Ronald Kotkin, Ph.D. Clinical Professor Child Development Center University of California, Irvine...

Ronald Kotkin, Ph.D.

Clinical Professor

Child Development Center

University of California, Irvine

Department of Pediatrics

Baseball Analogy of ADHD: Inattentive Subtype

Baseball Analogy of ADHD: Hyperactivity/ Impulse Subtype

Hyperactive/impulsive Behavior Occurs at a High Rate

• Problem behavior often draws attention in the form of reprimands or frequent prompts.

• This may cause a secondary gain increasing the frequency of the problem behavior.

• Need to attend to and reinforce alternative behavior through social modeling, differential reinforcement and a Daily Report Card.

Inattentive Behavior • Behavior occurs at a very low rate.

• Does not draw attention from teachers.

• Needs frequent prompting and reinforcement to maintain effort and increase productivity.

• Need to attend to and reinforce alternative behavior through social modeling, differential reinforcement and a Daily Report Card.

Increasing Positive Reinforcement for appropriate behavior

• Reinforce other students as model to the target child.

• Use the premack principle or gramma’s rule.

• Use group contingencies.

• Aerobic teaching.

Daily Report Card

• No more than three or four behaviors

• Feedback Three times a day: Recess, Lunch Recess and before going home.

• Daily reinforcement for school behavior.

Group Contingencies and Lotteries

• Popcorn Grab

• Thunderslam

• Good Sport Pizza

• Gumball Guess

Popcorn Grab

Thunder slam

Take a shot

I made a basket

We earned a pepperoni

Group contingencies

Provide visual cues• Red sign

• Voice Meter

• Prompts for appropriate pivotal sentences

• Daily report card as a prompt

• Rules

• Time Timer

Social Skills Training

• Target socially valid behaviors.

• Program for generalization

Programming for Generalization

• Train social skills in the same setting

• Train with peers

• Reinforce the use of the social skill in the natural setting

• Use consistent language to quickly prompt social skill

• Post visual prompts

IF YOU SEE OTHER THAN TWO DOLPHINS IT’S TIME FOR A BREAK