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Rome: Republic to Empire. Roman Republic, 509-27 bce Classical Roman Empire, 27 bce-306 ce Divided, Christianized Roman Empire, 306-476 ce Western Christendom & Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine), 476 – 1453 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Rome: Republic to Empire
I. Roman Republic, 509-27 bceII. Classical Roman Empire, 27 bce-306 ceIII. Divided, Christianized Roman Empire, 306-476 ceIV. Western Christendom & Eastern Roman Empire
(Byzantine), 476 – 1453IDs: Augustus Caesar (r. 27 bce-30 ce), Pax Romana,
Constantine (r. 306-337), Byzantine Empire
Grand Empires:
Rome & Han China
LargerPeace & StabilityLong-LastingModels
Argument
Rome relied on military power and slavery. Faced with frequent challenges, Rome survived because it transformed several times – first, from a republic into an empire, then into a divided, Christianized empire, and finally into medieval “Christendom” in the west and the Byzantine Empire in the east.
I. Roman Republic, 509-27 bceA. Predecessor: Hellenistic Influence
B. Rome starts small & grows by conquest Expansion around Mediterranean
1. Military strength
Farmer-militiamen
legion
2. Roman Values
• Respect for authority & hierarchy (especially fathers)
• Duty to– family– state (Rome)– the gods
C. Crisis in Republic (100-27 BCE)
Wealthy elite buys up landPlantations & Slave laborUnemployed farmers
cityArmy commandersContinuous civil war
D. Dictatorship & Civil WarDictatorship: Julius
Caesar, d. 44 BCE
Civil War (44-27 BCE)
Octavian Augustus Caesar (takes over in 27 BCE)
II. Classical Roman Empire, 27 bce-306 ce
A. Imperator (emperor)
Augustus Caesar (reigns 27 bce-30 ce)
B. Pax Romana (Roman Peace)
1. Strong military
• Legions• Provinces• Military
governors
2. IdeologyEmperor as father
of people
Romans’ duty to rule for good of world
3. Continued ExpansionParthian
(Persian) Empire
Rhine & Danube
4. Administration
CitizenshipLocal urban elitespatrons
C. Empire as Urban Network
1. Rome
ForumBathsTheatres
Colosseum
Baths
Forum
Forum of Trajan
Pantheon
Pantheon
2. Provincial Cities
Trier (Rhine frontier)
3. Dependent on Trade
4. Roman Attractions
LawTechnologyHellenistic
culture
aqueduct
5. Bread & circuses
6. Slave empireLatifundiasvilla
D. Problems, 200-300 CE
1. Administrative weakness
2. Depopulation
3. End of Expansion; Beginning of Defense
III. Divided, Christianized Roman Empire, 306-476 ce
• Constantine (r. 306-337 CE)
A. Constantine divides empire into east & west
B. Constantine Converts to Christianity
Uses Christianity to unify & strengthen empire
C. Christianity becomes Official Roman Religion
D. Crisis 400-476 CE
1. Depopulation & Economic breakdown
2. Invasion/ migration of Germanic or Barbarian “Tribes”
Huns
The Barbarians did not make Rome fall.
Attracted to Roman wealth and lifestyle
Barbarians in Roman army
Not a “conquest”
Stilicho the “Barbarian” & his family
3. Network of Trade & Cities breaks down
IV. Western Christendom & Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine), 476 – 1453
A. Western Empire ends476 CE: Last western
Roman emperor deposed
Germanic kingdoms (Medieval Christendom)
From empire & trade local power
B. Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) continues until 1453
Emperor Justinian
C. Roman unity Christian Unity “Christendom”
Christian church takes over structure of Roman Empire
Argument
Rome relied on military power and slavery. Faced with frequent challenges, Rome survived because it transformed several times – first, from a republic into an empire, then into a divided, Christianized empire, and finally into medieval “Christendom” in the west and the Byzantine Empire in the east.
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