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Rocks And Minerals Benchmark Review
What is a Mineral?• Solid• Inorganic• Naturally Occurring• Crystal Structure• Definite Chemical
Composition
• Over 4,000 minerals discovered!
• Each have a unique arrangement of atoms
Ore• A mineral that contains important
elements including metals. • Extracted through processes. One
common known process is Smelting.
Gem
• A precious or semiprecious stone when cut and polished or engraved.
Properties of Minerals • Crystal Structure
• Cleavage vs. Fracture
• Color• Streak and Luster • Hardness• Special
properties• Reaction with
Acid• Specific
Gravity• Magnetism• Taste
ROCKS!!!!!
IGNEOUS ROCKS
• Formed from volcanic activity
• The cooling of Magma/LavaIntrusive Extrusiv
e• Hardening of magma
• Slow cooling• Produces large
crystals• Coarse grained
texture(rough)
• Hardening of Lava• Fast cooling• Produces small
crystals• Fine grained
texture(smooth)
Obsidian
Granite
Sedimentary Rock
•Erosion•Deposition•Compaction•Cementation
DetritalOrganic
Chemical
3 sedimentary rock types
Sed. Rocks
*Sm or Lg particles(Smooth or Rough)
Ex. Shale, Sandstone
Sed. Living*Depends on what sed’s come from(smooth or rough)
Ex. Coal, Limestone
Evap H20 Crystallization*Depends on Crystal size (Cooling Rate)
Ex. Rock Salt, Gypsum
Fossils• Plant or animal remains
left over in a rock.• Only found in
sedimentary rocks• Would melt or burn in
igneous or metamorphic rocks
Metamorphic Rock• Igneous and Sedimentary rocks undergo
Heat, and Pressure to “Morph” into a metamorphic rock.
Foliated• Grains in rocks are
arranged in parallel layers• Distinct pattern• “Bands of colors”
Non-Foliated• Grains in rocks are
arranged randomly• No distinct pattern or
layers
Ex. Gneiss Ex. Soapstone
The Rock Cycle
GOOD LUCK!!!!
STUDY!!!!
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