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Session 4: Coal statistics. United Nations Statistics Division International Workshop on Energy Statistics 24-26 September 2012, Beijing, China. World commercial primary energy production 2009. Hard Coal 25% Brown Coal 7% Peat & Oil Shale .1%. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Session 4: Coal statisticsSession 4: Coal statistics
United Nations Statistics Division
International Workshop on Energy Statistics
24-26 September 2012, Beijing, China
World commercial primary World commercial primary energy production 2009energy production 2009
Solids32%
Liquids37%
Gas26%
Electricity5%
Hard Coal 25%Hard Coal 25%
Brown Coal 7%Brown Coal 7%
Peat & Oil Shale .1%Peat & Oil Shale .1%
Total commercial primary Total commercial primary energy production 1970-2009energy production 1970-2009
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
America, South
Oceania
Europe
Asia
America, North
Africa
OutlineOutline
• Classification
• Measurement units
• Statistical units
• Data items
• Data sources
• Current UNSD Questionnaire
• Common problems
SIEC ClassificationSIEC Classification
• SIEC 0: Coal
• SIEC 1: Peat and Peat products
• SIEC 2: Oil shale / oil sands
SIEC 0: CoalSIEC 0: Coal
01 Hard Coal
011 Anthracite
012 Bituminous Coal
0121 Coking coal
0129 Other bituminous coal
02 Brown Coal
021 Lignite
022 Sub-bituminous coal
03 Coal Products
031 Coal Coke
032 Patent Fuel
033 Brown Coal Briquettes
034 Coal Tar
035 Coke oven Gas
036 Gas Works Gas
037 Recovered Gases
039 Other coal products
1 Peat and Peat products
11 Peat
12 Peat Products
121 Peat Briquettes
129 Other Peat products
2 Oil Shale/Oil sands
Secondary products
Coal Coke
Patent Fuel
Brown Coal Briquettes
Coal Tar
Coke oven Gas
Gas Works Gas
Recovered Gases
Other coal products
Peat Briquettes
Other Peat products
Primary Products
Hard Coal
Anthracite
Coking coal
Other bituminous coal
Brown Coal
Lignite
Sub-bituminous coal
Peat
Oil Shale/Oil sands
Measurement units –Measurement units –original/natural unitsoriginal/natural units
Original or natural units
Used at the point of measurement of the fuel flow the units measured should be the best suited to its physical state (solid, liquid or gas)
Examples include:
• Mass units for solid fuels (e.g. kilograms or tons)
• Volume units for liquids and gases (e.g. litres or cubic metres)
• Energy units for electricity (e.g. kilowatt-hour) and heat (e,g. calories or joules).
Measurement units – Measurement units – Common unitsCommon units
Natural units are often converted to a common unit to enable comparison between fuels, estimating efficiencies etc.
Common units are typically this is an energy unit (e.g. megajoule or ton of oil equivalent).
Calorific value (heating value) are conversion factors that expresses the heat obtained from one unit of the fuel
Example calorific values (CVs) include:
gigajoule/tonne (GJ/t) for coal
megajoule/cubic metre (MJ/m3) for gas
NOTE: Calorific values vary between products and also countries
Net and Gross Calorific valuesNet and Gross Calorific values
Calorific values may be expressed in gross or net terms. The difference is due to latent heat of vaporization of the water produced during combustion.
Net calorific values are typically 5% to 6% less than the gross calorific value for solid and liquid fuels and about 10% less for natural gas.
IRESIRES
No specific measurement units are recommended for national data collection (most suitable for the circumstance)
However, certain units are recommended for dissemination. In particular,
Solid fuels -> Metric Tons
Gases -> Terajoules
Calorific valuesCalorific values
IRES recommends the use of net calorific values (NCV) when expressing the energy content of energy products rather than gross calorific values (GCV)
However, where available, countries are strongly encouraged to report both gross and net calorific values
IRES 4.36
Default Calorific valuesDefault Calorific values
• Default calorific values only to be used in absence of specific values
• IRES provides default calorific values in line with those in the 2006 IPCC guidelines
Examples of Net Calorific ValuesExamples of Net Calorific Values(GJ/Metric ton)(GJ/Metric ton)
Anthracite 26.7
Coking coal 28.2
Other bituminous coal 25.8
Sub-bituminous coal 18.9
Lignite 11.9
Peat 9.76
… …
Statistical unitsStatistical units
• A statistical unit is an entity about which information is sought and for which statistics are ultimately compiled. It is also the unit at the basis of statistical aggregates
• IRES recommends the use of establishments and households as statistical units for energy statistics
Data itemsData items
They reflect data collected from statistical units
Data sourcesData sources
• IRES recommends to distinguish, as applicable, at least the three reporters groups:
• Energy industries
• Other energy producers
• Energy consumers
IRES 7.18
Statistical units classified according to ISIC rev. 4 and grouped as described in IRES
Data sourcesData sources
Statistical data sources
From censuses and/or sample surveys (enterprises surveys, households surveys, mixed-households surveys)
IRES recommends that countries make efforts to establish a programme of sample surveys which would satisfy the needs of energy statistics in an integrated way to avoid duplication of work and reduce response burden.
IRES 7.38
Data sourcesData sources
Administrative data
data created originally for purposes other than the production of statistical data
- monitor activities related to production and consumption of energy;
- enable regulatory activities and audit actions;
- assess outcomes of government policies, programmes and initiatives
Annual QuestionnaireAnnual Questionnaire
Imports
Stock changes
Non energy useFinal Energy Consumption Manufacturing, const. and non-fuel industry Transport Other (Agriculture, Households, etc.)
Production
Transformation
Final consumption
Total energy supply
Energy industry own useEnergy industry own use
Losses
Exports
Int. bunkers
UNSD Annual QuestionnaireUNSD Annual Questionnaire
UNSD Annual QuestionnaireUNSD Annual Questionnaire
Calorific valuesCalorific values
For the different products
Common problemsCommon problems
• Data on calorific values are often not reported
• Distinction between international bunkers and (domestic) transport
• High statistical difference
• Production of secondary products without input into the transformation
• Conversion into electricity and heat plants should be looked at in conjunction with the electricity production
• Energy industry own use and transformation
Thank you!
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