View
217
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
1/15
SAFETY FEATURES IN
CARS
Name : Nurfarah Nadia Bt. Othman
Class : 4 Theta
Title : Safety Features In Cars
Subject : Physics
Teacher : Mrs. Sharifah Sofea
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
2/15
INTRODUCTION
From the very beginning of mechanised road vehicles
development, car safety has become a renowned issue regarding
to the subject. Industrial safety can be defined as the ability tomanage the risks inherent to operations or related to the
environment. It is not a dislike of risks; it is rather a commitment
to identify them in relation to production operations, assess them
in terms of quality and quantity and hence, manage them.
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
3/15
Safety Features
Anti Lock Brakes or ABS
The main objective of anti-lock brakes is to prevent a car's wheelsfrom locking during panic braking. By allowing the car to slowdown in a more controlled manner, the driver can maintain abetter steering control and avoid unnecessary accidents. There isalso a link to physics behind the design of the ABS. But let's skipthe discussion of static friction and summarise this point bysaying that the ABS system allows cars to slow down faster than"skidding."
All new cars sold today with ABS have four-wheel anti-lockbrakes. Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs) and light trucks are soldwith either two-wheel (rear wheels) or four-wheel ABS.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Absbrakes.jpg8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
4/15
Electronic Stability Control or ESC
Electronic Stability Control is designed to help drivers to maintaincontrol of their cars during times of intense steering maneuvers.ESC helps by preventing a car from spinning out by constantlymonitoring and applying braking force to one or more wheels asneeded.
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
5/15
Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS)
Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) use a warning light on
the dashboard to alert the driver if one of the tyres is significantlyunder-inflated. Tires in this condition are much more prone to tirefailure (a blow out). The standard for this warning to signal iswhen the tire pressure is 25% below the tyre manufacturer'srecommended inflation pressure.
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
6/15
For example, if the tyre is supposed to be inflated to 30 psi ofpressure, the TPMS will alert the driver when the tyre pressuredrops below 22.5 psi. All cars manufactured after September 1st,2007 are subjected to have TPMS.
Daytime Running Lights or DRL
Daytime Running Lights (DRL) turn on the car's headlights everytime the vehicle is being driven. By turning on the headlights -
even at daytime - the ability of other drivers to see your car isgreatly enhanced.
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
7/15
Seat Belts / Safety Belts
Car Seat Belts
Baby Seat Belts
Seat belts are considered the most important safety feature to beacquired by your car, compared to other hundreds of safetyfeatures available. These belts are designed to keep you in yourseat, which helps you to avoid hitting the steering wheel,dashboard or windshield. While purchasing a car, sit in thevehicle and put on the seat belt. Check to make sure the fit is
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
8/15
comfortable. Many cars today offer a variety of ways to adjustthe seat belt to obtain a better fit.
All new cars are required to provide a warning light and audiblesignal that lasts for at least eight second if the driver does nothave a seat belt engaged.
Air Bags
The original air bags deployed in cars were placed in the steeringwheel and they were designed to protect the driver, especiallyduring panic brakes which give a superbly dangerous impact onthe driver himself. The success of air bags in protectingpassengers has lead to their deployment in several new ways.
Frontal Air Bags
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
9/15
Frontal air bags for drivers and passengers have been standardequipment in all cars since the model year 1998. These bags aredesigned to prevent the driver or front seat passenger fromcolliding with the windshield, dashboard or steering wheel, which
surely will give collateral damage, especially to head proneareas. Frontal air bags are usually hidden in the steering wheeland/or the dashboard itself.
Advanced Air Bag Systems
By September 1st, 2006, all new automobiles were required to befitted with advanced air bag systems. This advanced system isdesigned to deploy air bags in such a way as to balance theprotection of the passenger with the force by which the bag isdeployed. The advanced system can help protect some adults,and especially small children, from the harmful effects of an air
bag that deploys with too much force.
Air Bag On / Off Switches
Nearly all vehicles that do not have a rear seat now include anon/off switch that can deactivate a frontal air bag. For example,
an on/off switch might be commonly found in pickup trucksallowing the passenger side air bag to be turned off whentransporting a small child.
Side Air Bags
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
10/15
Side air bags are designed to offer additional passengerprotection from side impact collisions. These types of bags take
several forms: Curtains/Tubular -these air bags deploy downward from the car's
roof. Combination -these air bags deploy upward from the seat back and
provide both head and chest protection.
Side Air Bag Out of Position Test
There has been a recent movement to test side air bags for safetywhen a passenger is out of position - such as a child or adultsleeping with their head resting on the inside of a car's door. If
the vehicle has passed a series of tests for safety under theseconditions, it will be noted in the car's safety literature.
Rollover Air Bags
Rollover air bags are designed to keep passengers inside a
vehicle when a special rollover sensor activates. These rolloverair bags are side air bags that perform this safety function bystaying inflated for a longer period of time.
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
11/15
Vehicle Weight
The next car safety feature to be mentioned has to do with thevehicle's weight. Once again this has to do with physics (inreality, quite a bit of a car's behavior can be explained throughphysics) but the rule of thumb here is that heavier vehicles offerpassengers a greater level of safety. But this rule of thumb comeswith one of those cautions.
Statistically, some of the heavier vehicles on the road today aretrucks and SUVs. Because of the typical dimensions of SUVs, itscenter of gravity is higher off the ground compared to apassenger car. This makes SUVs more prone to rolling over.
So while an SUV offers passengers the advantage of being aheavier vehicle, this advantage can be negated by their tendencyto roll over.
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
12/15
Adaptive Cruise Control
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
13/15
Adaptive cruise control is the technologically advanced version ofthe conventional cruise control system. It helps the driver tomaintain the car speed in accordance to the traffic situations. Italso helps the driver to maintain a pre-set distance behind the
vehicle ahead by using the throttle and brakes. If in case thedriver increases the car's speed, it automatically reduces theengine performance until a safe gap with other vehicles isrestored.
Some of the potential advantages of adaptive cruise control are toreduce accident rates, reduce the driver's fatigue, and alsoincrease fuel efficiency.
Active Head Restraints
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
14/15
Active head restrains play its role when the car is struck from therear. In such a case, it causes a sudden movement of theoccupant's back against the seat. It consists of a pressure plateand a pivot system in the seat back properly positioned behind
your head. In case of an accident when the body of the passengermoves into the seat back it directly contacts the pressure plateand triggers the active head restraint. This provides a constantsupport for the head.
8/8/2019 Safety Features in Cars
15/15
Conclusion
It is proved that even the most up-to-date cars are equippedwith the newest and most important safety features of all and not
designed and purchased just based on style only. Remember,
whilst searching for a car to buy, always check for the safety
systems that the car provides and is equipped with.
Therefore, it is necessary for us to be conscious of the safety
features that we can provide our cars with. No matter how old our
car may be, if it is embedded with the most finest and crucial
safety features of all, it will still be as new as the most up-to-datecars, so long as it is not on the verge of breaking to pieces.
Recommended