Sentence Structure: Sentence Types. A Sentence... MUST have a subject and a verb (predicate) MUST...

Sentence Structure:Sentence Types

A Sentence...

• MUST have a subject and a verb (predicate)

• MUST have a complete thoughtAlso...• Begins with a capital letter• Ends with punctuation

Sentence Types

• Simple• Compound• Complex• Compound-Complex

Basic Elements of Every Sentence

SUBJECT PREDICATE

Basic Elements

Mary plays tennis.

SUBJECT PREDICATE

Simple Sentence

Types of Sentence StructureSimple sentence = ONE independent clauseMay have a compound subject or compound verb, but still only one main clause and no dependent clauses; may have phrases included, but still only one independent, main clause Examples:Brian ran down the field.(1 subject and 1 verb) Hope and Kelsie talked and laughed all night.(compound subject and compound verb) 

SIMPLE SENTENCE

Mary plays tennis.

SUBJECT PREDICATE

one subject one predicate

Simple Sentence

play tennis.Tom and Mary

Compound Subject

&

Simple Sentence

play tennis and swim.Tom and Mary

Compound Subject Compound Predicate

& &

SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject

Tom and Mary play tennis.

SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject

andcompound predicate

Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

Compound Sentence

Types of Sentence StructureCompound Sentence - = A compound sentence has 2 or more parts that can stand alone (independent clauses)

Can be joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS), CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS or by a semicolon Examples:Hannah likes to read, but she likes to watch movies, too. Hunter wants to play baseball, or he might go out for golf, but he will always play football. Ryan plays the trumpet well; he practices every day of the week.    

Compound Sentence

Use of Coordinating Conjunctions

SUBJECT PREDICATE

SUBJECT PREDICATE

and

Compound SentenceTom swims,

Mary plays tennis.

and

COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

FOR

AND

NOR

BUT

OR

YET

SO

Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.

Clause 1 Clause 2

Independent Independent

COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.

Comma before “and” in compound

sentences!

COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

MOREOVER

HOWEVER

OTHERWISE

THEREFORE

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

Clause 1 Clause 2

Independent Independent

COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Note: Semicolon before conjunctiveadverb and comma

after conjunctive adverb!

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Conjunctive Adverbs “float”

• Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “floating” adverbs because they can be positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause.

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:AT THE BEGINNING, IN THE MIDDLE,AT THE END

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.

Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.

COMPOUND SENTENCE:SEMICOLON

Tom has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.

Complex Sentence

Complex Sentence = 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent clauses 

• A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that can stand alone and another one that cannot

• The part that cannot stand alone is linked to the rest of the sentence by a subordinating conjunction

Complex Sentence

• Examples:• When it started to snow, the children

all cheered. • I will grade all of the tests after I

finish my lunch.

• Before he started playing in the band, Josh wondered what he would do with all of his spare time.

Complex Sentence

SUBJECT PREDICATE

SUBJECT PREDICATE

even though

Complex Sentence

Bob is popular

he is ugly.

even though

COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how,"

"if," "once," "since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until,"

"when," "where," "whether,” and while."

Bob is popular even though he is ugly.

Clause 1 Clause 2

Independent Dependent

COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.

Clause 1 Clause 2

Dependent Independent

COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Compound-Complex Sentence

Compound-Complex Sentences = at least 2 independent clauses (compound) and at least 1 dependent clause (complex)

Examples:• When I realized I was wrong, I

apologized, but I still felt bad about it.

• Katie wanted a new puppy, and she asked her mom after she had cleaned her room thoroughly.

• This type of sentence has more than one

part that can stand alone, and at least one

that cannot.

• Conjunctions link the different parts of this

sentence.

Compound-Complex Sentence

Compound-Complex Sentence

Mike is popular

he is good looking,

because

he is not very happy.

but

The Four Sentence Structures

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

DEPENDENT CLAUSES

Simple 1 0

Compound 2 or more 0

Complex 1 1 or more

Compound-Complex 2 or more 1 or more

The End