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S-72.3510 Product Development of Telecommunication Systems
An Overview to Innovation Techniques
Human Mind and Creativity*
filterbank
conceptextraction
ideagenerator
dreams
personality
New concepts are used to understand things different way
New information understood by usingnew concepts
ways to understandand act
society &genotype
*T. Korhonen, A. Ainamo: Handbook of Product and Service Development in Communication and Information Technology, Kluwer Academic Press, 2003
Process of Creativity
accessing ideagenerator
conceptformation realization
filteringideas
convergentdivergent
innovative logical
Cycle of Creativity
passion
fear
Pendulum of creativity
'Objective'observations:
seeing &knowing
security, values
individual social
Phase of clarity & knowledge
Phase of new concepts &new problems
Phase of fuzziness & ambiguity
Cycle of Creativity for High-quality Outputs
divergence,inspiration, way of arts
convergence,rationality, way of science
quality references
quality control
source references
Process of creativity is nonlinear!groupwork
own wayof thinking
social team and individual input
books, journals, web
cultural evolutiongenerated information
New, applicable concepts and inventions
disintegration
integration
divergence, disassembly,inspiration, way of arts
convergence,synthesisrationality, way of science
Brainstorming
• Used especially to introduce you to problem framework - Don’t discuss about the (best) solutions too early!
• Method:• Collect problems to Post-It notes, or use a
program (FreeMind)• Group/associate problems• Collect more data for each problem• Grade problems
• Group members: Session leader, Secretary, Tool-assistant, Customer representative, Social facilitator, Technical facilitator, other Group members
Group Members• Session leader:
– guide and facilitate – not to interfere with own opinions – track time – encourage the participants
• Secretary: – documentation – assist to track the session flow
• Tool-assistant: – aware of ideation tools – tools include
• computer programs • independent methods (as Fish bones diagram,
SWOT-analysis …)
Group Members (cont.)Customer representative (Check Point -
phase): -Practical perspectives of the brainstorming
objectives -Interferes only after substantial amount of
ideas have been mapped and there seems to be not many new ideas appearing
- Responsible to carry in customer's objectives initial opinions of company's executives practical constrains as - money - time - personnel resources
Group Members (cont.)
• Social facilitator: – has formed himself a framework of the brainstorming
themes – should not decide what the solution is, or even, what
the problem is – He is aware of the laws of group dynamics and
human personality – Well prepared to boost group creativity based on this
framework
Group Members (cont.)
Technical facilitator: technology related matters as
product development tools production technology general commercial aspects
Group members: open attitude communication skills able to visualize their ideas fluent oral presentation wide range of disciplines and cultures
Double Team*
1. Present the problem-framework2. Innovate solutions in the teams of two
- a pair selects five ideas to present3. Pairs explain their ideas shortly4. Ideas are grouped into logical categories5. Pairs innovate more ideas into categories
- Pair selects two ideas they present6. Pairs explain their ideas 7. Grading of each idea with scores 1-38. Select the best ideas so far9. Discussion10. Select the best idea(s) after discussions
*Recommended for generation of long list of solutions
555
5
Problemframework
Grouping
222
2
Grading
Discussion
Mind Mapping
new product
production
estimates
buying
planning
transportation
logisticsbusinesspartners
feedback
info
education
marketing
stocking
transportation
B2B B2C
customerselection
sales promotion
Fish Bones
Five Whys (& Hows!)
Problem: A machine does not work!
Why: Fuse blown!How: Voltage spike? something got jammed? overload? etcWhy: Why overload?How: Component malfunctioned! high resistance! no maintenance! etcWhy: Why there was no maintenance?How: Pump malfunctioned! a spare part was old a spare part was wrong! etcWhy: Why did the pump malfunctioned?How: Pump has overheated! electricity problems? etc.Why: Why did the pump overheated?How: Cooler filter was jammed!
So, We replace the filter and check in regularly …. Why and how this can be reassuredin the future ….?
Ask ”WHY-HOW” 5 times (at least):
Getting More out of Brainstorming
*Axon 2002 - program: http://web.singnet.com.sg/ ~axon2000/index.htm
facts: figures, information needs and gaps
intuition: feelings and emotions
logical negative:judgment and caution
logical positive:why something works
creativity: alternatives, proposals, what is interesting, provocations and changes
meta-cognition:creativity process control
• Method of Six Thinking Hats (Edward de Bono) or Six Eyes* (Rodney King) can be used to get Brainstorming to work better.
• Idea: group members are assigned hats:
SWOT Analysis• SWOT is applicable for sorting unorganized knowledge
bases and analyzing current status• Successful SWOT yields structured mapping of the
problem at hand• For instance in product analysis
– identify strength and weaknesses of the product– search through possibilities and threats (for instance
for product launch)• Realization: List all the relevant properties and sort
them into SWOT boxes!
Strength WeaknessWeakness
OpportunityOpportunity ThreatsThreats
inside
outside
A case of SWOT: WAP-based Knowledge Base
Service*Strengths
Expandable, flexible, easy to use, dynamic, easy to personalize,
bypassing of telephone exchange, more
effective graphics, utilization of location information
Strengths Expandable, flexible, easy to use, dynamic, easy to personalize,
bypassing of telephone exchange, more
effective graphics, utilization of location information
WeaknessesNeed for WAP terminal
managing, search routines require
Dedication
WeaknessesNeed for WAP terminal
managing, search routines require
Dedication
OpportunitiesIf first at the market may
be a killer-kind app.Due to usage of immediate
location info by GPS or GSM location technology
OpportunitiesIf first at the market may
be a killer-kind app.Due to usage of immediate
location info by GPS or GSM location technology
ThreatsNo popularity,
one applies terminal specificcatalogs, competitive
techniques may hit markets
ThreatsNo popularity,
one applies terminal specificcatalogs, competitive
techniques may hit markets
*S-72.124 spring ‘99
Force Field Analysis• FFA is a method to analyze factors for and against an act• Objective: To create an unified description of the factors
forming the problem. This is used to alter the process state to the wanted direction!
• Benefits– Describes all the relevant forces– Allows to plan
• contra strategies for negative forces• supporting strategies for positive forces
• The FFA method: Identify, Sort and Grade the different forces and illustrate the problem by a diagram including the forces!
• The first result of this method describes the current state• Alteration of forces can change the current state to the
objective state!
Force Field Analysis: Example
Recommended