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Seed production and culture of Seed production and culture of Clarias batrachusClarias batrachus
An air-breathing cat fishAn air-breathing cat fish
Dr. I.J. SinghDr. I.J. SinghProf. & HeadProf. & Head
Department of Fishery BiologyDepartment of Fishery BiologyCollege of FisheriesCollege of Fisheries
G.B.Pant Univ. of Ag. & Tech., PantnagarG.B.Pant Univ. of Ag. & Tech., Pantnagar
Air breathing fishes of IndiaAir breathing fishes of India
Common nameCommon name Scientific nameScientific name
MagurMagur Clarias batrachusClarias batrachus
SinghiSinghi Heteropneustes fossilisHeteropneustes fossilis
Spotted murrel Spotted murrel Channa punctatusChanna punctatus
Stripped murrel Stripped murrel C. punctatusC. punctatus
Giant murrel Giant murrel C. maruliusC. marulius
Climbing perch or KuwaiClimbing perch or Kuwai Anabas testudineusAnabas testudineus
Outdoor cemented tanks used for rearing of Outdoor cemented tanks used for rearing of broodstock of broodstock of C. batrachusC. batrachus
Brood stock managementBrood stock management
Brooders were reared in cemented tanks of 5Brooders were reared in cemented tanks of 5×3×1.25m ×3×1.25m
Stocking density of brooders - Stocking density of brooders - 3 specimen / m3 specimen / m33 area area
Partial pond water was replaced by adding fresh bore Partial pond water was replaced by adding fresh bore well water well water
Brooders were fed with prepared feed containing fish Brooders were fed with prepared feed containing fish meal (75%) and broken rice / rice polish (25%) meal (75%) and broken rice / rice polish (25%)
Feeding rate - 10% of their body weight twice a day Feeding rate - 10% of their body weight twice a day
Broodstock of Broodstock of Clarias batrachusClarias batrachus
Seed production of Seed production of Clarias batrachusClarias batrachus
Inducing hormoneInducing hormone - Ovaprim - Ovaprim
Dose rate:Dose rate:Female- 2.0ml/kg body weightFemale- 2.0ml/kg body weightMale - 0.5ml/kg body weightMale - 0.5ml/kg body weight
Pairing ratio of Female & Male – Pairing ratio of Female & Male – 1:11:1
Latency periodLatency periodC. batrachusC. batrachus generally do not release eggs itself even generally do not release eggs itself even after introduction of inducing hormone but become ready after introduction of inducing hormone but become ready to release eggs by stripping after about 24-28hrs to release eggs by stripping after about 24-28hrs
Mature female of Mature female of C. batrachusC. batrachus
Exposed testis of mature male of Exposed testis of mature male of C. batrachusC. batrachus after after dissection dissection
Maceration of extricated testis of Maceration of extricated testis of C. batrachus C. batrachus for for preparation of miltpreparation of milt
Stripping of ovaprim injected female of Stripping of ovaprim injected female of C. batrachusC. batrachus
Fertilized eggs of Fertilized eggs of C. batrachusC. batrachus
Fertilization and hatching Fertilization and hatching
Fertilization rate – 56 – 68% (in dry fertilization)Fertilization rate – 56 – 68% (in dry fertilization)
Hatching rate – 40 to 96% Hatching rate – 40 to 96%
Hatching period - 24 to 26 hrs Hatching period - 24 to 26 hrs
Yolk resorbtion time 5 days Yolk resorbtion time 5 days
Yolk laden hatchlings of Yolk laden hatchlings of C. batrachusC. batrachus
Yolk laden hatchlings of Yolk laden hatchlings of C. batrachus C. batrachus (Close-up) (Close-up)
Larval rearingLarval rearing
On 6On 6thth day larvae were transferred to tanks of day larvae were transferred to tanks of 2 × 1 × 1 m2 × 1 × 1 m size size
Stocking rate of larvaeStocking rate of larvae- 50 larvae/ tank - 50 larvae/ tank
Larval feeding-Larval feeding- Natural food – ZooplanktonNatural food – ZooplanktonArtificial feed- Egg powderArtificial feed- Egg powder
Feeding scheduleFeeding schedule – 4 times daily – 4 times daily
After two months finely ground fishmeal and broken rice in the After two months finely ground fishmeal and broken rice in the ratio of ratio of 3:13:1 was also given was also given
Fry of Fry of C. batrachusC. batrachus
Fingerling of Fingerling of C. batrachusC. batrachus
Three month old fingerling of Three month old fingerling of C. batrachusC. batrachus
Aeration of fry rearing tankAeration of fry rearing tank
Length – weight of fry and fingerling of Length – weight of fry and fingerling of C. batrachus C. batrachus produced produced by induced breeding in June and July, 2003 by induced breeding in June and July, 2003
Days June, 2003 July, 2003
Length (cm) Weight (g) Length (cm) Weight (g)
Range Average
Range Average Range Average
Range Average
15 days 1.5-3.0 2.0 0.025-0.159 0.065 1.1-1.8 1.4 0.010-0.033
0.020
30 days 1.7-6.9 4.0 0.033-0.488 0.185 1.5-2.7 2.4 0.017-0.132
0.085
45 days 4.6-11.1 6.2 0.486-10.581 2.095 1.6-5.9 3.3 0.032-1.978
0.959
60 days 5.7-15.6 8.8 1.906-16.988 5.955 2.4-7.6 4.4 0.111-3.735
1.329
75 days 8.4-17.3 10.9 4.528-19.302 10.767 2.8-9.5 5.6 0.969-7.722
2.373
90 days 12.2-19.5 13.4 11.956-54.188
19.103
105 days 14.6-21.9 17.1 22.0-84.0 39.833
Culture AspectCulture Aspect
Pond preparation Pond preparation Preferable pond size is 0.1 to 0.2haPreferable pond size is 0.1 to 0.2ha
Can be cultured in derelict pondsCan be cultured in derelict ponds
In case of perennial shallow ponds – mahua (mustard) In case of perennial shallow ponds – mahua (mustard) oil cake @ 25 kg/ha/m should be applied to kill oil cake @ 25 kg/ha/m should be applied to kill unwanted fishesunwanted fishes
If pond bottom silt is very heavy- Lime @ If pond bottom silt is very heavy- Lime @ 200-300kg/ha should be use to reduce toxic effect200-300kg/ha should be use to reduce toxic effect
No pond fertilization/ manuring is requiredNo pond fertilization/ manuring is required
If problem of ammonia content, algal bloom occurs – If problem of ammonia content, algal bloom occurs – stop feeding and apply KMnOstop feeding and apply KMnO44 @ 300 ppm. @ 300 ppm.
Stocking density - 4-6 fry/mStocking density - 4-6 fry/m2 2 or 40,000 – 60,000/ ha or 40,000 – 60,000/ ha
Feed - fish meal (75%) and Feed - fish meal (75%) and
broken rice / rice polish (25%) broken rice / rice polish (25%)
Feeding rate - 4% of their body weight Feeding rate - 4% of their body weight
Feeding schedule – Twice a dayFeeding schedule – Twice a day
Growth rate – 150-200gm in one yearGrowth rate – 150-200gm in one year
Production – 4 tonnes/ha/yrProduction – 4 tonnes/ha/yr
Eight months old grow outs of Eight months old grow outs of C. batrachusC. batrachus
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