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Relative frequency of breast cancer website information topics: Environmental risk, prevention, detection, treatment, awareness, social support, & survivorship. Rose Clark-Hitt 1 Marleah Dean 2 Sandi W. Smith 1 Samantha Nazione 1 Charles Atkin 1 Pamela Whitten 1 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Rose Clark-Hitt1
Marleah Dean2
Sandi W. Smith1
Samantha Nazione1
Charles Atkin1
Pamela Whitten1
1 Michigan State University, 2 University of New Mexico
Background: Breast Cancer Prevalence & Health Information on InternetBreast Cancer PrevalenceNew cases diagnosed per year (over 250,000)Deaths each year from breast cancer (over
40,000)Internet and HealthOver 80% of Americans report using the
internet to visit health websites (Fox, 2006) 41% of BC patients use internet for information
(Fogel, 2002)
Background: Prior Content Analysis ResearchBreast cancer news media content
analyses NewspapersTV news
Breast cancer website content analysisContent & website quality
Background: Purpose of Present Content AnalysisGoal to provide comprehensive review of
breast cancer information on the web, extending prior content analyses
Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Center grantGoal to learn about environmental
factors that may increase risks for breast cancer and to communicate to public
BackgroundExamined following categories of content:
1. Awareness2. Environmental risks3. Prevention4. Detection5. Treatment6. Social Support7. Survivorship
Method
SampleGoogle, Yahoo, & MSN
Unit of analysisIndividual web pageN= 415
Ordinal coding Main focus of web page (3) Secondary focus of web page(2) Mention only on web page(1) Absent on web page (0)
2 coders established reliability
Results for Overall CategoriesContent Area Major
EmphasisMinor Emphasis
No Content
Awareness 16% 36% 47%
Environmental Risks
13% 36% 50%
Prevention 16% 45% 39%
Detection 9% 43% 48%
Treatment 22% 41% 38%
Social Support
2% 30% 67%
Survivorship 4% 34% 63%
ResultsAwareness Environmental RisksMost common
awareness topic was information about breast cancer such as types and stages (about 39%)
About 4% of pages had prevalence in terms of number of cases
The most prevalent topic with a major emphasis was exposure to chemicals (5%)
For minor content, greatest number of web pages mentioned avoiding unhealthy diet (10.7%) and the role of hormones (10.5%).
ResultsPrevention DetectionVery little content on
parental prevention behaviors to help daughters (1.2% had minor emphasis)
About 10% had minor emphasis and 5% major emphasis on individual prevention
About a third contained information about symptoms
Mammograms appeared in about 16%
BSE, X-ray, and MRI in about 5%
ResultsTreatment Survivorship & Social
SupportChemotherapy most
common treatment topic (33%), followed by surgical procedures (23%), radiation (20%), and holistic medicine (5%)
Survivorship most common content related to side effects of treatment (about 5%)
For social support, the most common content was network support (about 13%)
Implications & Conclusions Most common topics: treatment & preventionPrevention: similar findings with prior work
showing most prevention messages are directed at self, not helping others prevent breast cancerLittle coverage of parental prevention
Environmental risks: hormones, avoiding particular chemicals, foods
Limitations: small sample of availability on internet; search terms, & patterns of use
Implications & Conclusions
Provides insight on content women are exposed to when searching popular websites
May provide insight for website design to better serve women
Future directions Agenda setting and how content on web
pages influences perceptions of what topics are important regarding breast cancer
WebsitesCornell University Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors
envirocancer.cornell.edu
Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers
bcerc.org/home.htm
BreastCancer.Org breastcancer.org
Breast Cancer Fund breastcancerfund.org
National Breast Cancer Coalition stopbreastcancer.org
National Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences
niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/centers/breast-cancer/index.cfm
Yahoo Health health.yahoo.com/breastcancer-overview/breast-cancer-topic-overview/healthwise--tv3617.html
Mayo Clinic mayoclinic.com/health/breast-cancer/DS00328
Oncolink oncolink.org/types/article.cfm?c=3&s=5&ss=33&id=8320
The National Cancer Institute cancer.gov/cancerinfo/types/breast
The National Cancer Institute cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdqratmentbreas/helathprofessional/allpages/print
Wikpedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer
BreastCancer.net breastcancernet.org
American Cancer Society cancer.org/docroot/CRI/CRI_2x.asp?sitearea=LRN&dt=5
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