Roaring Twenties Struggling with Postwar Issues Politics of the Twenties The Business of America...

Roaring TwentiesRoaring TwentiesStruggling with Postwar IssuesStruggling with Postwar Issues

Politics of the TwentiesPolitics of the Twenties

The Business of America The Business of America

Changing Ways of Life Changing Ways of Life

Women in the TwentiesWomen in the Twenties

The Harlem RenaissanceThe Harlem Renaissance

Context of the TimeContext of the Time Postwar AmericaPostwar America

For the first time in American History there are For the first time in American History there are more people living in urban areas rather than more people living in urban areas rather than rural.rural.

America has to adjust from a wartime society to America has to adjust from a wartime society to peacetime society. peacetime society.

The influenza pandemic shakes America.The influenza pandemic shakes America. Russia has fallen to Communism.Russia has fallen to Communism. For the first time American Women have the right For the first time American Women have the right

to vote. to vote. The Great Migration creates positives and The Great Migration creates positives and

negatives for blacks in America.negatives for blacks in America.

Postwar IssuesPostwar Issues

Many American were exhausted from the Many American were exhausted from the war in Europe. They yearned to get back war in Europe. They yearned to get back to the ‘good old days.’ to the ‘good old days.’

In order to get back to the ‘good ole days’ In order to get back to the ‘good ole days’ (Gilded Age), America experienced 3 (Gilded Age), America experienced 3 trends.trends. IsolationismIsolationism-pulling back from world affairs-pulling back from world affairs Renewed idea of Renewed idea of nativismnativism or anti-immigration or anti-immigration Political Conservatism Political Conservatism which is the opposite which is the opposite

of activism of activism

Postwar Issues: Fear of Postwar Issues: Fear of CommunismCommunism

1.1. Fear of CommunismFear of Communism Red Scare: Panic Red Scare: Panic

during the postwar during the postwar era where majority of era where majority of Americans were afraid Americans were afraid that Communism was that Communism was spreading all over the spreading all over the world. The expansion world. The expansion of Communism of Communism threatened American threatened American living. living.

Postwar Issues: Fear of Postwar Issues: Fear of CommunismCommunism

Attorney General A. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer Mitchell Palmer played on peoples fear played on peoples fear and sent agents to and sent agents to hunt down suspected hunt down suspected communist, socialists, communist, socialists, and anarchists. and anarchists.

Palmer Raids trampled Palmer Raids trampled over Americans civil over Americans civil liberties and exported liberties and exported 100s of foreign-born 100s of foreign-born radicals. radicals.

Postwar Issues Postwar Issues

The Red Scare fed peoples suspicion of The Red Scare fed peoples suspicion of immigrants which would ruin reputations and immigrants which would ruin reputations and lives. None more famous than Nicola Sacco lives. None more famous than Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti. (May 1920)and Bartolomeo Vanzetti. (May 1920)

Postwar Issues: Fear of Postwar Issues: Fear of CommunismCommunism

Sacco (shoemaker) and Vanzetti (fish Sacco (shoemaker) and Vanzetti (fish peddler), were Italian immigrant and peddler), were Italian immigrant and known anarchist who were picked up for known anarchist who were picked up for armed robbery. armed robbery.

The evidence against them was weak and The evidence against them was weak and the court proceedings were a mockery. the court proceedings were a mockery.

Both men were convicted and sentenced Both men were convicted and sentenced to death. to death.

Everyone at that time convicted men Everyone at that time convicted men based on who they were rather than the based on who they were rather than the evidenceevidence

Many protested the decision and Many protested the decision and highlighted the ridiculous panic in highlighted the ridiculous panic in

regards the Red Scareregards the Red Scare

Regardless, both men were still executed Regardless, both men were still executed in 1927. in 1927.

Postwar Issues: Postwar Issues: ImmigrationImmigration

After the war, the After the war, the supply of unskilled supply of unskilled occupations had occupations had decreased. decreased.

Immigrants were Immigrants were unwanted mainly unwanted mainly because they drove because they drove down the price of down the price of labor, but also labor, but also because of the belief because of the belief that immigrants were that immigrants were communist. communist.

Nativist Movement- Nativist Movement- “keeping America for “keeping America for Americans” Americans”

Postwar Issues: Postwar Issues: ImmigrationImmigration

One organization One organization that experienced a that experienced a resurrection during resurrection during the Nativist the Nativist Movement was the Movement was the Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan

Their organization Their organization grew off peoples’ grew off peoples’ fear and financial fear and financial incentive for incentive for recruiting. recruiting.

The KKK experienced record numbers at 4.5 The KKK experienced record numbers at 4.5 million by expanding their racial and million by expanding their racial and

ideological targets. ideological targets.

Postwar Issues: Postwar Issues: ImmigrationImmigration

Due to the Nativist Due to the Nativist Movement, the Movement, the government passed government passed the Emergency the Emergency Quota Act of 1921. Quota Act of 1921.

This established the This established the quota system which quota system which put a limit on the put a limit on the number of number of immigrants that immigrants that entered the country. entered the country.

Postwar Issues: Labor Postwar Issues: Labor

When the war When the war ended, so to did the ended, so to did the truce between labor truce between labor and owner. and owner.

Labor did not push Labor did not push for rights during the for rights during the war cause they were war cause they were not allowed to. not allowed to.

Wages did not keep Wages did not keep up with inflation. up with inflation.

The Boston Police Strike: Police went on The Boston Police Strike: Police went on strike when they were refused a raise and the strike when they were refused a raise and the

right to unionize.right to unionize.

Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge sent Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge sent in the National Guard to replace the striking in the National Guard to replace the striking

police. “There is no right to strike against the police. “There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, any time.” public safety by anybody, anywhere, any time.”

Calvin Coolidge Calvin Coolidge

In September of 1919 300,000 workers walked In September of 1919 300,000 workers walked off their jobs within the steel industry. off their jobs within the steel industry.

Federal troops were sent in to break up the Federal troops were sent in to break up the strike and violence broke out. strike and violence broke out.

Postwar Issues: LaborPostwar Issues: Labor Do you think the Labor Do you think the Labor

Unions helped or hurt Unions helped or hurt the labor’s cause? the labor’s cause?

Why at the end of WWI, Why at the end of WWI, were Americans and the were Americans and the Government against the Government against the Labor Movement?Labor Movement?

The Labor Movement The Labor Movement had too many had too many similarities to the similarities to the Socialism and the Red Socialism and the Red Scare created an anti-Scare created an anti-labor mindset labor mindset

Postwar PoliticsPostwar Politics

Limited Government Limited Government Favored Big Business Favored Big Business Favored Isolationism Favored Isolationism Incompetent Incompetent Conservative Conservative Postwar Politics was a reflection on Postwar Politics was a reflection on

the time period and the people. the time period and the people.

Do Nothing PresidentsDo Nothing PresidentsWarren G. HardingWarren G. Harding

““Return to Normalcy” Return to Normalcy” Calvin Coolidge Calvin Coolidge ““Business of America is Business”Business of America is Business”

Postwar Politics: Postwar Politics: Isolationism and Lasting Isolationism and Lasting

PeacePeace Washington Naval Conference- In 1921 Washington Naval Conference- In 1921

nations all over the world agreed to halt nations all over the world agreed to halt the building of ships for 10 years. Major the building of ships for 10 years. Major naval powers would also scrap ships naval powers would also scrap ships

Kellogg-Briand Pact-1928 , 15 nations Kellogg-Briand Pact-1928 , 15 nations renounced war as a form of diplomacy renounced war as a form of diplomacy

Fordney-McCumber Tariff raised import Fordney-McCumber Tariff raised import taxes by 60% to protect American businesstaxes by 60% to protect American business

Dawes Plan loaned money to Germany so Dawes Plan loaned money to Germany so they could pay Britain and Francethey could pay Britain and France

Harding Scandal Harding Scandal

Turn to page 626 and 627. Answer Turn to page 626 and 627. Answer Main Idea question C. How did the Main Idea question C. How did the Scandals of the Harding administration Scandals of the Harding administration hurt the country economically? hurt the country economically?

More importantly what might have More importantly what might have happened to Americans overall opinion happened to Americans overall opinion in regards to the Presidency? in regards to the Presidency?

How is the election of Harding a How is the election of Harding a reflection of the mindset of Americans? reflection of the mindset of Americans?

Economic Economic Boom!!!Boom!!!

False Prosperity in the 1920sFalse Prosperity in the 1920s

Postwar EconomicsPostwar Economics

Source of Economic Boom Source of Economic Boom

1.1. Effect of WWI on technologyEffect of WWI on technology

2.2. Scientific Management implicated on a Scientific Management implicated on a grand scalegrand scale

3.3. 1 and 2 rapidly increased in worker 1 and 2 rapidly increased in worker productivity productivity

4.4. Psychology of Consumption: “Conspicuous Psychology of Consumption: “Conspicuous Consumption” Consumption”

5.5. Relations between the federal government Relations between the federal government and big business: Laissez-faire and big business: Laissez-faire

Postwar Economics: Postwar Economics: Source 1-3Source 1-3

Machines, Factories, and Machines, Factories, and Standardized Mass Production Standardized Mass Production fueled the economic growth of the fueled the economic growth of the 1920s. 1920s.

Self-perpetuating Self-perpetuating

Cycle Cycle

Postwar Economics: Postwar Economics: Source 4Source 4

Birth of American ConsumerismBirth of American Consumerism Automobile Industry: Assembly line lowered cost of Automobile Industry: Assembly line lowered cost of

production and turned the car into a necessity production and turned the car into a necessity New Electrical Appliances: vacuum, toaster, washing New Electrical Appliances: vacuum, toaster, washing

machines, refrigerators, etc. machines, refrigerators, etc. Entertainment: Radio, motion pictures, sports, vacationEntertainment: Radio, motion pictures, sports, vacation

Installment Plan (credit) made the dream of owning Installment Plan (credit) made the dream of owning the above goods possible. the above goods possible.

Mass Media Advertising encouraged consumptionMass Media Advertising encouraged consumption However, Americans inability or disinterest in However, Americans inability or disinterest in

managing their debt create a “false prosperity.” managing their debt create a “false prosperity.”

Postwar Economics: Postwar Economics: AutomobileAutomobile

Economic Effects of the Automobile: Economic Effects of the Automobile:

1.1. Promoted growth of other industries Promoted growth of other industries

2.2. Helped fuel the creation of a national Helped fuel the creation of a national system of highways system of highways

3.3. Created new service facilities Created new service facilities Social effectsSocial effects

1.1. Created a more mobile society Created a more mobile society

2.2. Broke down the stability of family life Broke down the stability of family life

3.3. Broke down traditional morality Broke down traditional morality

Postwar Economics: Postwar Economics: Source 5 Source 5

Four ways government effected Four ways government effected business in the 20s. business in the 20s. High Tariffs eliminated foreign High Tariffs eliminated foreign

competitioncompetition Tax cuts for corporations, income, and Tax cuts for corporations, income, and

more loopholes created more funds more loopholes created more funds Cutbacks in the Federal Trade Cutbacks in the Federal Trade

Commission (deregulation) Commission (deregulation) Price-fixing helped eliminate competition Price-fixing helped eliminate competition

Roaring TwentiesRoaring Twenties

Sheet on American Consumerism Sheet on American Consumerism Margin Question—Chapter 21 Margin Question—Chapter 21

Section 1 and 2 Section 1 and 2

Flapper LifestyleFlapper Lifestyle

Flapper LifestyleFlapper Lifestyle

Roaring TwentiesRoaring Twenties

CinemaCinema

20s Literature20s Literature

The Great MigrationThe Great Migration

W.E.B. Du BoisW.E.B. Du Bois

Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

Harlem Renaissance Harlem Renaissance

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

Harlem Renaissance Harlem Renaissance

Jazz AgeJazz Age

The Harlem RenaissanceThe Harlem Renaissance

Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong