Shades of Green

Southeastern Facility Masters Conference Southeastern Association of School Business Officials

November 18-20, 2008Little Rock, Arkansas

Larry Schoff, PEConsultant to the

US Department of Energy’s EnergySmart Schools Program

Shades of GreenViewing High Performance (HP) Design

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1. Promote 50% improved efficiency in new schools and major renovations or additions and 30% in existing buildings

2. Develop and disseminate technical guidance, best practices and case studies which address existing buildings and new construction

3. Identify sources of financing for high performance schools and provide tools that help stakeholders make a compelling business case

4. Collaborate with national, regional, and local partners to promote healthy, high-performance schools

Anticipated total energy savings from 700 schools: 0.002 quads with $14 million in cost savings to schools by 2020

Catalyze significant improvements in energy efficiency by promoting schools that progress towards net-zero energy buildings

DOE EnergySmart Schools

Goals Approach Impact

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DOE EnergySmart Schools (cont.)

New Construction and Major Renovations• Primarily suburban districts and states with growing

populations• Opportunity: Design in sustainability and high-performance

from the outset• Target: At least 50% energy savings over ASHRAE

standards

Existing Buildings/Retrofits• Primarily urban and rural districts, some driven by

consolidations or need to upgrade aging infrastructures• Target: At least 30% energy savings

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Presentation Outline

Defining High Performance/Green/Sustainability

High Performance Design Guides

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design

“Shading” Your High Performance Design

Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools

Financing High Performance Schools

Conclusion

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Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability

Sustainability• Development that meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Green• To significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of

buildings on the environment and on the building occupants

High Performance• When a building, its systems and the occupants are

operating effectively and efficiently

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Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.)

• HP/Green Design Concepts apply to all building types• LEED-NC initially applied to all• Now – Building types having LEED documents

– K-12 Schools– Shell Buildings– Campus

• CHPS – Now adopted by several states

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Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.)

Life Cycle Cost vs. First Cost• All of the decisions affecting this entire life

cycle cost are made in the smallest portion of the building life cycle cost-design.

• High performance design must be incorporated from the start!

Operation50%

Construction11%

Financing14%

Alterations 25%

Design is ONLY 6%-8% construction cost

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Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.)

Integrated or Whole Building Design• Whole-building design considers all building

components • Integrates all the subsystems • Design team should be fully integrated from the

beginning; all the pieces must fit together– Building design team can include architects, engineers, building

occupants and owners, and specialists in areas such as indoor air quality, materials, and energy use.

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High Performance Design Guides

• ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides• Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS)

and Variations of CHPS• LEED• Local Government Guides

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance DesignSustainable Sites

Energy Use

Water Efficiency

Materials and Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Strategies and Technologies

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)

Sustainable Sites

Stormwater Design

Heat Island Effect

Light Pollution

Alternative Transportation

Site Selection/Disturbance

Sustainable Sites

Energy Use

Water Efficiency

Materials and Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Strategies and Technologies

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Sustainable Sites

Stormwater Design

Heat Island Effect

Light Pollution

Alternative Transportation

Site Selection/Disturbance

• Reflective roofing (ENERGY STAR)• Provide shade of the non-roof

impervious surfaces or light color paving

• Vegetative roof

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Sustainable Sites

Stormwater Design

Heat Island Effect

Light Pollution

Alternative Transportation

Site Selection/Disturbance• Bicycle storage and changing rooms• Alternative fuel vehicles• Public transportation• Parking capacity

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)

Energy Use

Energy Efficiency

Renewable Energy

Building Commissioning

Measurement and Verification

Green Power

Refrigeration Management

Sustainable Sites

Energy Use

Water Efficiency

Materials and Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Strategies and Technologies

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Energy Use

Energy Efficiency

Renewable Energy

Building Commissioning

Measurement and Verification

Green Power

Refrigeration Management

• Reduce energy at least 30% over baseline

• Reduce energy by 50%• HP HVAC, lighting and ENERGY

STAR compliant equipment

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Energy Use

Energy Efficiency

Renewable Energy

Building Commissioning

Measurement and Verification

Green Power

Refrigeration Management

• Geo exchange• Solar hot water heat• PV system • Wind turbine

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)

Water Efficiency

Water Efficient Landscaping

Water Use Reduction

Wastewater Technologies

Sustainable Sites

Energy Use

Water Efficiency

Materials and Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Strategies and Technologies

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Water Efficiency

Water Efficient Landscaping

Water Use Reduction

Wastewater Technologies

• Native grasses and plants• Rainwater • Soil analysis • No potable water used for

landscaping

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Water Efficiency

Water Efficient Landscaping

Water Use Reduction

Wastewater Technologies

• Waterless urinals • Low flush commodes• Low flow faucets and shower heads• Composting toilets• Rainwater to flush commodes and

urinals• Occupancy sensors

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)

Materials and Resources

Building Reuse

Waste Management

Material Reuse

Recycled Content

Regional Materials

Certified Woods

Rapidly Renewable MaterialsSustainable Sites

Energy Use

Water Efficiency

Materials and Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Strategies and Technologies

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Materials and Resources

Building Reuse

Waste Management

Material Reuse

Recycled Content

Regional Materials

Certified Woods

Rapidly Renewable Materials

• Sort by type• Reduce landfill costs• Reuse on site

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Materials and Resources

Building Reuse

Waste Management

Material Reuse

Recycled Content

Regional Materials

Certified Woods

Rapidly Renewable Materials

• Installed cabinets and flooring• Concrete, CMU, brick and steel• Outside furniture

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Materials and Resources

Building Reuse

Waste Management

Material Reuse

Recycled Content

Regional Materials

Certified Woods

Rapidly Renewable Materials• Wheat board • Bamboo flooring• Rubber flooring• Linoleum • Certified lumber• Hay bales

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Indoor Environmental Quality

Low-Emitting Materials

System Controllability

Thermal Comfort

Daylight and Views

Construction IAQ Plans – During and After

Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Control

Outdoor Air Monitoring

Increased VentilationSustainable Sites

Energy Use

Water Efficiency

Materials and Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Strategies and Technologies

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Indoor Environmental Quality

Low-Emitting Materials

System Controllability

Thermal Comfort

Daylight and Views

Construction IAQ plans – During and After

Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Control

Outdoor Air Monitoring

Increased Ventilation

Provide Daylighting and Views

– Clerestories

– Light tubes

– View glass

– Light shelves

(interior and exterior)

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)

Strategies and Technologies

Electrical Distribution

Lighting Systems

Controls

HVAC

Buildings as a Teaching Tool

Target Finder

Sustainable Sites

Energy Use

Water Efficiency

Materials and Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Strategies and Technologies

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies

Electrical Distribution

Lighting Systems

Controls

HVAC

Buildings as a Teaching Tool

Target Finder

Energy Efficient Transformers

• Currently, out of sight and out of mind—Today a “Dark Hole for Energy Inefficiency” in all building types

Energy Being Lost Behind Closed Doors

Energy Efficient TransformersA “Gold Mine” for efficiency and cost reductions

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies

Electrical Distribution

Lighting Systems

Controls

HVAC

Buildings as a Teaching Tool

Target Finder

Energy Efficient Transformers

A DOE study* found that:

• Aging infrastructure and lightly

loaded transformers

• 60-80 Billion kWh losses

annually

– 40+ Million in commercial buildings

• Installing energy efficient

transformers can save the

equivalent of 9 days of electric

power generation

* Federal Register – Part II Department of Energy, EERE, 10 CFR Part 430, Energy Conservation Program for Commercial and Industrial Equipment : Energy Conservation Standards for Distribution Transformers, July 29, 2004.

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies

Electrical Distribution

Lighting Systems

Controls

HVAC

Buildings as a Teaching Tool

Target Finder

Electrical Distribution

• Sub-metering of electrical circuits– Lighting– Outlet circuits– Kitchen– HVAC – other

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies

Electrical Distribution

Lighting Systems

Controls

HVAC

Buildings as a Teaching Tool

Target Finder

Hallway Lighting

• Current design – on 12-18 hours a day

• Limited controls – all or nothing

• Consider controls on hallway segments

• Consider occupancy controls

• Consider dark schools • Daylighting sensors /

controls

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies

Electrical Distribution

Lighting Systems

Controls

HVAC

Buildings as a Teaching Tool

Target Finder

Placement of Light Switches

• Why are all usually placed at one location or door?

• Place only one at the door, others on other side of room

Exterior Fluorescent

• Use for all exterior lighting

• Reduce energy consumption

by 70+%

• Improved controllability

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies

Electrical Distribution

Lighting Systems

Controls

HVAC

Buildings as a Teaching Tool

Target Finder

CO2 and Occupancy Sensors

• Control HVAC systems• Lighting controls • Outside air Electrical Outlet Control• Why not control top outlet with an

occupancy sensor?• Reduce plug and phantom loads

Daylighting Controls

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies

Electrical Distribution

Lighting Systems

Controls

HVAC

Buildings as a Teaching Tool

Target Finder

Oil Free Chillers – Non CFC• Frictionless; “maintenance free”

• Reduces demand; energy use and costs

• Low Life Cycle Cost

Modular/Condensing Boilers• Improved efficiency

• Matches load with output

Displacement Under-floor Ventilation

• Improved IAQ and reduced energy use

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies

Electrical Distribution

Lighting Systems

Controls

HVAC

Buildings as a Teaching Tool

Target Finder

• Students, Administration, Community

• Increases energy awareness

• Have it interactive– Twenhofel Middle School, KY

• Provides hands on experiences

• Translates technologies and building features to every day life

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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies

Electrical Distribution

Lighting Systems

Controls

HVAC

Buildings as a Teaching Tool

Target Finder • http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_bldg_design.bus_target_finder

• Available for different building types

• Helps establish an energy design goal – Kbtu/SF/Year

• Provides information for providing an energy budget

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“Shading” Your High Performance Design

Determining “Shades of Green”• Degree of incorporation of HP/green design elements• Number of HP/green elements used• Energy efficiency of design – ENERGY STAR• Doing the right thing – taking that first step

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“Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.)

Light Green• Integrated design • Basic building commissioning• East-west building orientation• North and south facing windows• Fluorescent fixtures and lamps including gym/multipurpose• EMCS system on HVAC • Low VOC paints and mastics • Water source heat pump system with individual room controls • Low-E glazing• Energy efficient transformers• Use of local materials• Lighting design 1.2 watts/SF• Energy modeling

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“Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.)

Olive Green: Same as light plus or enhanced• Whole building commissioning• Clerestory design for day-lighting plus view glazings – light shelves • Modular condensing boilers • High efficiency chillers• CO2 sensors to control outside air and fan motors• Occupancy sensors to control both HVAC and lighting systems• Daylighting controls • Waterless urinals • Fluorescent exterior lighting • Recycled carpets• Certified lumber and or renewable materials used for case work• Installation of PV system for instruction purposes• Heat recovery system for ventilation air• Highly reflective roofing material • Lighting design <1.1 watts/sf• Daylight modeling

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“Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.)

Dark Green: Same as olive plus or enhanced• No-water landscaping; enhanced landscaping for shading of building• Rainwater collection for necessary irrigation and flushing of restroom

commodes• Installation of solar hot water pre-heat system for kitchen use• Installation of individual instant hot water heaters where needed• Geo-exchange system for heating and cooling• Pervious pavements• Living machine for treating wastewater on site• Expanded PV system to provide at least 15% of building electrical

needs• Purchase of green power• Lighting design <0.9 watts/sf• Green roof (vegetated)

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Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools

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Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.)Zack Elementary, Poudre School District, CO

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Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.)The Dalles Middle School, Columbia River

• T-5 Lights and Sensors• Geo Exchange System• Natural Lighting• Light Tubes• Natural Ventilation• EMS• Light Screens• Light Shelves• 50-60% less Energy

Opened September 2002Capacity: 600LEED Gold

BOORA Architects

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Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.)Third Creek Elementary School, NC

First LEED GOLD School

Amphibian Garden at Third Creek – Waste water Management

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Third Creek Elementary School, NC

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• Principles of Financing

• Making a Business Case

• Financing Options

• State, Federal and Non-Profit Resources

Co-branded by ASBOEndorsed by NSBA

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Principles of Financing High-Performance Schools

Principle 1. Determine Project Objectives

Principle 2. Avoid Cream Skimming

Principle 3. Identify All Cash Flows

Principle 4. Focus on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

Principle 5. Select an Effective Cost-Benefit Mechanism

Principle 6. Monitor and Verify Results

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Principle 2. Avoid Cream Skimming

Principles of Financing High-Performance Schools (cont.)

Investing in relatively low-cost projects with quick paybacks undermines efforts to finance more capital-intensive efforts with significant long-term benefits that can leverage those short-term payback.

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In today’s world, operation of

educational buildings should

reflect not only the needs of the

district but also the needs and

goals of the Nation.

Let’s make High-Performance

Buildings leading to Net Zero

Energy Schools one of our goals

in the 21st century.

It’s Not Rocket Science

Conclusion

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Does a HP Building = Energy Efficient Building?

Buildings don’t operate themselves, people do

Energy awareness and proper operations are the keys to success in energy efficient operation

NO!NO!

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Webinar 1

Top 10 No-Cost Ways to Lower Your

School’s Utility Bills

Webinar 2

Top 10 Low-Cost Ways to Lower Your

School's Utility Bills

Webinar 3

Top 10 Investments to Lower Your

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For more information:Emily L. Knupp202-552-1398 (direct) www.usgbc.ogwww.buildgreenschools.org

Sponsored by

December 3, 2008, 1:00 – 2:30 PM EST

January 21, 2009, 1:00 – 2:30 PM EST

Completed

Hosted by

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www.energysmartschools.gov

Margo AppelBuilding Technologies ProgramU.S. Department of Energy(202) 586-9495Margo.appel@ee.doe.gov

Larry SchoffEnergy Efficient Solutions(540) 961-2184lschoff@rev.net

Information, tools and resources available at