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Art of the 19th Century: Romanticism, Realism, and the
Academic Tradition
Chapter 20
The Rise of Modernism
The “modern” era of art history coincides with
three revolutions:
Political revolutions in America and France, resulting in
democratic governments.
The Industrial Revolution starting in England, resulting in
new inexpensive products including oil paint in a tube.
The Scientific Revolution (part of the Enlightenment) in
which Church authority questioned, “reason” the basis of
authority.
Romanticism: Art that celebrates nature, illustrates exotic and
ordinary people, as well as shows the irrational side of human
nature. Expressive brushwork, oftentimes splashes of
saturated color.
Realism: Art that explores the subjects of everyday life, the
countryside, and/or the plight of the lower class as they
actually appeared. Oftentimes political.
Honore
Daumier, The
Third Class
Carriage,
Figure 19-12
Gustave Courbet, The Stonebreakers,
oil on canvas, 1849-1850 Figure 20.11
Academic Art of the 19th Century: art officially endorsed by
the French Government and Salon (school) that was
sentimental, had a smooth finish, and mild eroticism and/or
was overly sweet. Featured subjects of history or myth.
Top: Cabanel’s Birth of Venus. Right: Bougereau, Cupid
and Psyche’s First Kiss.
Which work takes a modern approach? Which
work takes an academic approach to painting?
Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, oil on canvas, 1863, Figure 20.17
Manet, Olympia. Oil on Canvas, 1863.
Although Manet never considered himself
an Impressionist, we will see he was a great
influence on the next art historical
movement we will explore…
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