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Selected Bibliography Adams, E. M. "Personhood and Human Rights," Man and World 8, Fall
1975. Adams, E. M. "Persons and Morality," Philosophy and Phenomeno
logical Research 42, March 1982. Aldrich, Virgil "On What it is Like to Be a Man," Inquiry 16, 1973 Annis, David "Self-Conscience and the Right to Life," Southwest Jour
nal of Philosophy 6; Summer 1975. Arbib, Michael A. In Search of the Person (University of Massachusetts
Press, 1985). Annstrong, Robert "The Right to Life," Journal of Social Philosophy 8,
January 1977. Bajema, Clifford E. Abortion and the Meaning of Personhood (Grand
Rapids: Baker Book House, 1976). Baron, Charles H. " The Concept of Person in the Law," Shaw and
Doudera, 1983. Beauchamp, Tom L. and James F. Childress, eds., Principles of Bio
medical Ethics, (Oxford University Press, 1979). Beauchamp, Tom L. and LeRoy Walters, eds., Contemporary Issues in
Bioethics (Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1981). Becker, Lawrence C. "Human Being: The Boundaries of the Concept,"
Philosophy and Public Affairs 4, 4, Summer 1975. Benjamin, Martin and Joy Curtis Ethics in Nursing (Oxford University
Press, 1981). Bertocci, Peter A. "The Essence of a Person," Monist 61, January 1978. Bertocci, Peter A. "The Person, His Personality and Environment,"
Review of Metaphysics 32, June 1979. Black, Max "Humaness," The Prevalence of Humbug and Other Essays
(Cornell University Press, 1983). Bok, Sissela "Ethical Problems of Abortion," Hastings Center Report,
vo1. 2, January 1974. Bok, Sissela "Who Shall Count as a Human Being?" Robert L. Perkins,
ed.,1974. Bondeson, W. B. et al., eds., Abortion and the Status of the Fetus (D.
Reidel Publishing Co., 1983).
309
Bibliography 310
Brody, Baruch Abortion and the Sanctity of Human Life: A Philosophical View (MIT Press, 1975). '
Brody, Baruch "On the Humanity of the Fetus," Robert L. Perkins, ed., 1974.
Brody, Howard Ethical Decisions in Medicine (Little, Brown and Co., 1981).
B rungs , Robert "Human Life vs Human Personhood," Human Life Review, Summer 1972.
Bukala, C. R. "The Existential Structure of Person," Personalist 49, Spring 1968.
Callahan, Daniel Abortion: Law, Choice and Morality (Macmillan, 1970).
Carrier, L. S. "Abortion and the Right to Life," Social Theory and Prac-tice 3, Fall 1975.
Carter, W. R. "Death and Body Transfiguration," Mind 92,371, 1981. Carter, W. R. "Do Zygotes Become People?" Mind 93, January 1982. Carter, W. R. "Once and Future Persons," American Philosophical
Quarterly 17, 1, January 1980. Cheng, Charles L. Y. "On Puccetti's Two-Person View of Man," South
ern Journal of Philosophy 16, Spring 1978. Clack, Robert 1. "The Myth of the Conscious Robot," Personalist 49,
Summer 1968. Clouser, K. Danner "Biomedical Ethics: Some Reflections and Exhor
tations," Monist 60, January 1977. Coburn, Robert C. "Persons and Psychological Concepts," American
Philosophical Quarterly 4, 3, July 1967. Daniels, Charles "Abortion and Potential," Dialogue 18, June 1979. Daniels, Norman "Moral Theory and the Plasticity of Persons," Monist
62, July 1979. Danto, Arthur C. "Persons," Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol. 6, Paul
Edwards, ed. (Free Press, 1967). Davis, John W. et aI., eds., Contemporary Issues in Biomedical Ethics
(Humana Press, 1978). Delattre, Edwin "Rights, Responsibilities, and Future Persons," Ethics
82, April 1972. Dennett, Daniel C. "Conditions of Personhood, " Identities of Persons, A.
O. Rorty, ed. (University of California Press, 1976). Dennett, Daniel C. "Where Am I?" Brainstorms (MIT Press, 1981). Deutch, Eliot Personhood, Creativity and Freedom (Honolulu: Univer
sity Press of Hawaii, 1982). Downie, R. S. and Elizabeth Telpher Respectfor Persons (New York:
Schocken Books, 1969).
311 Bibliography
Duska, Ronald "On Confusing Human Beings and Persons," Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, vol. LIX, 1984.
Engelhardt Jr., H. Tristram "Medicine and the Concept of Person, " Beauchamp and Walters, op. cit.
Engelhardt Jr., H. Tristram "Ontology of Abortion," Ethics 84, April 1974.
English, Jane" Abortion and the Concept of a Person," Canadian Journal of Philosophy 5, 2, October 1975.
Feinberg, Joel, ed., The Problem of Abortion, 2nd ed. (Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1984).
Fletch, Leonard M. "Abortion, Defonned Fetuses, and the Omega Pill," Philosophical Studies 36, October 1979.
Fletcher, Joseph Humanhood: Essays in Biomedical Ethics (prometheus Books, 1979).
Fletcher, Joseph "Indicators of Humanhood: A Tentative Profile of Man," Hastings Center Report, vol. 2, November 1972.
Frankfurt, Harry C. "Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person," Journal of Philosophy LXvm, 1, January 14, 1971.
French, Peter "Kinds and Persons," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 44, 2, December 1983.
Fromer, Margot Joan Ethical Issues in Health Care (C. V. Mosby Co., 1981).
Glantz, Leonard "Is the Fetus a Person? A Lawyer's View," see Bondeson, 1983.
Glover, Jonathan Causing Death and Saving Uves (penguin Books, 1977).
Gorovitz, Samuel, et al., eds., Moral Problems in Medicine (prentice-Hall Publishing Co., 1976). .
Gorovitz, Samuel Doctor's Dilemmas (Oxford University Press, 1982). Govier, Trudy "What Should We DO About Future People?" American
Philosophical Quarterly 16,2, 1979. Green, O. H., ed., Respect for Persons, vol. XXXI of Tulane Studies in
Philosophy. Grobstein, Clifford" A Biological Perspective on the Origin of Human
Life and Personhood," Shaw and Doudera, 1983. Hampshire, Stuart Thought andAction (University of Notre Dame Press,
1982). Haugeland, John "Heidegger on Being a Person," Nous 16, March 1982. Haworth, Lawrence "Dworltin, Rights, and Persons," Canadian Journal
of Philosophy 9, Spring 1979. Jeffko, Walter G. "Action, Personhood, and Fact-Value," Thomist 40,
January 1976.
Bibliography 312
Joyce, Robert E. "Personhood and the Conception Event," The New Scholasticism 52, Winter 1978.
Kohl, Marvin, ed., Infanticide and the Value of Life (Prometheus Books, 1975).
Langerak, Edward A. "Abortion: Listening to the Middle," Hastings Center Report, vol. 9, October 1979.
Locke, John An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, P. H. Nidditch, ed. (Oxford University Press, 1975). See esp. book 11, chapter XXV, "Of Identity and Diversity".
Lomasky, Loren E. "Being a Person-Does it Matter?" Philosophical Topics 12, 3, 1982.
Macklin, Ruth "When Human Rights Conflict: Two Persons, One Body," see Shaw and Doudera, 1983.
Margolis, Joseph Philosophy of Psychology (prentice-Hall Publishing Co., 1984).
May, William E. "What Makes a Human Being to be a Being of Moral Worth?" Thomist 40, July 1976.
McCarthy, Donald G., ed., Beginning of Personhood: A Symposium (Houston: The Institute of Religion and Human Development, 1973).
McLaughlin, R. J. "Men, Animals and Personhood," Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, vol. LIX, 1984.
McMullin, Ernan "Persons in the Universe," Zygon 15, March 1980. Melden, I. A. Rights and Persons (University of California Press, 1977). Moraczewski, Albert S. "Human Personhood: A Study in Personalized
Biology," Bondeson, 1983. Munson, Ronald, ed., Intervention andRejlection, 2nd ed. (Wadsworth
Publishing Co., 1983). Nagel, Thomas "Armstrong on the Mind," Philosophical Review 79,
July 1970. Nagel, Thomas "What is it Like to Be a Bat?" Philosophical Review,
October 1974. Newton, Lisa "Humans and Persons: A Reply to Tristram Engelhardt,"
Ethics 85, July 1975 Noonan Jr., John T. The Morality of Abortion (Harvard University Press,
1970). Perkins, Robert L., ed., Abortion: Pro and Con (Schenkman Publishing
Co., 1974). Perkoff, Gerald T. "Toward a Nonnative Definition of Personhood, " see
Bondeson, 1983. Pinchard, Terry "Models of the Person," Canadian Journal of Philoso
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313 Bibliography
Putnam, Hilary "Robots: Machines or Artificially Created Life," see Modern Materialism, J. O'Connor, ed. (New Volt, 1969).
Ramsey, Paul The Patient as Person (Yale University Press, 1970). Ray, A. Chadwick "Humanity, Personhood and Abortion," International
Philosophical Quarterly 25, 3, September 1985. Regan, Tom "Feinberg on What Sorts of Beings Can Have Rights,"
Southern Journal of Philosophy 14, Winter 1976. Regan, Tom, ed., Matters of Life and Death (Random House, 1980). Reichmann, James B. Philosophy of the Human Person (Loyola Univer
sity Press, 1986). Reilly, Richard "Will and the Concept of a Person," Proceedings of the
American Catholic Philosophical Association, vol. 53, 1979. Reinelt, Herbert R. "The Nature and Knowledge of Persons," Pacific
Philosophical Forum 6, May, 1968. Roca, Octavio "Atoms and Persons," Philosophical Forum 12, Fall
1980. Rorty, Richard Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton Univer
sity Press, 1979). See esp. chapter 3, "Persons Without Minds." Ryan Jr., George M. "Medical Implications of Bestowing Personhood on
the Unborn," Shaw and Doudera, 1983. Sendaydiego, Henry B. "I am Who/What I am and More," Journal of the
West Virginia Philosophical Society 17, Fall 1979 Shaffer, Jerome A. Philosophy of Mind (prentice-Hall Publishing Co.,
1968). Shaw, M. W. and Doudera, A. E., eds., Defining Human Life: Medical,
Legal, and Ethical Implications (Ann Arbor: Health Administration Press, 1983).
Sherwin, Susan "The Concept of a Person in the Context of Abortion," Bioethics Quarterly 3, Spring 1981.
Singer, Peter Practical Ethics (Cambridge University Press, 1979). Slote, Michael Metaphysics and Essence (New Yolt University Press,
1975). Smith, Wilfred C. "Thinking About Persons," Humanitas 15, May 1979. Strawson, P. F. Individuals (London: Methuen and Co., 1971). Taylor, Richard Metaphysics, 3rd ed. (prentice-Hall Publishing Co.,
1983). Teichman, Jenny "The Definition of Person," Philosophy 6O,232,April
1985. Thomas, Claire "Potential for Personhood," Bioethics Quarterly 2, Fall
1980. Thomson, Judith JalVis " A Defense of Abortion," Philosophy and Public
Affairs 1, 1, Fall 1971.
Bibliography 314
Tooley, Michael "Abortion and Infanticide," Philosophy and Public Affairs 2,1, Fall 1972.
Tooley, Michael Abortion and Infanticide (Oxford University Press, 1983).
Tooley, Michael "A Defense of Abortion and Infanticide", see Feinberg, 1984.
V an De Vate Jr., Dwight "Violence and Persons", Philosophical Forum, 7, March 1969.
van Melsen, A. G. M. "Person", vol. 3 of Encyclopedia of Bioethics, w. T. Reich, ed. (Free Press, 1978).
Van Straaten, Zak, ed. Philosophical Subjects (Oxford University Press, 1980).
Van De Vate Jr., Dwight "Violence and Persons," Philosophical Forum 7, March 1969.
van Melsen, A. G. M. "Person," vol. 3 of Encyclopedia ofBioethics, W. T. Reich, ed. (Free Press, 1978).
Van Straaten, Zak, ed., Philosophical Subjects (Oxford University Press, 1980).
Veatch, Robert M. A Theory of Medical Ethics (Basic Books, 1981). Wade, Francis C. "Potentiality in the Abortion Discussion," Review of
Metaphysics 29, December 1975. Warren, Mary Anne "Do Potential People Have Moral Rights?" Cana
dian Journal of Philosophy 7, June 1977. Warren, Mary Anne "On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion,"
Monist 57,1973. Weiss, Roslyn "The Perils of Personhood," Ethics 89, October 1978. Werhane, Patricia H. Persons, Rights and Corporations (prentice-Hall
Publishing Co., 1985). Werner, Richard "Abortion: The Moral Status of the Unborn," Social
Theory and Practice 3, Fall 1974 Wertheimer, Roger "Understanding the Abortion Argument," Philoso
phy and Public Affairs 1, 1, Fall 1971. Wikler, Daniel I. "Concepts of Personhood: A Philosophical Perspec
tive," see Shaw and Doudera, 1983. Wikler, Daniel I. "Ought We To Try to Save Aborted Fetuses?" Ethics
90, October 1979. Wilson, David C. "Functionalism and Moral Personhood: One View
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Young, Frederic C. "On Dennett's Conditions of Personhood," Auslegung 6, June 1979.
Index
Abbott, Thomas K., 182n Abortion, vii-viii, 12,20--21,29,33-34,42,46,58,67,83-116,118,121,123-125,
173-174,178,183,199-201,209-210,213-229,232,236,251-263,269,281, 285,287,290
as birth control, 20 laws, 125
Activity self-motivated, 4, 6, 8
Agency moral, 1, 16,23, 123, 148,269
Allport, Gordon, 45-46, 48, 54n Anscombe, G. E. M., 148-149, 158-159, 161, 165n, 166n Apallic syndrome, 275, 277 Aquinas, St. Thomas, 8, 174, 183n, 210n Arey, L. B., 80n Aristotle, 8,51, 147, 174, 183n Ashley, Peter, 153-154, 157 Autonomy, 171-173 Austin, J. L., 185, 193 Ayer, A. J., 143n
Bandman, Bertram, 261n Bandman, Elsie L., 261n Banton, Michael, 54n Beauchamp, Tom L., 26n Becker, Ernest, 47, 54n Becker, Lawrence, 2, 9-10, 25n, 57, 121, 124n, 125n, 126n Becoming, 45-46
/being boundary, 9-10, 58-69, 74,78-79 Beecher, Henry K., 80n Behaviorism, 152-153 Being
/has been boundary, 9, 59, 73-79
315
316
Benn,S.I.,I84n,254 Berrill, N. J., 8On, 210n Biggers, John D., 262n Blackmun, Harry, 199 Blackstone, William T., IBn Blastocyst, 204, 268 Boethius, 37 Bok, Sissela, 19,29,213, 227n, 228n Brandt, R B., 262n Brodbeck,~y,52n Brody,Baruch,20-21,124n, 126n, 229 Brungs, Robert, 23-24, 281 Buber, ~,46-47, 54n Buddha, 218 Bulmer, M. G., 79
Callahan, Daniel, 8,10-11, 16, 19, 25n, 29, 201, 21On, 227n, 232 Capacity
innate, 45, 49 Carter, W. R, 17-18,21,185 Caspari George, 38, 53n Chisholm, Roderick, 140 Claim(s),22,251,253-255,257-258,260-261 Communicate
ability to, 119, 167 Communication, 157
complex, 4-5, 8, 15 verbal, 6, 14-15,117,148-149, 156-157, 159, 161
Conception descriptive interpretation of, 202-208
Index
event, definition of, 200 momento~10,18,21,27,29-30,61-63,68,79,95-97,115,182,187,199-210,
214,216-218,222,229-233,240-243,251,259 Conceptus, 2, 19,62-63,199,201-202,205,261,268 Consciousness, 1, 14,22-23,77,118,146-147,151-152,159,165-167,232,266,
274 agents, 171 self (concept of continuing), 5, 7,12,14-15,17,19,26,70,94,100,111,118-
119,146,148,151,159, 167, 178,182-184,201,218,251,254,261,270 subject of, 92-95, 127
Coon, Carleton S., 40, 53n
Danley, John, 308n Davidson, Donald, 308n
Index
Death bnrin, 169-171,275,278 definition of, 57, 73-78, 81,170,173,182,247
Decalog, 123 de Chardin, Teilhard, 219 Demarco, D., 211n Denes,~gda,262n Dennett, Daniel, 6,14-16, 19,23, 27n, 145, 166n, 272, 279n Descartes, Rene, 8 Desrre(s),2, 11,92-94,99, 112, 129-130, 149-152, 162-163,300
effective, 130, 135 flfst-order, 13, 129-135, 137-138, 141-143, 162-163 flfst-order, conflicting, 135,138 future, 11 higher orders of, 138-139 present, 11 second-order, 13,128-135,138, 143-144,162-163 second-order, conflicting, 138 third-order, 139
de Sousa, Ronald, 165n Determinism
problem of, 142 Diamond, J., 211n Diggory, Peter, 262n Digni~, 145,171-175, 178-180,204,209,287-290 Dobzhansky, T., 41, 54n Donagan,AJan, 190, 196n Donceel, Joseph, 96, 113n, 211n Double effect
principle/doctrine of, 114, 123 Dubos, Rene, 54n Duhem, Pierre, 32, 52n Dupre, John, 294, 307n
317
Du~(ies) (obligations),4,12-13,16, 70-72,89-90,104-105,109,120-124,172-173,175,177-179,184,191-196
objects of, 121-122
Electroencephalogram (BEG), 76,274, 276, 278-279 Elias, Hans, SOn Ellington, James, 182n Embryo(s),20,35-36,49,60,62,92,175,179,201,214-215,217,221-222,224,
260-261,268,289 development, 64
Engelhardt, H. Tristram, 16-19,21, 80n, 169, 182n, 184n, 254, 261n, 262n, 279n
318
English, Jane, 197n Ensoulment, see soul Erasmus, 218 Essentialism, 47 Eugenics, 23-24, 284-287,290 Euthanasia, 58, 76-78,183,214,225,232,277 Evans, Illtud, 54n
Fauser, 263n Feigel, Herbert, 52n Feinberg, Joel, 26n, 86, 88, 183n, 1960,2610,2620 Feldman, Fred, 196n
Index
Fetus(es), 1,9, 11, 16, 19-22,32,35-36,60,62,64,68-69,83,91,95,99, 100, 115, 117-120,123-125,173-176,178-180,183,185,187,189-190,193-194,213, 215,221-225,229,231-234,238,241-242,245,248-252,257-260,263,268, 270,279,289
as organism, 76 status of, viii, 20-21,117,229-250,258
Fletcher, George P.,81n Fletcher, Joseph, 220, 227n Flew, A., 148, 1650 Foot, Philippa, 1140 Frankel, Charles, 290 Frankeoa, William, 122, 1260 Frankfurt, FhuTy, 6, 13-14, 26n, 127, 148-149, 162-163, 164n, 1650, 1660,190,
194,1960,271-272,2790 Freedom
of actioo, 136-137 of the will, 4,14,127,136-143,162 reproductive, 23, 282 right to, 122
Freeman, John M., 183n Freoch,Pe~r,24-25,293,3070,308n Fromm, Erich, 47, 530
Gallup, Gordon, 271, 2800 Gametogeoesis, 64 Gaytio, Willard, 81n, 170, 182n Geertz,Clifford,44-45,48-50,540 Genetic code, 4-5, 7,21,230,243,249 Geriatrics, 51 Gestalt(en), 36,40 Gestatioo,51,66-67,76,210 Gestational process, 35
Index
Gilbert, Margaret, 166n Ginsberg, Benson E., 54n Glover, Jonathan, 196n Godlovitch, Roslind, 124n Godlovitch, Stanley, 124n Goffman, Erving, 156, 166n Golden Rule, 148 Goodpaster, Kenneth, 196n Gorovitz, S., 164n, 280n Green, Ronald M., 262n Gregor, Mary 1., 261n Grene,~orie,33-35,38,41-42,49-50,53n,55n Grice, H. P., 148, 156-159, 166n Grisez, G., 124n Gunderson, K., 165n Gustafson, James, 33, 52n, 263n
Hall, R. E., IBn Hallowell, A. Irving, 39,43-44, 53n, 54n Hand, Learned, 301 Hardy, 1. D., 280n Hare, R. M., 117, 124n, 267, 280n Harman, Gilbert, 197n Harris, John, 124n Harris, Marvin, 43, 54n Hart, H. L. A., 121-122, 126n Heidbreder, Edna, 36 Heidegger, Martin, 254 Hellegers, Andre, 210n Hertig, Arthur T., 183n Hick,John, 273,280n Hilgers, Thomas, 2100 Hintikka, J., 147, 160, 164n, 166n Histogenesis, 63-64, 69
319
Homicide, 10--11, 17, 19,58,67-68,70--73 llon1Osapiens,3,8,12,43-44,62,85,87,98-99,106-107,112,115-117,190,288,
295-296,299 Human beings
as artifacts, 283 as natural kinds, 295-296
Human being vs human person, 281-291, 299 Humanhood, vii-viii, 1-3
criteria for, 3, 5 Humanity
as a natural kind, 247-248 concept of, misuse of, 219-220
320
criterion of, 235-236 defmition of, 116,218-220 essence of, 248-249
Humankind/humanity/man essence of, 8, 21, 37-39, 46
Humanness, I, 3-4, 29-32, 37-47 nonns of, 287 point of entry into, 72
Human vs person, 1-5,7,11-12, 14,24,296-298 Humber, James M., 79n Hume, David, 220 Huxley, J. S., 54n
Imbrie, J., 39, 53n
Index
Infanticide, vii,12,16,58, 70,83-114,118-119,121,125,174,214,223-226,252, 258,260,270
Ingvar, D. H., 274, 2800 Intention(al)(ity),24-25, 148, 153, 156, 165,304
agenvagency, 293, 302,305 preconscious, 159 predicates, 147 stance, 149-150, 152, 155, 160 systems, 149-151, 162
fll'St-order, 154 second-order, 151-154, 162
unconscious, 158, 159 Interest principle, 86-113 Interests, 11,86-113, 160 Intrauterine Device (IUD), 204, 257 Iseminger, Gary, 263n
Joyce, Mary, 2100 Joyce, Robert, 10, 18-19, 27n, 199,21On Justice, 122,304
Kahler, Erich, 50, 55n Kant, 1,7, 147,171-173, 182n, 259, 261n Katz, Jay, 81n Kiefer, H. E., 165n Killing, 20, 89, 104,106-107, 109, 115,126,219-222,226,260,268,299
vs letting die, 105-106 Kitcher, Patricia, 307n Knutson, Andre L., 30-31, 52n Korein, J., 2800 Kripke,Saul,293-295 Kroeber, A. L., 38, 50, 53n
Index
LaFave, Wayne R., 80n Langer, William, 227n Langerak, Edward A., 10,21-23,251 Laughlin, William S., 54n Lee, Daniel, 263n Lehrer, K., 144n Lejeune, Jerome, 205, 21On, 211n Levitan, Max, 79n Lewis, David, 185, 196n Libby,Wlllard,38,53n Liley, A. M., 211n Locke, John, 146,294,296,298,307n Lorber, John, 183n Lucretius, 1,265,268,276,278
Mackay, D. M., 148, 165n Marshner, W., 211n Marx, Karl, 166n Mates, Benson, 26n Mayr, Ernst, 38-40,42, 53n, 54n Mead, George Herbert, 8, 38, 53n Mead, J. S., 54n Means, Cyril C., 249n Meldon, A. 1.,187, 190, 196n Memory, 94, 273 Metamorphic process, 9, 64 Metamorphosis, 58, 60, 62, 64-65, 67, 69, 80 Mind
as distinct from brain, 95 Montagu, M. F. Ashley, 53n, 79n Montefiore, Alan, 196n, 197n Moraczewski, Albert S., 25n Moral comparability principle, 109-110 Moral object, 269-270, 272 Moral reasoning, 33,119 Moral subject, 269-270, 272 Moral symmetry principle, 104, 106, 108-110 Moravcsik, Julias, 294, 307n, 308n Morgan, Lloyd, 152 Morphogenesis, 35, 63 Morphology, 59,61,66 Munitz, M. K., 165n Murder, 147,213,217,222,251-252,260 Murray, William, 288
321
322
Nagel, Ernest, 53n Nagel, Thomas, 148 Naturalistic fallacy, 240 Natural kinds, 246-248, 293-307 Neitzsche, Frederick, 166n, 218 Neocortex, 45 Neonate(s),8, 11, 17,35,51,62,80,175,269 Nicholls, William, 53n Nilsson, Lennart, 238
Index
Nonperson(s), 4, 6-7, 18,21-23, 117, 119-120, 172,186,188,190-192, 19 5,249, 272,287
Noonan, John, 3, 26n, 27n, 2100, 214,217, 227n, 230,235,241-243, 249n,2 62n Nozick, Robert, 191
Objectivity, 33 Obligation(s), see duties O'Connor, John, 234-237, 240 Oehser, Paul E., 53n Ontogenesis, 36,49-51 Organism, 9, 58, 63, 75,83,91,97,99,101-103,110,170,186-187,204,254,265-
266,272,274,300 death of, 74, 76, 101 moral status of, 87
Organs, 5, 77,202,230,256 histolically differentiated, 9, 59, 61, 65-66
PadUt,Derek,92, 185, 194, 196n,250n,267,28Oo Parker, A. S., 54n Peel, John, 262n Penfield, Wilder, 277-278, 2800 Perkins, Robert L., 261n Perry, John, 273, 2800 Personality, 30,68, 70,204
moral, 172 Personhood
capacity for, 21, 253-254 concepto~12,24,26, 127,136,145,169-184,293,299-300 condition(s) of/for, vii, 6-7, 12-17, 19,21,23, 118-119, 145-167, 173,251,253,
261,272 criteria for, 5,118,220,254,260 degrees of, 17-18, 185, 193 legal, 23 metaphysical, 14-15,27, 146-147 163-164 moral, 14-15,27,146-147, 149, 163-164,166,293 problems of, vii-viii
Index
Person{s) acturu,21, 23,204,253-254, 259,261, 270-272 as a custom-governed kind, 301 as a natural being, 200-201 as ends in themselves, 1,24, 171-172 as natural kinds, 24, 293-295 beginning, 23, 269-271 dysfunctional, 306 essence of, 300 former, 23, 272-277, 306 legal, 287, 289 marginal, 17-18,21,23, 195-196 moral, 293, 304-307 possible, 21-23, 27, 253-254, 267, 268 porential, 10-11,22-23,91,97-110, 121,253-254,256-262,268-270 prebirth, 19 prenatal, 19 social, 16, 19,21, 175-181 strict, 16, 18,21,27,172-173,175,181
Physicalism mechanistic, 152
Plantinga, Alvin, 196n Platt, John R., 53n Pluhar, Werner S., 262n Polanyi, Michael, 33-35, 50-51, 52n, 53n, 55n Portmann, Adolf, 49
323
Potential(ity), 10-11,19,45,47-52,85, 174,183,199,201-202,204 ,206,210,214, 216,242,254-256,258
principle of, 10, 18-19,21,26,98-113,252-254,256-258,261-263,268 Potts, Malcolm, 262n Protecting life
reasons for, 20, 221-222 Puccetti, Roland, 22-23, 265, 280n Putnam, H., 148, 165n, 293-296, 298,301-303, 307n
<2uickening,69-70,84,97,117,215,229,232-233,252,259-261 <2uinlan, Karen, 7,18, 26n
Ramsay, Paul, 230-231, 238, 249n,250n Rational(ity), 1,4-7,14, 17,37,49,147,150, 152, 157,161,166,17 4,178,183,194,
201-202,208 choice, 90
Rawls, John, 146-148, 159-161, 164n, 166n Regan, Tom, 26n, IBn Responsibility{ies), see duties Richards, L. A., 213
324 Index
Right concept of, 89
Right(s),3-4,12-14,21,23,26, 71,86,146,169,172,175,177,179,186-187,190-191,217,219,229,234,261,287
human, 57, 73,237 offetuses, 121,234 to life, 1,4-7,10-13,16-17,20,26,69-72, 79,83-84,87-113,115-117,120-
123,125-126,183,186-187,190,192-193,220,270-272,279,282 Roevs~ade, 19,23-24,201,227,254,281,284-287,289-290 Rorty, Arnelie 0., 148, 164n, 196n, 307n Rorty, Richard, 2, 4-5, 26n Roslansky,John D., 52n Russell, Bertrand, 91
St. Augustine, 219, 227n St. Francis, 218 Sanford, David, 196n Sartre, J-P., 148 Schopenbauer, JU1hur, 252 Schowalter, John E., 184n Schwartz, Stephen P., 307n Scott, Austin W. Jr., 80n Scott, Nathan, 38, 53n Searle, John, 157, 165n Sellars, W., 148 Shelley, Mary, 25n Shils, Edward, 227n Shoemaker, Sydney, 187 Simpson, George Gaylord, 40--42, 54n Singer, Peter, 2,26n,l13n, 124n Skinner, B. F., 145-146, 165n Smith, Ronald Gregor, 54n Smythies, J. R., 165n Soul, 19,46,80,96,207,247
ensoulment, 18-19,57,206 Species, 39-41,46,48-49, 54, 58,60,62,68, 113,119, 124, 127-128, 145, 148,
154,271,288,294,297,299-300 -problem, 39-40
Spratt, Nelson, 80n Stone, Alan, 227n Stone, Christopher D., 227n Stoutland,Frederick,263n Sttawson,P.F.,127, 147-148, 164n Suicide, 222--223
Index
Talbot, Nathan B., 227n Taxonomy,40,42,299 Teilhard de Chardin, 219 Teleology/teleological, 35-36, 49-51, 262 Thoday, J. M.,40-41, 54n Thomas, J. B., 80n
325
Thomson, Judith Jarvis, 113n, 115, 120,123-124, 124n, 125n, 126n, 196n, 228n Tooley, Michael,2, 10--13, 16-18,26n, 70,80n, 83, 115-116, 118-121, 124n, 125n,
174,183n, 196n, 262n, 268,270--271,28On Toulmin, Stephen, 38, 53n Tribe, L., 227n Truth
divinely revealed, 96 Twinning, 69,79,205,231
monozygotic,62-63,182
Van de Vate, Dwight, 148 Veatch, Robert M., 184n Viability, 19,68-69,84, 117,224-225,227,229,232-234,252,259-261 Volitions
second-order, 6, 13-14, 17,26, 132-144, 162-163, 166, 194,271
Walters, LeRoy, 26n Wann, T. W., 165n Wanton, 133-134,136, 138, 162,272
addict(s), 135-136,142 Warren, Mary Anne, 12,26n, 115, 118, 121, 124n, 125n Weiss, Roslyn, 12-13, 115 Wertheimer, Roger, 120, 124n, 126n, 231, 237-240, 261n Wiggins, David, 295, 298-301, 307n Williams, Bernard, 165n Williams, Glanville, 249n Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 217, 247 World Health Organization (WHO), 285
Xirau, Ramon, 47, 53n
Zygote(s), 1, 11, 18-20,32,35-37,84,86-87,97-99, 102, 174-175, 179, 182-183, 199,202-203,205-208,231,257-258,261,268-269
Recommended