery
• Complete end-to-end visibility of all devices, network & logical connections
Physical and Logical Maps
Logical and
Physical
Inventory
Maps include integrated
third-party devices
Primes add a configuration
template
Save OPEX using Fully Redundant, Automated, Zero Touch Deployment
Power on device; device contacts
DHCP for TFTP IP
DHCP
Device initiates connection and gets the config
1
2
3
Zero Touch Deployment
Service Design and Activation
• Accelerate service deployment with point-and-click wizards
– SAToP, CESoPSN, ATM/IMA over pseudowire emulation, etc
• Eliminate manual errors with automation Resource Pools
Policy Map
Service Provisioning Lifecycle
Network Service Assurance
• Fast network outage detection with visualization of impacted network devices
• Dedicated service alarms indicating the two devices terminating the pseudowire and the impacted ID
• Hyperlinks for immediate fault localization and isolation
Service Aware Topologies
Pseudowire link icon
Service Fulfillment Codifying and automating end-to-end fulfillment
Starent Nexus IOS IOS XR TelePresenceUC/TelephonyUCS Tandberg
Domain and Device Management
Operational Support System
AXIOSS
Billing and CRM
Active Catalog Order Management Service Inventory
Service Troubleshooting
• Improved pseudowire troubleshooting with graphical representation of all network components traversed
• Powerful service tracing mechanism to simulate the path of the traffic along the network elements
• Hop by hop details on each technology traversed (MAC address, MPLS label stack, used protocols….)
System Extensibility
• Ability to rapidly add new features via a flexible architecture
• Out-of-the-box discovery and activation workflows that are easy to extend
• Online documented SDK tools and forum to support system integrators
New activation workflows via a flexible provisioning layer
Easily create new statistical reports for Cisco or third-party platforms compiling new MIBs
Extensible data model and
customization tools
Launch 3rd Party Domain
Mgr (SAM, ..)
Third-Party Device Support
Out-of-the-Box Support for:
• DragonWave (microwave radio)
• Alcatel-Lucent
• Huawei
• Juniper
• RAD
• NEC iPasolinkBasic logical and physical discovery for third-party devices supporting the standard MIB2
• Multivendor ready• Easy integration of
other third-party microwave devices
DragonWave microwave
Monitor, Inspect, and DiagnoseNetwork Faults
• At-a-glance view of network health for fast fault isolation
• Alarm correlation to rapidly diagnose and remediate faults that span multiple domains
• Affected parties report on specific fault scenarios (e.g., link down)
Agenda
RAN challenges
Unifying the Backhaul
Unified Backhaul Management
Unifying Backhaul Technologies
Problem Statement
• Network Requirements:
– Increased bandwidth demand (Video)
– Granular QoS (LTE, Games, Voice, IMS)
– Complex connectivity (X2, LTE-A)
– Virtualization & Higher need for convergence (Mobility)
• Traditional approach has challenges:
– Need for sophisticated routing protocols & interaction with Layer 2 Protocols
– Complexity of achieving 50 millisecond convergence with TE-FRR
– End-to-end Provisioning and troubleshooting across multiple domains
How to unify multiple backhaul technologies…… in increasingly larger networks … with more complex application requirements?
Unified RAN backhaul addresses these challenges with elegant simplicity
Drivers – Unified BackhaulBased on field experiences
• Unified MPLS– Bringing resilience, scale, & management benefits all the
way to access
• Unified Timing– Using best mix of TDM, 1588v2, Sync E, GPS, etc
• Differential Quality of Experience (QoE)– Profitable differentiation
• Unified Management– Collapsing multiple management domains
• Managing Cost– Optimizing cost structure
Benefits of bringing MPLS to Backhaul
• MPLS is pervasive across Mobile & IP Core. Why ?
• Matured technology with extensive support & resources are available
• Recommended by Standard bodies, Vendor groups…
Hurdles to bring MPLS to Backhaul
• Why not “simply” use everywhere?
– Scalability – Was built on premise of 100 – 1000 of “core entities”
– Complexity of traffic engineering
– Virtualization challenges
– OAM considerations
– Cost
• So how do we address this ?
Fragmented MPLS Architecture
CoreAgg
MPLS
Agg
MPLSMPLS L2VPN IAS
EdgeEdge
Access Access
L2VPN L2VPNIP IP IP
L2VPN IAS
Cisco Unified MPLS for Backhaul
Edge EdgeCoreAggAccess AccessAgg
MPLS
• “Any-G” support with same architecture
• Improved Scale – Reduced IGP complexities in the core
• Operational Simplicity
Cisco Unified Backhaul –MPLS Scalability
• Hierarchical LSP approach with two transport labels (intra domain and inter domain)
– Intra domain (IGP+LDP or RSVP-TE)
– Inter domain (iBGP+label per RFC3107)
• No IP prefix redistribution between IGP domains
• Only access nodes and ABRs have reachability information for other access nodes
• BGP Inbound prefix filtering and Outbound Route Filtering (ORF) help reduce network state
MPLSMPLSMPLS
AggregationAccess Core Aggregation Access
PE ABR ABR PE
Inter-domain LSP
Intra-domain LSP Intra-domain LSP Intra-domain LSP
iBGP (IP+Label)iBGP (IP+Label) iBGP (IP+Label)
Cisco Unified Backhaul – MPLS ResiliencyLoop Free Alternate (LFA) Link Protection
• The link between RP and RB fails.
• RP reroutes all traffic originally for link RP-RB to RC. This is done by pre-computing available paths that do not create loops
• Gives benefits of TE-FRR, but no configuration or design required
• Remote LFA addresses other topologies (Ring/Square)
RP RB
RC
Network Xpacket addrX packet addrX
Primary Path
Repair Path
packet addrX
Route X: NH: RB,
LFA: RC
Architectural ComparisonCisco Other Vendors
U-MPLS H-VPLS L3 VPNs
Any to Any Yes No – Inter Domain Yes
End to End LSP Yes No No
Scale Yes - BGPNoMAC Explosion
Nochallenged with label switching
OAMLSP PingIP SLAPW-VCCV
PW – VCCVEthernet – CFMEthernet Performance - 1731
LSP PingSAA
Operational Simplicity
Yes
NoMulti-Segment PWRedundant PWTE-FRR
NoRouted PWInter-Area TETE-FRR
Fast ConvergenceLFABGP PICBGP Add Path
Operationally Complex Operationally Complex
Path Optimization BGP AiGP No Yes
Cisco Unified RAN - Quality of Experience• Service differentiation using standards based QoS.
– IETF DiffServ Architecture across Network layers
– MPLS Exp, IP DSCP, 802.1P & ATM CoS
• Optional Traffic re-marking at administrative boundary
– CSG, NodeB, RNC depending on traffic direction & model
• All the nodes/links are capable of line-rate
– Flat QoS is sufficient for DiffServ functionality
– H-QoS for Microwave links*
• Handling LTE QoS
– LTE QCI + Resource type (GBR/Non-GBR) is enforced with Diffserv on NNI
– H-QoS policies with parent shaping and child queuing on UNI
QoS Model (Upstream)
Clock Sync, Abis, IuB CP + Voice UP, S1c, X2c, GBR UP – EF Class
IuB UP & LTE MBR UP – AF Class
IuB & LTE S1/X2 BE – BE Class Additional AF classes for NC
Hybrid
Traditional
All IP
Hybrid
TDM
1588v2
BSC/RNCTDM Source
1588v2Grand Master
Source
MTSOCentral Office
4G/LTE
4G Node
SyncE
BTS/BCS
2G/3G
TDM
4G Node
BTS/BCS TDM
2G/3G/LTE
1588v2
SyncE
Cisco Unified TimingAny Source, Any Media
Synchronization in Mobile NetworksClocking Mechanisms Comparison
Clocking Mechanism Advantages Disadvantages
GPSReliable PRC
Relatively cheap
Frequency and phase
Antenna required
US Govt owned
PRC/BITSReliable PRC
Generally Available
No Phase
Need to maintain TDM in all Ethernet
deployment
1588-2008 Packet Based
(Frequency and Phase)
Requires Master w/ PRC
Performance influenced by network
Undefined Profiles in SP environments
SyncE/ESMCPhysical layer
(Frequency)
No Phase
Every node in chain needs to support
NTPv4Packet Based
(Frequency and Phase)
Not as robust as 1588-2008
Open standard
Some proprietary implementations
SyncE is the most stable and accurate frequency reference available after PRC/BITS/GPS
Mobile operators/Radio vendors are moving towards supporting SyncE but does require e2e h/w changes
1588-2008 still needed for last mile or Phase requirement butstandard developments & h/w support needed
Synchronization in Mobile NetworksHybrid
Hybrid
Application Freq &Time/Phase
Priority Uses SyncE & 1588
End-to-end SupportYes
Add. functions & protocol
support
Is dependent on SyncE for freq. accuracy and 1588 for
Phase alignment
Network Dependencies
•SyncE transfers accurate clock over the physical
layer -> no clock wander
• 1588-2008 master transfers Phase Packets to a
1588-2008 slave using PTP timestamps and SyncE
frequency to recover Phase
Network Virtualization (Cisco nV)
• Wouldn’t it be nice if…
• We could manage an entire backhaul network segment as if it were a single platform?
• Simplify Backhaul Operations
– Simplify management (Single Network Element, EMS/Mgmt interface)
– Improve reliability, resiliency & availability (Reduce protocol complexity for HA & failover, Single OS and release cycle, )
– Effective cost management (Rapid deployment, Scalability, Less down time)
Edge
RAN-I1 RAN-II
Third-Party Services/ Content
Aggregation
Access
Core
Cisco Prime IP NGN
SP Services/Content
Converged IP RAN with Satellite
Edge
RAN-I RAN-II
Third-Party Services/ Content
Aggregation
Access
Core
RAN-IINMS
SP Services/Content
RAN-INMS
nV – Network Virtualization
Resiliency – Cluster architecture in Core/Aggregation.Optimize – Single Virtual Chassis. Feature consistency, Protocol simplificationOaM – Single virtual chassis, Automatic software upgrades, Unified NMS
OaM Implementation
• Service OAM– Used for monitoring liveliness and performance management of the services– Provisioned at Touch points associated with end to end service– ATM Service OAM; Ethernet OAM & PM; MPLS Service OAM & PM; IP/MPLS OAM & PM
• Transport OAM– Primarily used for monitoring liveliness and performance management of the transport mechanism on which services are
carried– Ubiquitous to the network elements– Ethernet Transport OAM & PM; IP/MPLS Transport OAM & PM
Cisco Unified RAN Business Value
Capacity Increase Across a
Unified RAN Network 100
Cost reduction from
Cisco® Ethernet Energy Savings70
High Availability of
Unified RAN Backhaul Network6 9’s
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