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ROMANTIC ERA1800-1900
Romantic Thinking
• A middle class was beginning to form• Revolutionary War in America affected
politics all over Europe.• Napoleon led France in a Revolution; they
did NOT end up with a democracy.• The Romantic era is about shepherds,
young maids, and other common folk who were suddenly considered as important as rich people.
Composers become free-writers
• Composers were no longer hired by the wealthy.
• They begin to write music for the common people.
• They work free-lance and write what they want to write.
Beethoven
Abusive FatherCarried notebook for music ideasShowed how to develop motivesWrote in a classical style and romantic styleEroica Symphony
Schubert
Wrote many songs in German; most songs until now were in Italian
Friends tried to ‘set him up’ for a “good time”
He died soon afterwards in his early 30’s
Franz Liszt
Catholic PriestAllowed to leave liturgy to marry
As Famous as a rock star is today
Would have people assigned to ‘faint’ during his performancesSituated the piano just right so the audience could see his profile perfectlyMany women adored him and came to his concerts just to see him
Wrote many works for the piano
Began to write folk melodies from gypsies: Hungarian Folk songs
Richard Wagner
Wrote many operasBelieved that music, art, and drama were meant to be performed together and simultaneously
He had an opera house built in Bayreuth, GermanyHis operas are still performed there today.
He had many people who didn’t like himBrahms and Wagner were ‘at war’ their entire lives.
The only other person in the history of the world who has had more written about them than Wagner is Jesus Christ.
Johannes Brahms
Never married. Many women’s names are written into his music
Wrote Hungarian folk melodies
Friend to Robert SchumannCared for Schumann’s family after his death.
Robert Schumann
Loved Clara Wieck; sued her father to marry her
Friend to Brahms
Was mentally ill last 2 years of his life
Clara Wieck Schumann
Excellent pianist
After her husband’s death, she set up concerts where she played her husband’s music
She is largely responsible for her husband’s success as a composer.
Chopin
Polish Composer
Wrote beautiful melodies with a sad or melancholy sound
Wrote mainly for the piano
Tchaikovsky
Russian Composer
Famous for his ballets Swan Lake Sleeping Beauty The Nutcracker
Mendelssohn
Fanny Mendelssohn Felix Mendelssohn
Young Composer whose genius in composition surpassed Mozart
Songs Without Words, SymphoniesHe died soon after his sister, Fanny
Other Composers
• Bruckner
• Franck
• Berlioz
• Dvorak
• Strauss
Instruments
• Symphonies were very large.
• Brass tubing was wrapped and valves were added
• Saxophone invented
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