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Rocks and the Rock Cycle:
Rocks and the Rock Cycle:
Can rocks change from one type to
another?
What is a rock?
What is a rock? A rock is a solid, naturally occurring
chunk in the lithosphere that was melted, cemented, or pressed together.
What is a rock? A rock is a solid, naturally occurring
chunk in the lithosphere that was melted, cemented, or pressed together. May or may not contain minerals.
Classifying rocks:
Classifying rocks:
Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure.
Classifying rocks:
Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure. Geologist’s break up a rock’s grain structure
into three categories.
Classifying rocks:
Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure. Geologist’s break up a rock’s grain structure
into three categories. Grain size
Fine grain: Slate
Coarse grain: Diorite
No visible grain: Flint
Classifying rocks:
Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure. Geologist’s break up a rock’s grain structure
into three categories. Grain size Grain shape
Rounded grain: Conglomerate
Jagged grain: Breccia
Classifying rocks:
Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure. Geologist’s break up a rock’s grain structure
into three categories. Grain size Grain shape Grain pattern
Non-banded grain: Quartzite
Banded grain: Gneiss
Types of Rocks:
Igneous rocks:
Types of igneous rocks: Basalt
Types of igneous rocks: Obsidian
Types of Rocks:
Igneous rocks: This type forms from the cooling of magma or lava.
Types of Rocks:
Igneous rocks: This type forms from the cooling of magma or lava. Extrusive igneous rocks: Formed from lava
that hardened on the surface of the Earth.
Extrusive igneous: Rhyolite
Types of Rocks:
Igneous rocks: This type forms from the cooling of magma or lava. Extrusive igneous rocks: Formed from lava
that hardened on the surface of the Earth. Intrusive igneous rocks: Formed from magma
that hardened beneath the surface of the Earth.
Intrusive igneous: Porphyry
Igneous rocks: Pumice
Types of Rocks:
Sedimentary rocks:
Types of Rocks:
Sedimentary rocks: This type forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
Types of Rocks:
Sedimentary rocks: This type forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. Clastic: Made of small rocks squeezed together.
Clastic Sedimentary rocks: Shale
Types of Rocks:
Sedimentary rocks: This type forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. Clastic: Made of small rocks squeezed together. Organic: Made of the remains of plants or
animals.
Organic sedimentary rocks: Coquina
Types of Rocks:
Sedimentary rocks: This type forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. Clastic: Made of small rocks squeezed together. Organic: Made of the remains of plants or
animals. Chemical: Made of minerals that are dissolved in
a solution and crystallize.
Chemical sedimentary rocks: Tufa
Types of Rocks:
Metamorphic rocks: Formed from any rock by heat and pressure deep beneath the Earth’s surface.
Types of Rocks:
Metamorphic rocks: Formed from any rock by heat and pressure deep beneath the Earth’s surface. Foliated rocks: Grains arranged in parallel layers
or bands.
Foliated rocks: Phyllite
Types of Rocks:
Metamorphic rocks: Formed from any rock by heat and pressure deep beneath the Earth’s surface. Foliated rocks: Grains arranged in parallel layers
or bands. Non-foliated rocks: Grains are arranged
randomly.
Non-foliated rocks: Hornfels
Volcanic activity
The Rock Cycle
Melting
Erosion
Deposition
Heat and Pressure
Sediment
Igneous Rock
Sedimentary
rock
Magma and Lava
Metamorphic
rock
Volcanic activity
The Rock Cycle
Melting
Erosion
Deposition
Heat and Pressure
Sediment
Igneous Rock
Sedimentary
rock
Magma and Lava
Metamorphic
rock
Volcanic activity
The Rock Cycle
Melting
Erosion
Deposition
Heat and Pressure
Sediment
Igneous Rock
Sedimentary
rock
Magma and Lava
Metamorphic
rock
Volcanic activity
The Rock Cycle
Melting
Erosion
Deposition
Heat and Pressure
Sediment
Igneous Rock
Sedimentary
rock
Magma and Lava
Metamorphic
rock
Volcanic activity
The Rock Cycle
Melting
Erosion
Deposition
Heat and Pressure
Sediment
Igneous Rock
Sedimentary
rock
Magma and Lava
Metamorphic
rock
Volcanic activity
The Rock Cycle
Melting
Erosion
Deposition
Heat and Pressure
Sediment
Igneous Rock
Sedimentary
rock
Magma and Lava
Metamorphic
rock
Volcanic activity
The Rock Cycle
Melting
Erosion
Deposition
Heat and Pressure
Sediment
Igneous Rock
Sedimentary
rock
Magma and Lava
Metamorphic
rock
Volcanic activity
The Rock Cycle
Melting
Erosion
Deposition
Heat and Pressure
Sediment
Igneous Rock
Sedimentary
rock
Magma and Lava
Metamorphic
rock
Minerals
Minerals
What are minerals and what do they look like?
Rocks vs. Minerals
May contain minerals. May contain organic
substances. Are classified by the
way they were formed. Occur naturally in the
lithosphere as a “chunk”.
Contain elements or combinations of elements in a specific ratio. Ex. Emerald is
Be Al Si O
May form crystals. Occurs naturally in the
lithosphere as a “chunk”.
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