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SAP WORKFLOW
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Course Contents
Workfow Overview Business Object Repository Task Builder Workfow Builder Customizing Workfow Testing
Business Workplace Organizational Plan Workfow dministration
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WORKFLOW OVERVIEW
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Workfow Overview !e"nition #$amples Components
Tools
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Workfow !e"nitionWorkflow is defined as the automation of a business
process, during which documents , information or
tasks are passed from one participant to another foraction, according to a set of procedural rules.
Workflow ensures that the right work is sent to the
right person at the right time in the right sequence
with the right information.
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W%en is Workfowneeded &When a business process is executed repeatedly
When different people are involved in different parts
of the process and co-ordination is required in aspecific sequence
When the users need to be reminded of what theyneed to do
When the duration of the process is critical anddeadlines have to be met
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'ow does it work&When the workflow runs it creates work items which
are like e-mails, buto they have the advantage that they contain the intelligence
needed to execute the relevant task with the correct datawhen the operational user executes them,
o they disappear on their own when they have been executed by someone.
o These work items can be received in the R! businessworkplace, "# $utlook, %otus &otes, or work itemnotifications can be distributed by e-mail.
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Business in ((
Client / Agent in
SAP
Email to manager
Approval
cycle
SAPManager 1
PR approvalLevel-1
Email sent
Approves
SAP
PR approval
Level-2
Manager 2
Final
approval
System
Automatic POcreation
(backroun!"
in #AP
Emails to Vendor &
Manager with PO
as attachment
Confirmation from
Vendor after receipt
of email
Purc$a%e Enineercreate% PR
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(aterial i!oc .rom t%ird party system
Applicationserer
SAP i!oc
reading
starts
&$eck% '$et$er
material %$oul! be
create!
Emailsent to
third
party
O
)E#
Material gets created in
SAP ia Posting
Email sent to third party
& MM manager
"#rther posting
incl#ding $OM creation
Sending File
%hird Party
System
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Enter otification of
A'sence (Employee)
Approed(*ead of !ept)
+pdate Personnel !ata
,ithdraw otification
-eise otification of
A'sence (Employee)
-es#'mit for approal
(Employee)
!ecision regarding f#rther
processing (Employee)
Yes No
YesNo
otification of
A'sence
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Workflow definition consists '
#tep ()rontend*
Task +usiness $bect "ethod (+ackend*
,or.flow !efinition Components
,or.flow
Step%as. $O
Method
Workfow !e"nition Components
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What ' What activity need to be performed n what $rder ' $rder in which work should flow.
With what obect ' &eed to find suitable +$Who does ' erson who can execute the task
When ' workflow should be triggered
/ 0uestions for any +usiness/ 0uestions .or any Business Process
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Workflow provides a number of tools for defining and
analy1ing workflows as well as for monitoring
operation. They are2
Workflow +uilder Task +uilder +usiness $bect +uilder
+usiness Workplace
,or.flow Tools Workfow Tools
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Workflow +uilder t is for displaying and making changes to workflows. We can make
#mall extensions directly to the original workflows supplied by #3,
such as carrying out your own agent assignments or changing deadline
monitoring.
Task +uilder
Task is an interface between workflow step and +$ method. Task can
be executed in )oreground (3gent assignment* or in +ackground
(Workflow #ystem*.
+usiness $bect +uilder +usiness $bects are used to make the functions of the R! #ystems
available to a workflow.
,or.flow Tools Workfow Tools
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+usiness WorkplaceThis is the area where the end user receives information about the
activities they are to carry out. This provides them with a central
overview of all the activities that they are authori1ed to carry out.
They can commence the activities from here.
,or.flow Tools Workfow Tools
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-mportant T1 Codes
2W+!3 ll Workfow related
2W!!3 Workfow Builder
2BWP3 Business Workplace2W453 6eri.y Workfow customizing
2WO73 Business Object Builder
2W-7 3 Work -tem !isplay2W4!3 Consistency C%eck o. Workfow
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-mportant Tables
2WWW-'#! 3 'eader Table
2WWW-8#9T 3 Work -tem gents
2WW+O8'-2T 3 'istory o. a work item
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*+I#IE## O*,E&REPO#IOR)
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Business Object Repository
$bect Type
4ey )ields
3ttributes"ethods
5xceptions
5vents6elegation
5xercise
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Object Type )2WO7*
t7s a data with which you want to work in a
workflow (e.g. urchase $rder*.
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Object Type )2WO7*
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mplementation & -elease of the O'0ect type-mplementation and Release o. Object
Type
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Release 2tatus
(odeled 3 9ot accessible at runtime#$ecution not possible*
-mplemented3 Only .or tests or -nternal
use : possibly unstable Released 3 Released .or use Obsolete 3 ;unctionality %as been
replaced
Release 2tatus
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ttributes
6atabase 3ttribute6atabase attributes are read from
the associated application table and
buffered in the obect. #ource code
is generated beforehand by the+usiness $bect +uilder for this
purpose.
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!atabase ttributes
#ource code is generated in the implementation program to read the datefrom the application table.
f the attribute is derived from a field in a table whose key fields do notcorrespond to or only correspond partly to the key fields of the obecttype, the extensions in the implementation program are not sufficient
The source code between 85T9T3+%59R$5RT= and5&69R$5RT= is generated entirely from the definition data. Theform select9table9>table name? is also generated automatically for the
actual database access. The macro 5@T9$+;5:T9&$T9)$A&6 returns the exception
B$bect not foundB. This exception corresponds to the TCDD message$%EFG
!atabase ttribute
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6irtual ttribute
The data declaration is generated from the definition dataand is used as a runtime buffer.
The implementation between 85T9R$5RT= and5&69R$5RT= must be created manually, since there isno other definition information. The obect reference to bereturned, in particular, must be created explicitly via themacro #W:9:R53T59$+;5:T.
+oth the +usiness $bect +uilder runtime buffer Bobect-salesgroupB and the associated container elementB#ales8roupB must be completed for data transfer.
6irtual ttribute
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ttribute=s implementation
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-mplementation Program
in BOR
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(et%ods
With a method you define a function with which youcan edit, create, search for or delete an obect of thisobect type.
=ou cannot edit a method in the list of methodsdisplayed, which was inherited from the #uper type oran interface. +ut you can redefine an inherited method by selecting it and choosing . =ou can then edit the
method.
(et%ods
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Creating a methodCreating a (et%od
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2ync%ronous (et%od
Results returned directly to calling program
Return of exceptions possible
3ll the methods that do not write their changes to the
database via the update task ndicates that the activity is complete when the method
execution is finished
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The implementation between
+58&9"5TH$6 and
5&69"5TH$6 is generated from
the definition data. The macro
#W:9R5)R5#H9$+;5:T mustalso be called after the application
functionality for synchronous
methods that can change obect
attributes, in order to delete the
obect buffer.
2ync%ronous (et%od
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sync%ronous (et%odResult can only be returned via an event$nly restricted exceptions possible
3synchronous methods are always necessary if the
encapsulated application functionality uses updatingndicates that the activity is not complete until a
terminating event is received
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Import
Parameter%
E.port
Parameter%
Re%ult% E.ception%
#/nc$ronou%
0et$o!
A%/nc$ronou%
0et$o!
Communication .or
(et%ods
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ParametersParameters
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Results
Results are only relevant .or
sync%ronous met%ods
-t can be linked to possible
outcomes in workfow
Results
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Eceptions#$ceptions
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&o source code is generated for
triggering an exception.
5very exception must correspond
to a TCDD message.
Ap to four parameters, which
correspond to the four parametersof the TCDD message, can be
transferred with the
5@T9R5TAR& macro.
The triggering of exceptions is
the same for all error types.
Eceptions#$ceptions
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Temporary Error
5rror occurs when certainsystem resources are notavailable
Application Error
5rror exists in the calledapplication. (5xample2 There isno authori1ation to edit the
obect* System Error
nconsistencies exist between theobect type definition and themethod call. (5xample2"andatory method parametersfor the method call have not beenset*
Eceptions#$ceptions
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Eents
An occ#rrence of a change of a state of o'0ect Eg
P- created3 PO released
#vents
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+ist o. Business Objects
2WO5
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(acro=s to be used
$nly macros from >cntnDC? may be used to manipulate obectsand containers.
6ata 6eclaration2I 6ata2 >$b9ref? T=5 #W:9$+;5:T
:reate a $bectI #W:9:R53T59$+;5:T >ob9ref? >ob9type? >ob9key?
Reference an $bectI #W:985T9$+;5:T9T=5 >ob9ref? >ob9type?
I #W:985T9$+;5:T945= >ob9ref? >ob9key?
Refresh $bectI #W:9R5)R5#H9$+;5:T >ob9ref?
(acro=s to be used
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(acro=s to be used
3ttribute access2 #W:985T9JT3+%59KR$5RT= >$b9ref? >attribute? >value?
:all a "ethod #W:9:3%%9"5TH$6 >ob9ref? >method? >container?
6efine :ontainer #W:9:$&3T&5R >cont? #W:9:R53T59:$&T3&5R >cont?
Reading and setting elements #W:985T#5T 5%5"5&T >cont? >element? >value?
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!elegation Super Type The obect type from which attributes and methods are inherited
is called the #uper type
Sub type
The #ubtype inherits components from the super type. Has the
same 4ey field as its super type. ( Has extended functionality*
Delegation
6elegate the #uper type to subtype. 6efine subtype anddelegation. 6elegation BcoversB the original super type.
=ou :ontinue to use the super type
!elegation
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TASK BUILDER
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Task Builder2tandard Task
Triggering #vent Terminating #vent
gent ssignment
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2tandard Task2ingle step task
Represents an activity
ssociated wit% object type > it=s one o.met%ods
Triggering event is associated
T%ere can be any number o. standard tasksin a
template
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2tandard Task !e"nition 2tandard task can %ave .ollowing attributes3 !ialog task ? Background 2ync%ronous ?sync%ronous
Con"rm end o. processing3 pop up bo$ will appear a.tere$ecution o. work item !ialog attribute is de"ned by t%e attac%ed met%od
property Result Type .or t%e met%od?#$ception o. .unction modules
can become output .or t%e task
sync%ronous task re@uires terminating events Background task are accomplis%ed by W;,BTC'
)2ystem*
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Task Creation
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ssigning Object Type
and (et%od
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Triggering #vent
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Terminating #vent .or
sync%ronous Task
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gent ssignment
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gent ssignment
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(aintain gentgent can be maintained in .ollowing ways 4ser
Aob
Position
Rule
#$pression
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Organization PlanOrganization PlanPosition
gent assignment
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