View
0
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Sewerage Plan for the Prevention of Global Warming
Passing on a rich global environment to Next Generation
Bureau of Sewerage Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Sludge Carbonizat ion
Digest
Solar Power Generat ion
Micro bubble aerat ion
Woody Biomass
1
1 Basic Policies
2 Objectives
3 Implementation Strategies
Earth Plan-2010 establ ishes targets for global warming countermeasures for the Tokyo Bureau of sewerage and descr ibes concrete measures to be taken by FY 2014 and indicates roles to achieve by FY 2010.
Based on this plan, the Bureau wil l reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases in a planned and example -sett ing way, as well as fulf i l l i ts obl igat ion to reduced carbon dioxide emissions in accordance with Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program.
Addit ional ly, the Bureau wil l serve as a pioneer in the reduct ion of the metropolis’ greenhouse gases and contribute to the realization of reduction targets under an ini t iat ive cal led the Ten-Year Project for a Carbon-Minus Tokyo.
Final ly, we wil l pass on a r ich g lobal environment to the next generat ion .
We wil l intensively implement measures dur ing the durat ion of the plan in order to real ize reduct ions as ear ly as possible.
Speed Up Implementation of
Measures
Pioneer Use of the Latest Technologies
We wil l pioneer implementat ion of the latest technologies in order to heighten the ef fect of reduct ions.
We wil l implement var ious enhanced sewage funct ions (e.g., f looding countermeasures, combined sewers improvement and advanced treatments) as well as reduct ion of greenhouse gases.
Improve Sewage Functions
Greenhouse Gas Emiss ions by Tokyo Metropol i tan Government
Resul ts f rom Earth Plan -2004
95.6
1990年度
基準年度
2009年度
最終年度(見込)
87.1
2008 年度
87.6
101.8
アースプラン2004
目標ライン6%削減
排出量
(万t-CO2)
110
100
90
80
70
FY2000 Base Year Emissions
991,000t CO2
FY2014 Reduction Target
At least 18% Emissions
813,000t CO2
FY2020 Reduction Target
At least 25% Emissions
743,000t CO2
E m i s s i o n s ( 1 0 0 , 0 0 t - C O 2 )
T a rg e t L i n e ‒ 6 % Ear th Plan -2004
F Y 1 9 9 0 B a s e Y e a r
F Y 2 0 0 8
F Y 2 0 0 9 F i n a l Y e a r ( e s t i m a t e d )
Bureau o f Transpor tat ion 13%
Bureau o f Sewerage 42 %
Headquar ters o f The Governor , e tc . 30%
FY2008 Results
T o t a l M e t r o p o l i t a n G o v e r n m e n t E m i s s i o n s
2 . 0 8 m i l l i o n t - C O 2
B u r e a u o f S e w e r a g e E m i s s i o n s 0 . 8 7 6 m i l l i o n t - C O 2
Bureau o f W ater works
15%
2
4 Examples of Measures 1. Micro bubble aerat ion
2. Develop Technological Solut ions to Suppress N 2O Product ion dur ing Wastewater Treatment
How N2O Emissions Are Suppressed during Wastewater Treatment
Develop N 2O measuring device and treatment Technology to Suppress N 2O Production dur ing Wastewater Treatment
Reduce energy consumption through the use of micro bubble aerat ion.
*Micro bubble Di f fus ion : These devices generate smal l bubble that more eas i ly d issolve in wastewater ef f luent . Energy savings resul t f rom a reduct ion in a i r generat ion requirements .
Mic roorgan isms in the reac t ion tank work to break down organic sewage mat te r . Sending oxygen in to the tanks helps mic roorganisms work more v igorous ly.
How Micro bubble aeration Reduce Energy Consumption
Energy Use 20% Reduction
Oxygen Solubil ity Low → High
Blower
(React ion Tank)
(React ion Tank) Standard Di f fus ion Device Micro bubb le Di f fus ion * Device
N2O generated during sewage
waste treatment
Step 1 : De te rm ine wha t i s caus ing N 2 O
p roduc t i on. S tep 2 : F ind a so lu t ion t ha t res u l t s i n
suppress ed p roduc t i on. S tep 3 : Sys temat i ze t he s o lu t i on. A t t he s ame t ime, deve lop a dev ic e to cont i nua l l y and acc u ra te l y meas ure N 2 O em iss ion l eve ls .
Ammonia
Inflow Outflow
Nitrogen gas
A m m o n i a
Nitrogen
Nitr ic acid
Ammonia Ni t rous ac id
D e c o m p o s e r o r g a n i s m s
Inside the React ion Tank
Blower
3
送風機
不要
送風機
廃熱有効
利用設備 煙突
排ガス
処理装置集じん機
ターボ
チャージャー
空気
脱水
汚泥
流動焼却炉
空気
廃熱有効
利用設備
排ガス
送風機不要
3. Introduct ion of New Combust ion Systems for Sludge Incinerat ion
How Second-Generation Incinerators Work
排ガス
脱水汚泥
流動焼却炉
空気
廃熱有効
利用設備
排ガス
処理装置送風機
煙突
送風機送風機
空気
空気
集じん機
*Second-generat ion inc inerator : Compared wi th current f lu id ized -bed inc inerators , i t can provide a large reduct ion in greenhouse gases by improving the operat ion of combust ion ins ide inc inerator .
800°C i n c i n e r a t i o n
Large overal l decrease
Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Approx. 50% decrease Approx. 20% decrease
1 0 0 %
3 0 %
N 2 O 1 0 0 % C O 2
1 2 0 %
Approx. 70% decrease
1 5 % 9 6 %
Approx. 20% increase
Multi layer Fluidized Bed Incinerator (Example)
Fluidized Bed Incinerator with Turbo Charger (Example)
・ High- temperature regions are created ins ide the inc inerator , caus ing thermal decomposi t ion of N2O.
・ Inc inerator ef f ic iency is improved throughout the inc inerator ③ , which resul ts in a reduct ion of the amount of supplemental fuel used.
・ W aste heat is recovered and sent to the turbo charger① , pressur izing the inc inerator② and increas ing combust ion speed, wh ich a l lows for a h igher inc inerat ion temperature.
・ The bot tom air in let ① and the center a i r in lets ② in let center are int roduced to create mult ip le layers where s ludge is inc inerated.
③
①
②
①
②
Firs t -genera t ion incinerators
Second -genera t ion incinerators
We wil l in troduce second-generation incinerators * wi th new combustion systems that reduce the amount of greenhouse gases generated during incineration.
850°C i n c i n e r a t i o n
D e w a t e r e d s l u d g e
Ai r
Ai r
Ai r
F l u i d i z e d b e d i n c i n e r a t o r
F l u i d i z e d b e d i n c i n e r a t o r
D e w a t e r e d s l u d g e
E x h a u s t g a s
B l o w e r
B l o w e r
B l o w e r
B l o w e r
H e a t r e c o ve r y
e q u i p m e n t
H e a t r e c o ve r y e q u i p m e n t
D u s t c o l l e c t o r
D u s t c o l l e c t o r
S m o k e s t a c k
S m o k e s t a c k
Exhaust gas t rea tment device
E x h a u s t g a s t r e a t m e n t d e v i c e
B l o w e r u n n e c e s s a r y
B l o w e r u n n e c e s s a r y
Turbo charger
・ High- temperature inc inerat ion breaks down N2O, reduc ing greenhouse gas emiss ions. I t a lso reduces the number of b lowers, which real izes a reduct ion in energy use.
E x h a u s t g a s
H e a t r e c o ve r y e q u i p m e n t
Ai r
Ai r
4
4. Unit ize Sludge Treatment System
Uni t i z ing a s ludge t reatment system by moving s ludge concentrato rs and dewater ing equ ipment next to inc inera to rs rea l i zes a reduct ion in both the amount of e lec t r ic i t y needed to power the s ludge t rea tment p rocess and supplementa l fue l fo r s ludge inc inera to r .
・Ref i t as second-generat ion inc inera to rs
Unitization Set up dewater ing equipment next to an incinerator
・Reduce the d is tance dewatered s ludge t rave ls
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
By combining measures, the ent ire sludge treatment system can be opt imized N2O
Current Measures
・Higher inc inerat ion temperatures
CO2
N2O
W hen each measure is implemented independent ly
Reduct ion of
・Energy-ef f ic ient concentrators and dewaterers
・Make concent rators and dewaterers more energy ef f ic ient
・Reduce mois tu re con tent o f s ludge
S e c o n d - g e n e r a t i o n i n c i n e r a t o r s , e t c .
How Unitization of Sludge Treatment System Works (Example)
In t roduction of energ y-ef f ic ient concentrators In t roduction of energ y-
ef f ic ient dewaterers
:pump
P
・Ref i t as second -genera t ion incinera tors
・Reduce mois ture content o f s ludge using dew ater ing equipment
・Reduces the amount o f supplemental fuel used and suppresses emissions o f N 2 O
C o n c e n t r a t o r
D e w a t e r e r
・Set up dewatering equipment adjacent to the incinerator to reduce the distance that dewatered sludge needs to t rave l
・Reduces the energy needed for de l iver y F
rom
tre
atm
ent
faci
lity
S l u d g e t r e a t m e n t b u i l d i n g
5
5 Earth Plan-2010 Measure
・Sewerage P lan for the Prevent ion of Global W arming ・Earth Plan-2010 (Digest) ・Publ ished by Planning Sect ion of the Planning and Coordinat ion Div is ion at the
Tokyo Bureau of Sewerage ・Address 2-8-1 Nishi -Shinjuku, Shin juku Ci ty, Tokyo 163 -8001 ・Tel: (03)5320-6594
CO 2 N 2 O
微細気泡散気装置の導入 ○
省電力型撹拌機の導入 ○
省エネルギー型濃縮機・脱水機の導入 ○
省エネ東京仕様2007 ○
省エネルギー型機器・器具の設置(省エネルギー型ランプ) ○
維持管理の工夫 ○ ○
汚泥の低含水率化 ○
重油から都市ガスへの燃料転換 ○
ハイブリッド自動車など低燃費・低排出ガス車の導入 ○
ばっ気システムの最適化 ○
汚泥処理のユニット化 ○ ○
新たな燃焼方式の汚泥焼却炉の導入 ○ ○
N2O分解触媒の導入 ○
小水力発電 ○
アーバンヒート ○
汚泥の炭化 ○
汚泥のガス化 ○ ○
太陽光発電 ○
木質系バイオマスと下水汚泥の混合焼却事業 ○
技術開発の推進 ○ ○
水処理からのN2O排出抑制技術の開発 ○
グリーン電力・熱証書制度 ○
排出量取引制度(環境確保条例) ○
下水熱を利用した熱供給事業 ○
下水道工事における温室効果ガスの削減 ○
雨水地下浸透の促進 ○お客さまとの連携
お客さまとの取組
技術開発
産学との共同研究
協働事業
民間事業者と協働
処理工程・方法の見直し
水処理工程
汚泥処理工程
未利用・再生可能
エネルギーの活用
処理水のエネルギー活用
下水汚泥のエネルギー活用
自然エネルギーの活用
施策 対策削減対象ガス
徹底した省エネルギー
電力使用量の削減
燃料使用量の削減
かくはん
Measure Action
Energy Conservat ion
Rethinking
Treatment
Processes
and Methods
Ut i l iz ing
Unused and
Renewable
Energy Resources
Research and
Development
Customer Liaisons
Cooperat ive
Ventures
Energ y Use Reduct ion
Instal l micro bubble d i f fusers
In troduce energy-ef f ic ient agi ta tors I n t r o d u c e e n e r g y - e f f i c i e n t s l u d g e c o n c e n t r a t i o n a n d d e w a t e r i n g e q u i p m e n t
Tok yo Energ y-E f f i c i enc y Spec i f i ca t ions (2007 ) U s e e n e r g y - s a v i n g e q u i p m e n t a n d f i x t u r e s ( e . g . , l o w -e n e r g y l a m p s )
Device operat ions and maintenance
Fuel Use Reduction
Reduce more moisture content of sludge Switch f rom fuel o i l to natural gas U s e f u e l - e f f i c i e n t a n d l o w - e m i s s i o n v e h i c l e s ( h y b r i d c a r s , e t c . )
Water Treatment Processes
Optimize aerat ion systems
Uni t ize s ludge t reatment Sludge Treatment Processes
I n s t a l l n e w c o m b u s t i o n s y s t e m s f o r s l u d g e i n c i n e r a t i o n
Use N2O decomposi t ion cata lysts
Use of Treated Water as an Energy Source
Use Sludge Energy
Use Natura l Energy
Micro-hydroelectric power generat ion
Urban heat
Sludge carbonizat ion
Sludge gasi f icat ion
Solar energy generation
Col labora t i ve Research w i th I ndust r y and Academi a
Promote Research and development D e v e l o p t e c h n o l o g i c a l s o l u t i o n s t o s u p p r e s s N 2 O f r o m w a s t e w a t e r t r e a t m e n t
Cooperat ion wi th Pr ivate -Sector Companies
Renewable Energ y Cert i f icate system E m i s s i o n s t r a d i n g s y s t e m s ( T o k y o C a p - a n d - T r a d e P r o g r a m )
Heat supply business ( f rom sewage heat ) R e d u c e g r e e n h o u s e g a s e s f r om s e w a g e c o n s t r u c t i o n
Customer Communicat ions Promote ground inf i l t rat ion of rainwater
Reduction in
Mixe d i nc i nera t i on of w oody bi oma ss a nd s l udge
Recommended