Section 4 Reaction Rates and Energy. Chemical Reactions—Energy Exchanges A dynamic explosion is an...

CH. 23 CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Section 4 Reaction Rates and Energy

Chemical Reactions—Energy Exchanges

• A dynamic explosion is an example of a rapid chemical reaction.

• Most chemical reactions proceed more slowly, but all chemical reactions release or absorb energy.

44Chemical Reactions and EnergyChemical Reactions and Energy

Chemical Reactions—Energy Exchanges

Chemical Reactions and EnergyChemical Reactions and Energy

• This ENERGY can take many forms, such as heat, light, sound, or electricity.

• Chemical bonds are the source of this energy.

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Chemical Reactions—Energy Exchanges

• When most chemical reactions take place, some chemical bonds in the reactants are broken, which requires energy.

Chemical Reactions and EnergyChemical Reactions and Energy

• In order for products to be produced, new bonds must form.

Bond formation releases energy.

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Bond formation releases energy.

A. TrueB. False

More Energy Out

• Chemical reactions that release energy are called EXERGONIC (ek sur GAH nihk) REACTIONS.

• In these reactions less energy is required to break the original bonds than is released when new bonds form.

Chemical Reactions and EnergyChemical Reactions and Energy

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More Energy Out • As a result, some form of energy, such as light or

heat is given off by the reaction.

Chemical Reactions and EnergyChemical Reactions and Energy

• The familiar glow from the reaction inside a glow stick is an example of an exergonic reaction, which produces visible light.

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The light given off by a glow stick indicates that an exergonic reaction is occurring.

A. TrueB. False

Heat Release • When the energy given off in a reaction is primarily in

the form of heat, the reaction is called an EXOTHERMIC REACTION.

• The burning of wood and the explosion of dynamite are exothermic reactions.

Chemical Reactions and EnergyChemical Reactions and Energy

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Which part of the term “Exothermic Reaction” tells that heat is produced?

A. “Exo”B. “thermic”C. reaction

[Default][MC Any][MC All]

More Energy In

• Sometimes a chemical reaction requires more energy to break bonds than is released when new ones are formed.

ENDERGONIC REACTIONS.

Chemical Reactions and EnergyChemical Reactions and Energy

• The energy ABSORBED can be in the form of light, heat or electricity.

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Which type of reaction ABSORBS energy?A. Exergonic ReactionB. Endergonic Reaction

[Default][MC Any][MC All]

Heat Absorption • When the energy needed is in the form of heat, the

reaction is called an ENDOTHERMIC REACTION.

Chemical Reactions and EnergyChemical Reactions and Energy

• Some reactions are so endothermic that they can cause water to freeze.

• One such endothermic reaction is that of barium hydroxide (BaOH)2 and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) in water.

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Which type of reaction absorbs Heat energy? “Feels cold”A. Exothermic ReactionB. Endothermic Reaction

[Default][MC Any][MC All]

Heat Absorption • Energy from the surrounding

environment is absorbed, causing a cooling effect.

Chemical Reactions and EnergyChemical Reactions and Energy

• Here, the reaction absorbs so much heat that a drop of water freezes and the beaker holding the reaction sticks to the wood.

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Catalysts and Inhibitors

• Some reactions proceed too slowly to be useful.

Chemical Reactions and EnergyChemical Reactions and Energy

• To speed them up, a catalyst can be added.

• A CATALYST is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself.

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Which substance speeds up a reaction?

A. CatalystB. Inhibitor

[Default][MC Any][MC All]

Catalysts and Inhibitors Chemical Reactions and EnergyChemical Reactions and Energy

• Substances called INHIBITORS are used to slow down a chemical reaction.

• One thing to remember when thinking about catalysts and inhibitors is that they DO NOT change the amount of product produced. They ONLY CHANGE the rate of production.

• At times, it is worthwhile to prevent certain reactions from occurring.

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• When you add a catalyst to a reaction, the mass of the product that is formed remains the same, but it will form more rapidly.

Catalysts and inhibitors change the quantity of the product produced.

A. TrueB. False

What is an exothermic reaction?

A. A reaction that feels cold or cool to the touch.

B. A reaction that feels hot or warm to the touch.

C. There is no such thing.[Default][MC Any][MC All]

Question #1

When heat is needed for a chemical reaction, it is called an __________ reaction.

A. endergonic

B. endothermic

C. exergonic

D. exothermic[Default][MC Any][MC All]

Question #2

Section CheckSection Check

Answer

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself is called a catalyst.

44Question 3

What is the substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself?

A. There is no such thing.B. CatalystC. Inhibitor[Default]

[MC Any][MC All]

Question #3