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SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Gerhard Goerlitz 1, Colin Brown 2
1 Bayer CropScience AG, Monheim, Gemany 2 University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
Risk Mitigation Groundwater & Drainage
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Groundwater
Aquifer
Drinking Water Well Monitoring Well
•
1m FOCUS GW conservative surrogate for PEC calculation
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Groundwater EU has established a protective Quality Standard of 0.1 µg/L for pesticide a.i. and relevant metabolites in groundwater. (DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC =“WFD”)
RMM 1) in 4 categories: 1. Well established in the EU, widely used and consolidated
2. Established somewhere in the EU, and consolidated
3. Well documented RMM, but needs more consolidation
4. Only an idea and needs research
1) Mitigation measures to ensure compliance with the groundwater quality standard are in the following also termed „Risk Mitigation Measures“ (=RMM) even if that may not be strictly correct.
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Technical, agronomic and legal feasibility generally very high, measures covered by existing label phrases Spe1 and SPe2 Effectiveness: (V)ariable and needs to be established via approved regulatory models (H)igh Enforceability: (Y)es = no issues seen (H)igh
Risk Mitigation Toolbox Groundwater
RMM Effective-
ness Enforce-ability
Label Phrase Comments Applicable to Drainage
restriction of application to certain growth stage V Y SPe 1 usually implicitly part of
the GAP, yes
restriction of application to certain time of the year V Y SPe 1 yes
max number of applications H Y SPe 1 yes
within 2yr/3yr period H Y SPe 1 no
soil type, - parameter V H SPe 2 suitable communication
in the label yes
1. RMM well established in the EU, widely used and consolidated
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Risk Mitigation Toolbox Groundwater (2)
2. Established somewhere in the EU, and consolidated
RMM Effectiveness
Use in Risk Assessment
Label Phrase Comments Applicable to Drainage
application only from … to … V Y SPe 1 yes
Band application H Y Spe X yes
geohydrological properties H Y SPe 2 Use of Spe 2 needs
clarification no
exclude drinking water abstraction areas H *) (Y) covered in
WFD
depends on the
definition of DW
abstraction well/area no
*) drinking water
Technical, agronomic and legal feasibility generally very high, measures covered by existing label phrases Spe1 and SPe2, new label phrase needed for band application Effectiveness: (V)ariable and needs to be established via approved regulatory models (H)igh Enforceability: (Y)es = no issues seen (H)igh
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
3. Well documented RMM, but needs more consolidation
RMM Effectiveness Use in Risk Assessment
Label Phrase Comments Applicability to Drainage
exclusion based on vulnerability maps
H
Y
SPe 2, but
needs
clarification
communication of the
vulnerability map,
differentiation between
generic and product
specific maps
yes
catchment management plans H Spe X presently mostly applied
to DW catchments yes
Technical, agronomic and legal feasibility generally high, clarification is needed whether they can be covered by SPe2 or need a new label phrase (band application) Effectiveness: (V)ariable and needs to be established via approved regulatory models (H)igh
Risk Mitigation Toolbox Groundwater (3)
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Groundwater Vulnerability Maps
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Substance-Independent Vulnerability Maps
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Substance-Specific Vulnerability Maps
Issue: Efficient distribution of vulnerability maps
Explore GPS based solutions
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Farm Visit
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Catchment Management Plans
Comprehensive plan to manage farming practice and PPP use in a catchment to adress specific contamination issues in accordance with the needs for efficient and profitable farming. Very dependent on local legal, economical and institutional conditions England Case Study Need to find a „Catchment Manager“ Experiences mostly with drinking water catchments (ground- and surface water) Cooperation between • Catchment manager (e.g. local water works) • Farmers • Advisory services • PPP companies / Industry Associations • Authorities (Water, Agriculture, Environment, Health …) Important issues: Competition law and costs!
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Risk Mitigation Toolbox Groundwater (4)
4. Only an idea and needs research
Multiple agronomic and environmental benefits (reduction of nitrate leaching, improved soil quality, biodiversity, water balance …)
Very attractive solution
Effects on leaching of PPP largely untested and need investigation
RMM Effectiveness Use in Risk Assessment
Label Phrase Comments Applicability to Drainage
cover crops during winter needs investigation
inter-row crops needs investigation
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Subsurface drainage
• Aims to remove excess water from the soil or land surface
• Free-draining soils in landscapes with shallow groundwater
• Slowly-permeable, fine-textured soils often prone to macropore flow
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
hardwickagricultural.co.uk
umequip.com
Subsoiling
Typical tile drain installation
agriculture.vic.gov.au ironcorner.com
Moling
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Extent of drained land
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Alb
ania
Au
stri
a
Be
lgiu
m
Bu
lgar
ia
Cze
ch …
De
nm
ark
Esto
nia
Fin
lan
d
Fran
ce
Ge
rman
y
Gre
ece
Hu
nga
ry
Ire
lan
d
Ital
y
Latv
ia
Lith
uan
ia
Luxe
mb
ou…
Ne
the
rlan
ds
Po
lan
d
Po
rtu
gal
Ro
man
ia
Slo
vaki
a
Slo
ven
ia
Spai
n
UK
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f la
nd
(%
) Subsoiling
Moling
Normal
Patricia de la Cueva (2006). Cranfield University
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Risk mitigation concept for drainage (1)
• Effective drainage is vital for arable cultivation so stopping water movement via drains is not practicable
• Contrasts with surface runoff and erosion where farmers are already working to control as part of best management practices
• So risk mitigation for drainage needs to address use of the PPP in situations presenting unacceptable risk
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Risk mitigation concept for drainage (2)
• First step for transport via drainage is leaching through the upper soil profile
• Risk mitigation measures share many common features with those for groundwater
• Two main types of risk mitigation measures • RMM applied across the whole usage area • RMM targeted at vulnerable situations
• Which type of measure will depend on legal framework and existing practice within the MS
• Modelling likely to be the main approach to demonstrate the reduction in risk (e.g. change in GAP)
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
RMM applied across whole usage area
Drainage mitigation measure
Scientific data basis
Proposed modelling tool or parameter modifications
Comment
Restriction on application timing
+++
Modified application pattern with standard risk
assessment models
Can include restrictions based on crop growth stage
or dates
Restriction on application rate
+++
Modified application pattern with standard risk
assessment models
Can include maximum single rate or maximum rate
per season
Band application ++
Simulate the effective application per unit area
with standard risk assessment models
-
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
RMM targeted at vulnerable areas
Drainage mitigation measure
Scientific data basis
Proposed modelling tool or parameter modifications
Comment
Restriction based on soil type
++
Purpose-designed modelling drawing on MACRO or other
models; potential to incorporate GIS
Restrict on soil type rather than presence/absence of drains as latter not always
known
Restriction based on vulnerability maps
+
Purpose-designed modelling drawing on MACRO or other
models; likely to incorporate GIS
Could draw on existing catchment management
plans and/or Drinking Water Protection Areas
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Retention ponds & artificial wetlands
• Slow the movement of water allowing time for infiltration, sedimentation, sorption and degradation
• Effective measure at MS level where volume/rate of drainflow relatively small; structure relatively large; and/or significant infiltration out of structure
• French guidelines target 7-d hydraulic retention time
• Retention structures 1% of drained area & 0.8 m deep to retain 7 mm of flow
• Use is more challenging in heavy clay soils, so not included into harmonised mitigation scheme at present
• Drainflow can be continuous throughout winter and the main hydraulic pathway
• Retention times decrease if structures full of water prior to storm event
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Tournebize et al., 2015
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
S-Phrases of relevance to groundwater and drainage
Reference Phrase
SPe2 To protect [groundwater/aquatic organisms] do not apply to [soil type or situation to be specified] soils
Reference Phrase
SPeX To protect [groundwater/aquatic organisms] do not apply this or any other product containing [identify active substance or class of substances, as appropriate] in vulnerable areas [areas of drinking water abstraction or other vulnerable conditions]
SPeX To protect [groundwater/aquatic organisms] the use of this or any other product containing [identify active substance or class of substances, as appropriate] is only allowed if specific management conditions [e.g. use of cover crops, band application, others (to be specified)] are fulfilled
Current
Proposed additions
SETAC Europe 12th Special Science Symposium Risk mitigation measures, risk assessment and labelling in the EU 28: Introduction to the MAgPIE toolbox
Environmental Quality through Science® Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
The Groundwater Group Irene Hanke, Agroscope, CH (chair) Gerhard Goerlitz, Bayer, D; Denis Yon, Dow, UK Giovanna Azimonti, SACCO, IT Antonio Finizio, Unimib, IT Bernhard Gottesbueren, BASF, D Erika Schneider, Adama, D Janrenger van de Veen, Sumitomo, F
Stefano Lucci, Isprambiente, IT Elena Alonso Prados, INIA, ESP Tim Haering, BASF, D D. Delikirova, BFSA, BG Orchideya Mitova, NRSZ, BG Greg Hughes, UK Wolfgang Reiher, Knoell, D
Drainage Bernard Vincent, IRSTEA, F Colin Brown, University York, UK
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