View
2
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Science Everythingelse
Ingroup-Outgroupthinking
• Ingroupfavouri9sm• Outgroupderoga9on• Withingroupsocialinfluence• Outgrouphomogenisa9on• Grouppolarisa9on
HenriTajel
-Reducesinsecurityandfearoftheunknown
Science Everythingelse
SuperhumanlycleverSub-humanlyrobo9c
Normal
Boffins People
• Nicetothinkyouaresuperhumanlyclever
• Manybenefitstothinkingyouareen9relylogicalandra9onal
-ScienceistheinexorablemarchtoTheTruth-WalkinastraightlinetoTheAnswer
• Theunwashedmasseswillnotunderstand
-Theyarenotsuperhumanlyclever-Theyaretotallyirra9onal
TheScien9stInGroup-Reducinginsecurityandfearoftheunknown
Confusionbetweenout-putsandprocess
E = mc2
Thisisascien9st Thisisnotscience
Scienceisamethodoffindingthingsout
• Makesomeobserva9ons• Becomecurious/wanttosolveaproblem• Formulateahypothesis• Testthehypothesis• Rejectorfailtorejectthehypothesis• Comeupwithanewhypothesisand/oranewtest…..
Scienceisamethodoffindingthingsout
• Itiscodifiedthought-marshalling
• Anyonecandoit
• Youdonothavetobesuperhuman
Youalsodon’thavetobearobot…..
Sciencerequirescrea9vityandimagina9on
• Tocomeupwiththebesthypothesesandthebesttestsforthemyouneedcrea9vityandimagina9on
• Progressdependsonbeingrepeatedlywrong
• Successinvolvesmodelsoftheworldwithever-increasingexplanatoryandpredic9vepower
• Itdoesnotinvolve“TheTruth”
TheScience-In-Groupsecurityblanket
• Iamsuperhumanlyclever• Iamonaninexorable
marchtoTheTruth
• IwilldefinitelygettoTheAnswer
• Iamusingpurera9onallogic
• Nooneelsewillunderstandmygenius
Whatgoodscienceisreallyabout
• Iwillbeconsistentlyandrepeatedlywrong
• Iambuildingmodelswithexplanatoryandpredic9vepower
• Anythingcouldhappen
• Iammakingstuffupwhichwill
thenbeprovedwrong
• Discussionswithallkindsofpeoplewillbeuseful,especiallyiftheydisagreewithme
Ingroup-Outgroupthinking• Ingroupfavouri9sm• Outgroupderoga9on• Withingroupsocialinfluence• Outgrouphomogenisa9on• Grouppolarisa9on
-Reducesinsecurityandfearoftheunknown
BUTthisisfundamentallyan9-scien9fic…-Engendersbiasandclosedmindedness-Itlocksoutchallengeandcrea9vity
• Idon’tneedtobesuperhumanlyclever-Iamallowed,evensupposed,tobewrong
• Idon’tneedtofightagainstmyhumanity-Crea9vityandimagina9onareessen9al-Themodelsthatemergewillhaveexplanatoryandpredic9vepower
• Discussionswithallkindsofpeoplewillhelp
TheScien9stAllGroup
Science Everythingelse
Normal
Super-humanlycleverSub-humanlyrobo9c
Boffins People
• IamnotEinsteinsoIdon’thavetoengagewithscience
• Boffinsarechangingtheworldtoofastandtheyseemtobewronghalfthe9me
• Ihavenoagencytomakemylifebe[er
• IprefertobelievethisnicepersonwhothinksIamright
TheEveryoneelseInGroup-Reducinginsecurityandfearoftheunknown
Anyonecandothis…….
• Makesomeobserva9ons• Becomecurious/wanttosolveaproblem• Formulateahypothesis• Testthehypothesis• Rejectorrefinethehypothesis• Testthenewhypothesis………
TheEverything-else-In-Groupsecurityblanket
• IamnotEinsteinsoIdon’thavetoengagewithscience
• UnreliableBoffinsarechanging
theworldtoofast
• Ihavenoagencytomakemylifebe[er
• Iprefertobelievethisnicepersonwhoagreeswithme
What’spossible
• ScienceisamethodIuseallthe9me
• Scien9stsarepeopletoo• Ihaveeffec9vetoolsto
tackleproblems• IwillvoteforHilary
Clinton
Thisishowsciencewillsavetheworld
The ABCs of Flower DevelopmentAn ideal flower has a typical structure. You can see it nicely in Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress).The flower has 4 whorls, each with one set of a specific organ.
What organ appears in what whorl is controlled by the ac-tivity of specific gene families- called the A,B, and C genes. Their activity alone or in com-bination leads to specific organs being made.
If you imagine these gene activi-ties in a spatial way- you can see how they give rise to the typical flower!
But most flowers look very dif-ferent from this ideal flower: nature has amazing variety to ac-comodate many pollination strat-egies.
A
B
C
B
A
C
BBC
C B
AAA
AA BB
Build a standard ABC model out of legos. Build a flower that matches that pattern. Now take one of the genes away. What would your flower look like then?
Recommended