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Interspill 2015, Amsterdam 26 March 2015
Sam Kendall-Marsden Syndicate Director, Atlantic Syndicate
Pollution aspects of Costa Concordia
Contents
– Introduction – Bunker removal – Oil spill response – Other pollutants – Closing thoughts
2
Introduction
3
MSC Chitra
4
Amadeo 1
5
Costa Concordia
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Bunker removal
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Bunker removal
– Wreck removal order
– Pollutants to be removed
– Risk of environmental damage
8
Wreck in a perilous position…
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…in a very sensitive location!
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Situation of wreck
– Aground on starboard side
– Approximately 15 metres depth
– Hydrocarbons: 2,280 cubic metres, plus “black water” and other pollutants
– Fuel tanks intact
– Wreck stable?
– No spillage – yet!
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The response
– Attendance on site
– Liaison with salvors
– Analysis of legal position
– Options
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Expert assistance
– ITOPF – Not for profit marine ship pollution response advisors
– London Offshore Consultants – Leading international marine and engineering consultancy, providing advice
on and attending marine salvage and wreck removal operations
– Hill Dickinson – International commercial law firm, expert in maritime casualty matters
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Bunker removal contract
– Mini tender (Smit-Neri and Titan)
– Smit-Neri contract – 18 January 2012
– Immediate deployment
– Recovery and removal of accessible oils (so far as reasonably practicable) and anti-pollution response and clean-up
– BIMCO Wreckhire plus bonus and penalty provisions to incentivise timely performance
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3D model for hot tap placement
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Context
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Emergency responders
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The glare of the media spotlight
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Multiple agencies
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– Fire Brigade
– Coastguard
– Ministry of Defence - Navy
– Provincial, state and financial police
– Alpine Rescue
– Civil Protection
– Castalia
…and more!
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– Giglio Island Town Council
– Province of Grosseto
– Tuscany Regional Council
– Civil Defence Department
– Livorno Harbour Master’s Office
– Ministry of Health – Higher Health Institute
– Ministry of the Environment
…and even more!
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– Customs Authorities
– Regional Authority for the Environmental Protection of Tuscany (ARPAT)
– Higher Institute for the Protection of the Environment (ISPRA)
– Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Environmental Conservation (Tuscany)
– Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport – Management of Ports
Operational issues
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– Access and mooring
– Weather downtime
– Availability of information
– Managing the authorities
– Hot tap placement
Operational issues – cont’d
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– Bilge and “black” water
– Wedges and “clingage”
– Inaccessible tanks – lubricating oil
– Maintaining hull strength
Challenges
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– Working with multiple authorities for prolonged period
– Emergency response phase – Navy concern about wreck stability
– Background of environmental concerns
– Sign-off and completion
Success!
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– Hydrocarbons on board: 2,280 cubic metres
– Pumped: 2,037 cubic metres
– Removed by skimmer: 6 cubic metres
– Total removed: 2,043 cubic metres – Remaining: 237 cubic metres
Oil spill response
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Oil spill response
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– Castalia – Government mandate to provide oil spill response
– Oil pollution prevention plan – Craft, personnel, equipment and methodology
– The response – Booms, oil spill response resources, debris removal resources
Boom arrangement - wreck
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Boom arrangement - coast
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Boom arrangement
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Boom deployment
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Absorbent boom deployment
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Deployment – cont’d
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Boom deployment at sea
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Protecting the environment and tourism
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Challenges
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– Cost over a long-term (2 ½ years) project – Bought boom and repaired damaged boom
– Protecting high-seas boom in bad weather – Withdraw and redeploy?
– Residual concerns about hydrocarbons remaining on board
– Reasonable, proportionate response or overkill?
Case study: responding to a spill
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– Heavy fuel oil spill detected (flange detachment from hot-tap valve system)
– Immediate response by clean-up team
– Containment: high-seas boom and absorbent boom
– Skimmers deployed
– Harbour entrance closed as a precaution
– Resolved
Responding to a spill
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Other pollutants
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Other pollutants
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– Inventory of over 4,000 different potential pollutants on board – Batteries, toner, medical supplies, food, debris etc
– Wreck flooded to decks 6/7 post-parbuckling
– Concern about emission on parbuckling, refloating and towage
– Local concern: inlet for desalination plant
Solutions
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– Internal water management plan – Egress of water – Pollution risks – Preventative measures
– Sampling – Different compartments – Different depths – Organic pollutants, heavy metals and hydrocarbons
– Modelling
Modelling
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Solutions – cont’d
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– On-board treatment explored – not practical
– Test results confirmed no significant threat to the marine environment
– But, limited flushing by pumping selected compartments
– No significant pollution on parbuckling or refloating
– Oil spill response and debris collection on towage
Closing thoughts
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Closing thoughts
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– Involve appropriate experts
– Response to be effective
– But, need for proportionality and reasonableness
– Effective engagement with the authorities vital
– Are the authorities equipped – personnel and resources?
Closing thoughts – cont’d
46
– Single point of contact? E.G. UK SOSREP
– Single decision-maker Vs decision-making by committee
– Politically-neutral decision-makers?
– Likely effect of the Nairobi Convention?
– International Group MoU
Questions?
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Regulatory status
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The Standard Club Ltd is regulated by the Bermuda Monetary Authority. The Standard Club Ltd is the holding company of the Standard Club Europe Ltd and the Standard Club Asia Ltd. The Standard Club Europe Ltd is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. The Standard Club Asia Ltd is regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Charles Taylor Services Limited (CTS) is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority to carry out general insurance mediation activities for commercial clients. For more details please see www.fsa.gov.uk/register/home.do or call the FCA on 0845 606 1234. CTS is a wholly owned subsidiary of Charles Taylor Holdings Limited. The ultimate parent and controlling company is Charles Taylor plc.
www.standard-club.com www.ctplc.com
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